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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-2702</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Процессы и аппараты пищевых производств</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Processes and equipment for food industry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическая модель процесса экструзии зерновых культур при неизотермическом течении их расплава до температуры начала реакции Майяра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grain crops extrusion process mathematical model at a non-isothermal flow of their melt up to the temperature of the Maillard reaction start</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasiev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра технологии хлебопекарного, кондитерского, макаронного и зерноперерабатывающего производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, bakery technology, confectionery, pasta and grain processing industries department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnii_kp@vmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food productions department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Fln-84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизиков</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>экстерн, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>external student, technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food productions department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ska@combikorm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-0017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остриков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostrikov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., заведующий, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), head of department, technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food productions department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostrikov27@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зобова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zobova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>экстерн, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>external student, technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food productions department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostrikov27@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>83</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Афанасьев В.А., Фролова Л.Н., Сизиков К.А., Остриков А.Н., Зобова С.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Афанасьев В.А., Фролова Л.Н., Сизиков К.А., Остриков А.Н., Зобова С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Afanasiev V.A., Frolova L.N., Sizikov K.A., Ostrikov A.N., Zobova S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/2702">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/2702</self-uri><abstract><p>Для описания неизотермического течения расплава зерновых культур в экструдере в качестве исходных уравнений были выбраны уравнения движения, уравнение неразрывности, уравнение энергии (теплового баланса), реологическое уравнение. Для решения модели приняты следующие допущения: течение движущейся вязкой среды принимается ламинарным и установившимся; силы инерции и гравитации по сравнению с силами трения и давления настолько малы, что ими можно пренебречь; вязкая среда (расплав) представляет собой несжимаемую жидкость, характеризующуюся постоянными теплопроводностью и температуропроводностью; изменением теплопроводности в продольном направлении пренебрегали в связи с тем, что конвективный перенос теплоты в направлении течения выше, чем перенос теплоты теплопроводностью; теплопередача в направлению перпендикулярном течению расплава происходит только за счет теплопроводности. Для решения системы уравнений с учетом конвективной теплопередачи был использован численный метод конечных разностей, сущность использования которого заключалась в том, что рассматриваемая область (канал экструдера) разбивается на расчетные ячейки с помощью сетки. Сетка состояла из прямоугольных ячеек с постоянным шагом между узлами, которые точно лежат на границах области интегрирования. При этом дифференциальные уравнения преобразовывались в разностные уравнения путем замены производных в точке конечными разностями по границам ячейки. В результате решения получена математическая модель неизотермического течения расплава в канале экструдера. Для решения математической модели процесса экструзии зерновых культур при неизотермическом течении их расплавов составлена программа на алгоритмическом языке C++. Получена неизотермическая математическая модель процесса экструзии зерновых культур при температурах начала реакции Майяра, т. е. до 120–125 ?, которая позволяет выявить характер изменения температуры по длине экструдера. Сравнительный анализ результатов численного решения и экспериментальных данных показал хорошую сходимость: среднеквадратичное отклонение не превышало 12,7%.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The equations of motion, the equation of continuity, the equation of energy (heat balance), the rheological equation were chosen to describe the non-isothermal flow of the cereals melt in the extruder as the initial equations. The following assumptions were made to solve the model: the flow of a moving viscous medium is assumed to be laminar and steady; the forces of inertia and gravity are so small compared to the forces of friction and pressure that they can be neglected; a viscous medium (melt) is an incompressible liquid characterized by constant thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity; the change in thermal conductivity in the longitudinal direction was neglected due to the fact that convective heat transfer in the flow direction is higher than the heat transfer by thermal conductivity; heat transfer in the direction perpendicular to the flow of the melt occurs only due to thermal conductivity. The numerical finite difference method was used to solve a system of equations taking into account convective heat transfer. Its essence of use lies in the fact that the considered area (extruder channel) is divided into calculated cells using a grid. The grid consisted of rectangular cells with a constant step between nodes, which exactly lie on the boundaries of the integration region. In this case, the differential equations were transformed into difference equations by replacing the derivatives at a point with finite differences along the cell boundaries. The mathematical model of non-isothermal melt flow in the extruder channel was obtained as a result of the solution. To solve a mathematical model of the process of grain crops extrusion with a non-isothermal flow of their melts, a program in the algorithmic language C ++ was compiled. A non-isothermal mathematical model of the process of extrusion of grain crops at temperatures of the beginning of the Maillard reaction, i.e., up to 120–125 ?, was obtained. It allows us to identify the nature of the temperature change along the length of the extruder. Comparative analysis of the results of the numerical solution and experimental data showed good convergence: the standard deviation did not exceed 12.7%.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>неизотермическое течение</kwd><kwd>расплав</kwd><kwd>зерновые культуры</kwd><kwd>экструзия</kwd><kwd>комбикорм</kwd><kwd>защищенный белок</kwd><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>non-isothermal flow</kwd><kwd>melt</kwd><kwd>grain crops</kwd><kwd>extrusion</kwd><kwd>compound feed</kwd><kwd>protected protein</kwd><kwd>cattle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamau E.H., Nkhata S.G., Ayua E.O. 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