vguitВестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологийProceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies2226-910X2310-1202VSUET10.20914/2310-1202-2024-2-207-212vguit-3492Research ArticleПищевая биотехнологияFood biotechnologyВлияние спорта и физических нагрузок на кишечный микробиом человекаEffects of sport and physical activity on the human intestinal microbiomehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-5287КрюковаО. Н.KryukovaO. N.

к.п.н., кафедра физической культуры и спорта, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Ped.), physical education and sport department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

ol.cok.3@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2936-3940БушуевА. И.BushuyevA. I.

доцент, кафедра физической культуры и спорта, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

associate professor, physical education and sport department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

irina59.bush@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-3811КовалеваТ. С.KovalevaT. S.

к.т.н., старший преподаватель, кафедра технологии бродильных и сахаристых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), fermentation and sugar production technologies department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

tanyakova2501@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-9966ЯковлеваС. Ф.YakovlevaS. F.

к.т.н., доцент, кафедра биохимии и биотехнологии, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, biochemistry and biotechnology department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

svetlana.yakovleva.68@mail.ruВоронежский государственный университет инженерных технологийVoronezh State University of Engineering Technologies202412072024862207212Copyright © Крюкова О.Н., Бушуев А.И., Ковалева Т.С., Яковлева С.Ф., 20242024Крюкова О.Н., Бушуев А.И., Ковалева Т.С., Яковлева С.Ф.Kryukova O.N., Bushuyev A.I., Kovaleva T.S., Yakovleva S.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3492

У каждого человека есть триллионы бактерий, вирусов и грибков, живущих внутри и на нем в многочисленных микробных экосистемах, известных как микробиомы. Микробы кишечника несут ответственность за то, как наш организм расщепляет углеводы, клетчатку, белок и регулирует энергию тела. Эти микробы влияют на воспалительную реакцию организма, устойчивость к стрессу, неврологические функции и даже влияют на умственную силу. Регулярные физические упражнения рекомендованы Всемирной организацией здравоохранения для укрепления здоровья и снижения риска развития многих заболеваний, в том числе психических, а также для увеличения продолжительности жизни. Эти рекомендации основаны на данных множества исследований, демонстрирующих разнообразие патогенетических путей, посредством которых улучшается здоровье на фоне физической нагрузки. С появлением возможности изучения микробиома кишечника, влияние на его таксономический состав и метаболизм с помощью упражнений служат предметом научного интереса. Улучшение микробиома может помочь повысить спортивную производительность и физическую выносливость и улучшить здоровье в целом. Потребление пребиотиков и пробиотиков, соблюдение здорового и сбалансированного рациона, уменьшение потребления сахара и жирной пищи, увеличение потребления растительной пищи, уменьшение стресса и увеличение физической активности – все это может помочь улучшить микробиом и увеличить выносливость. Спорт, посредством изменения микробиома, оказывает благотворное влияние на эмоциональное состояние, пищеварительную функцию, иммунный ответ, сердечно-сосудистое здоровье и здоровье мозга. При снижении физической активности снижается и положительное влияние микробиома.

Each person has trillions of bacteria, viruses and fungi living in and on them in numerous microbial ecosystems known as microbiomes. Gut microbes are responsible for how our bodies break down carbohydrates, fiber, protein and regulate body energy. These microbes influence the body's inflammatory response, stress resistance, neurological function, and even affect mental strength. Regular exercise is recommended by the World Health Organization to promote health and reduce the risk of many diseases, including mental illness, as well as increase longevity. These recommendations are based on evidence from multiple studies demonstrating the variety of pathogenetic pathways by which exercise improves health. With the advent of the ability to study the gut microbiome, influencing its taxonomic composition and metabolism through exercise serves as a subject of scientific interest. Improving the microbiome may help increase athletic performance and physical endurance and improve overall health. Consuming prebiotics and probiotics, eating a healthy and balanced diet, reducing sugar and fatty foods, increasing plant-based foods, reducing stress and increasing physical activity can all help improve the microbiome and increase endurance. Sport, through altering the microbiome, has beneficial effects on emotional well-being, digestive function, immune response, cardiovascular health and brain health. When physical activity decreases, the beneficial effects of the microbiome also decrease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.