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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2024-1-31-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-3405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Процессы и аппараты пищевых производств</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Processes and equipment for food industry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы передачи теплоты в градирнях (теория и методы расчёта)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heat transfer mechanisms in cooling towers (theory and calculation methods)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишацкий</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishatskii</surname><given-names>Y. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра физики, теплотехники и теплоэнергетики, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, physics, heatengineering and heat power engineering department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-9452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никель</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nickel</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент, кафедра физики, тепло-техники и теплоэнергетики, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, physics, heatengineering and heat power engineering department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergei.nickel@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2528-0905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толстов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolstov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент, электротехники, теплотехники и гидравлики, ул. Тимирязева, 8, г. Воронеж, 394087, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, electrical engineering, heating engineering and hydraulics department, st. Timiryazeva, 8, Voronezh, 394087, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">se-rezha.tolstoff@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2528-0905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авцинов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avcinov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра автоматизированных систем управления процессами и производствами, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, automated process and production control systems department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor.awtzinov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-9262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерканосова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derkanosova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра сервиса и ресторанного бизнеса, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, service and restaurant business department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aa-derk@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-602X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент, кафедра автоматизиро-ванных систем управления процессами и производствами, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, automated process and production control systems department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emalexeg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Forestry University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шишацкий Ю.И., Никель С.А., Толстов С.А., Авцинов И.А., Дерканосова А.А., Емельянов А.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шишацкий Ю.И., Никель С.А., Толстов С.А., Авцинов И.А., Дерканосова А.А., Емельянов А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shishatskii Y.I., Nickel S.A., Tolstov S.A., Avcinov I.A., Derkanosova A.A., Emelyanov A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3405">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3405</self-uri><abstract><p>Градирни – высокоинтенсивные смесительные теплообменные аппараты. В них теплообмен происходит при непосредственном контакте (соприкосновении) теплоносителей, то есть в теплообменниках отсутствует термическое сопротивление стенки. При охлаждении оборотной воды воздухом часть теплоты передается за счет поверхностного испарения воды – превращения воды в пар с последующим переносом пара путем диффузии в поток воздуха. Другая часть – за счет разницы в температурах между водой и воздухом, то есть теплопередачей соприкосновением (теплопроводность и конвекция). Теплопередача при непосредственном контакте воздуха и вводы всегда сопровождается процессом переноса массы из одной фазы в другую. Это типичный процесс сопряженного тепломассопереноса. В нашем случае под испарением подразумевается процесс перехода воды из жидкого состояния в парообразное при температуре меньшей, чем температура кипения воды при заданном давлении. Поскольку в процессе испарения вода охлаждается, то источником энергии является сама вода. Имеет место процесс адиабатного испарения, при этом вода охлаждается до температуры мокрого термометра. В градирне всегда имеет место испарение. Установлено, что отвод теплоты испарением преобладает над теплоотдачей соприкосновением. Записано уравнение теплового баланса, позволяющее определить расход воздуха на охлаждение воды. Приведено уравнение для расчета температуры мокрого термометра. Приведен метод расчета средней разности энтальпий воздуха в градирне. Аэродинамический расчет вентиляторных градирен заключается в установлении соответствия полного аэродинамического сопротивления градирни напору, развиваемому вентилятором. Полное аэродинамическое сопротивление представляет собой сумму сопротивлений ее элементов. Записаны формулы для расчета коэффициентов сопротивлений. Рассмотрены потери воды вследствие испарения, уноса в виде капель, на фильтрацию, продувку.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cooling towers are high-intensity mixing heat exchangers. In them, heat exchange occurs at direct contact (contact) of heat carriers, i.e. in heat exchangers there is no thermal resistance of the wall. When circulating water is cooled by air, part of the heat is transferred due to surface evaporation of water - transformation of water into vapor with subsequent transfer of vapor by diffusion into the air stream. The other part is due to the temperature difference between water and air, i.e. heat transfer by contact (conduction and convection). Heat transfer by direct contact between air and inlet is always accompanied by a process of mass transfer from one phase to the other. This is a typical process of conjugate heat and mass transfer. In our case, evaporation refers to the process of water transition from liquid to vapor state at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water at a given pressure. Since water is cooled in the process of evaporation, the source of energy is water itself. Adiabatic evaporation takes place and the water is cooled to the wet-bulb temperature. Evaporation always takes place in a cooling tower. It is found that heat transfer by evaporation dominates over heat transfer by contact. A heat balance equation is written to determine the air flow rate for cooling water. An equation for calculating the temperature of a wet thermometer is given. A method for calculating the average enthalpy difference of air in a cooling tower is given. The aerodynamic calculation of fan cooling towers is to determine whether the total aerodynamic drag of the cooling tower corresponds to the head developed by the fan. The total aerodynamic resistance is the sum of the resistances of its elements. Formulas for calculating the drag coefficients are written. Water losses due to evaporation, droplet entrainment, filtration, and blowdown are considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>градирня</kwd><kwd>теплота</kwd><kwd>расчеты</kwd><kwd>потери воды</kwd><kwd>аэродинамический расчет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cooling tower</kwd><kwd>heat</kwd><kwd>calculations</kwd><kwd>water loss</kwd><kwd>aerodynamic calculation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чащин В.П., Гудков А.Б., Попова О.Н., Одланд И.О. и др. Характеристика основных факторов риска нарушений здоровья населения, проживающего на территориях активного природопользования в Арктике // Экология человека. 2014. № 1. С. 3–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chashchin V.P., Gudkov A.B., Popova O.N., Odland I.O. and others. 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