vguitВестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологийProceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies2226-910X2310-1202VSUET10.20914/2310-1202-2024-3-51-58vguit-3493Research ArticleПищевая биотехнологияFood biotechnologyВлияние рациона питания на состав кишечной микробиотыEffect of dietary intake on the composition of the intestinal microbiotahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-3811КовалеваТ. С.KovalevaT. S.

к.т.н., старший преподаватель, кафедра технологии бродильных и сахаристых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), senior lecturer, technologies of fermentation and sugar production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

tanyakova2501@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-5287КрюковаО. Н.KryukovaO. N.

к.п.н., кафедра физической культуры и спорта, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Ped.), physical education and sport department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

ol.cok.3@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-6451ЕжоваА. В.EzhovaA. V.

к.п.н., доцент, кафедра теории и методики спортивных игр, ул. Карла Маркса, 59, г. Воронеж, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Ped.), associate professor, theory and methodology of sports games department, st. Karla Marksa, 59, Voronezh, Russia

gonav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-9966ЯковлеваС. Ф.YakovlevaS. F.

к.т.н., доцент, кафедра биохимии и биотехнологии, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, biochemistry and biotechnology department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia

svetlana.yakovleva.68@mail.ruВоронежский государственный университет инженерных технологийVoronezh State University of Engineering TechnologiesВоронежская государственная академия спортаVoronezh State Academy of Sports2024120720248635158Copyright © Ковалева Т.С., Крюкова О.Н., Ежова А.В., Яковлева С.Ф., 20242024Ковалева Т.С., Крюкова О.Н., Ежова А.В., Яковлева С.Ф.Kovaleva T.S., Kryukova O.N., Ezhova A.V., Yakovleva S.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3493

Микробиота кишечника человека представляет собой сложную экосистему, состоящую из триллионов микроорганизмов, которые симбиотически обитают в кишечнике человека. Посредством производства ряда метаболитов они выполняют многие важные метаболические функции, которые дополняют активность ферментов млекопитающих и играют существенную роль в пищеварении. Межиндивидуальная изменчивость структуры микробиоты и, следовательно, экспрессии ее генов (микробиома) в значительной степени объяснялась рационом питания. Питание влияет на состав и функции микробиоты с краткосрочными и долгосрочными эффектами. Несмотря на наличие обширного ряда исследований, молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе этих эффектов, до сих пор остаются не до конца изученными. В статье мы обобщили и конкретизировали имеющиеся данные о влиянии рациона питания на состав микробиоты кишечника. Питание оказывает краткосрочные и долгосрочные влияния на микробные колонии, совершая глубокое воздействие на здоровье человека. Фактически изменения микробиоты, вызванные питанием, постепенно ассоциируются не только с физиологией человека, но и с хроническими заболеваниями, включая ожирение, иммунные, метаболические и воспалительные заболевания кишечника. Взаимосвязь между здоровьем человека, кишечной микробиотой и питанием представляет собой одну из наиболее перспективных и сложных тем для исследователей. Действительно, микробиота представляет собой динамичное сообщество, претерпевающее изменения в соответствии с пищевыми привычками на протяжении всей жизни человека, и обладает большим метаболическим потенциалом, способным воздействовать на фармакологические мишени и биологически активные соединения.

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms that symbiotically inhabit the human gut. Through the production of a number of metabolites, they perform many important metabolic functions that complement mammalian enzyme activity and play an essential role in digestion. Interindividual variability in the structure of the microbiota and hence the expression of its genes (microbiome) has been largely explained by diet. Nutrition affects the composition and function of the microbiota with short- and long-term effects. Although an extensive number of studies are available, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still remain incompletely understood. In this article, we summarized and concretized the available data on the effects of diet on the composition of the gut microbiota. Nutrition has short- and long-term effects on microbial colonies, accomplishing a profound impact on human health. In fact, diet-induced changes in the microbiota are progressively associated not only with human physiology but also with chronic diseases, including obesity, immune, metabolic and inflammatory bowel diseases. The relationship between human health, gut microbiota and nutrition represents one of the most promising and challenging topics for researchers. Indeed, the microbiota is a dynamic community undergoing changes according to dietary habits throughout the human lifespan and has a great metabolic potential to act on pharmacological targets and bioactive compounds.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.