<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2025-1-100-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-3603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Пищевые системы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Food systems</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование влияния семян чиа на реологические свойства водных растворов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the effect of chia seeds on the rheological properties of aqueous solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-9615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терёхина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engin.), assistant professor, Technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbatova.nastia@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5054-1218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktoriyakc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5043-3061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыцикова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mytsikova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmycikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6279-9324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, кафедра технологии жиров, процессов и аппаратов химических и пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Technology of fats, processes and devices of chemical and food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stitova559@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-9814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой, кафедра машин и аппаратов пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doc. Sci. (Engin.), professor, head of the department, machines and apparatuses of food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvn_1977@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Терёхина А.В., Капустина В.С., Мыцикова Д.С., Титова С.А., Василенко В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Терёхина А.В., Капустина В.С., Мыцикова Д.С., Титова С.А., Василенко В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Terekhina A.V., Kapustina V.S., Mytsikova D.S., Titova S.A., Vasilenko V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3603">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3603</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование вязкости водных растворов с семенами чиа является актуальной задачей, так как эти семена обладают уникальными функционально-технологическими свойствами. В частности, они способны образовывать вязкие гели, что делает их перспективными стабилизаторами и загустителями в пищевой промышленности. В последние годы растет интерес к использованию натуральных гидроколлоидов в качестве альтернативы синтетическим добавкам, и семена чиа привлекают внимание ученых благодаря высокому содержанию пищевых волокон и полисахаридов. В данной работе исследуются реологические свойства водных растворов с семенами чиа, которые обладают высокой гидратационной способностью и могут образовывать гелеобразные структуры. Эксперимент был направлен на изучение влияния температуры и длительности хранения на вязкость растворов, приготовленных из дроблёных и недроблёных семян. В ходе исследования были проведены измерения вязкости с использованием вибрационного вискозиметра при различных температурах. Установлено, что растворы с низкой концентрацией семян демонстрируют снижение вязкости при повышении температуры, тогда как растворы с высокой концентрацией могут проявлять как снижение, так и увеличение вязкости в зависимости от степени измельчения и времени выдержки. Повторные измерения спустя две недели показали тенденцию к стабилизации вязкости в растворах с недроблёными семенами, в то время как растворы с дроблёными семенами продемонстрировали большую изменчивость вязкостных характеристик. Долговременное хранение растворов семян чиа влияет на их реологические свойства, что важно учитывать при разработке продуктов, где гелеобразующие свойства играют ключевую роль. Полученные результаты могут быть полезны для разработки пищевых продуктов, содержащих семена чиа в качестве натуральных загустителей и стабилизаторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of the viscosity of aqueous solutions with chia seeds is an urgent task, since these seeds have unique functional and technological properties. In particular, they are capable of forming viscous gels, which makes them promising stabilizers and thickeners in the food industry. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using natural hydrocolloids as an alternative to synthetic additives, and chia seeds have attracted the attention of scientists due to their high content of dietary fiber and polysaccharides. In this paper, the rheological properties of aqueous solutions with chia seeds, which have a high hydration capacity and can form gel-like structures, are investigated. The experiment was aimed at studying the effect of temperature and storage duration on the viscosity of solutions prepared from crushed and non-crushed seeds. In the course of the study, viscosity measurements were carried out using a vibrating viscometer at various temperatures. It was found that solutions with a low concentration of seeds show a decrease in viscosity with increasing temperature, while solutions with a high concentration can exhibit both a decrease and an increase in viscosity, depending on the degree of grinding and the holding time. Repeated measurements two weeks later showed a tendency to stabilize viscosity in solutions with non-crushed seeds, while solutions with crushed seeds showed greater variability in viscosity characteristics. Long-term storage of chia seed solutions affects their rheological properties, which is important to consider when developing products where gelling properties play a key role. The results obtained can be useful for the development of food products containing chia seeds as natural thickeners and stabilizers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реологические свойства</kwd><kwd>семена чиа</kwd><kwd>вязкость раствора</kwd><kwd>натуральные загустители</kwd><kwd>натуральные стабилизаторы</kwd><kwd>гидратационная способность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheological properties</kwd><kwd>chia seeds</kwd><kwd>viscosity of the solution</kwd><kwd>natural thickeners</kwd><kwd>natural stabilizers</kwd><kwd>hydration ability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутова С.В., Панина Е.В., Васильченко Т.А. Исследование стабилизирующего действия геля чиа в пищевых эмульсиях // Технологии и товароведение сельскохозяйственной продукции. 2020. С. 62–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butova S.V., Panina E.V., Vasilchenko T.A. Investigation of the stabilizing effect of chia gel in food emulsions. Technologies and Commodity Science of Agricultural Products. 2020. pp. 62–66. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панина Е.В., Сорокина И.А., Бутова С.В. Исследование потребительских свойств майонезных соусов с функциональными ингредиентами в процессе хранения // Технологии и товароведение сельскохозяйственной продукции. 2019. С. 78–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panina E.V., Sorokina I.A., Butova S.V. Investigation of consumer properties of mayonnaise sauces with functional ingredients during storage. Technologies and Commodity Science of Agricultural Products. 2019. pp. 78–83. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елисеева Е.А., Борисова А.В. Исследование влияния семян чиа на реологические свойства теста и качество хлебобулочных изделий // Технология продовольственных продуктов. 2018. С. 102–107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliseeva E.A., Borisova A.V. Investigation of the effect of chia seeds on the rheological properties of dough and the quality of bakery products. Food Technology. 2018. pp. 102–107. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лосевская С.А., Устинова А.А. Влагоудерживающая способность семян чиа в мясной и колбасной продукции // Современные тенденции развития науки и мирового сообщества в эпоху цифровизации: сб. матер. XIX Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. Москва, 2023. С. 119–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Losevskaya S.A., Ustinova A.A. Moisture-retaining ability of chia seeds in meat and sausage products. Modern Trends in the Development of Science and the World Community in the Era of Digitalization: Proceedings of the 19th Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Moscow, 2023. pp. 119–122. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waseem Khalid, Muhammad Sajid Arshad, Afifa Aziz. Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders // Food Science &amp; Nutrition. 2023. P. 3–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waseem Khalid, Muhammad Sajid Arshad, Afifa Aziz. Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): A therapeutic weapon in metabolic disorders. Food Science &amp; Nutrition. 2023. pp. 3–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prathyusha P., Anila Kumari B., Jessie Suneetha W., Naga Sai Srujana M. Chia seeds for nutritional security // Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019. P. 2702–2707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prathyusha P., Anila Kumari B., Jessie Suneetha W., Naga Sai Srujana M. Chia seeds for nutritional security. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019. pp. 2702–2707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulczyński B., Kobus-Cisowska J., Taczanowski M., Kmiecik D. The Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Chia Seeds – Current State of Knowledge // Nutrients. 2019. P. 1–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulczyński B., Kobus-Cisowska J., Taczanowski M., Kmiecik D. The Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Chia Seeds – Current State of Knowledge. Nutrients. 2019. pp. 1–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терёхина А.В., Копылов М.В., Желтоухова Е.Ю., Матвеев А.В. Масло из семян чиа как инновационный ингредиент эмульсионных продуктов // Наука, образование и инновации для АПК: сост., пробл. и перспективы: сб. матер. VIII Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. Майкоп, 2024. P. 261–263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhina A.V., Kopylov M.V., Zheltoukhova E.Yu., Matveev A.V. Chia seed oil as an innovative ingredient in emulsion products. In: Science, Education and Innovations for the Agro-Industrial Complex: State, Problems and Prospects. Proc. 8th Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Maikop, 2024. pp. 261–263. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Остриков А.Н., Терёхина А.В. Масло из семян чиа, как продукт здорового питания // Современные аспекты производства и переработки сельскохозяйственной продукции: сб. матер. VII Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. Краснодар, 2023. P. 381–383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostrikov A.N., Terekhina A.V. Chia seed oil as a healthy food product. In: Modern Aspects of the Production and Processing of Agricultural Products: Proc. 7th Int. Sci.-Pract. Conf. Krasnodar, 2023. pp. 381–383. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terekhina A., Zheltoukhova E., Kopylov M. Analysis of fatty acid composition of functional mayonnaise sauce with pumpkin products // BIO Web of Conferences. 2024. Vol. 103. P. 00075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhina A., Zheltoukhova E., Kopylov M. Analysis of fatty acid composition of functional mayonnaise sauce with pumpkin products. BIO Web of Conferences. 2024. vol. 103. p. 00075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hrncic M.K., Ivanovski M., Cor D., Knez Z. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): An Overview Phytochemical Profile, Isolation Methods, and Application // Molecules. 2020. Vol. 25. № 1. С. 11. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hrncic M.K., Ivanovski M., Cor D., Knez Z. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): An Overview Phytochemical Profile, Isolation Methods, and Application. Molecules. 2020. vol. 25. no. 1. p. 11. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Punar A., et al. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica): Health Promoting Properties and Therapeutic Applications – A Review // BEPLS. 2023. Vol. 12. № 10. P. 508–515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Punar A., et al. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica): Health Promoting Properties and Therapeutic Applications – A Review. BEPLS. 2023. vol. 12. no. 10. pp. 508–515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikumi P., Mburu M., Njoroge D. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) – A Potential Crop for Food and Nutrition Security in Africa // Journal of Food Research. 2019. Vol. 8. № 6. P. 104–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikumi P., Mburu M., Njoroge D. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) – A Potential Crop for Food and Nutrition Security in Africa. Journal of Food Research. 2019. vol. 8. no. 6. pp. 104–118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcinek K., Krejpcio Z. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica): Health Promoting Properties and Therapeutic Applications – A Review // Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 2017. Vol. 68. № 2. P. 123–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcinek K., Krejpcio Z. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica): Health Promoting Properties and Therapeutic Applications – A Review. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 2017. vol. 68. no. 2. pp. 123–129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez F.E., et al. Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats // Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2019. Vol. 43. №/ 9. P. e12986. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.12986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez F.E., et al. Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2019. vol. 43. no. 9. art. e12986. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.12986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моргунова М.Н., Бутова С.В., Звягин А.А. Исследование влияния параметров экстракции на реологические свойства геля из семян чиа //Молодежный вектор развития аграрной науки. 2020. С. 208-213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgunova M.N., Butova S.V., Zvyagin A.A. Study of the influence of extraction parameters on the rheological properties of gel from chia seeds. Youth Vector of Development of Agricultural Science. 2020. pp. 208–213. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хатко З.Н., Титов С.А., Ашинова А.А., Колодина Е.М. Влияние комбинирования пектиновых веществ на вязкость их водных растворов. Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий. 2019. Т. 81. №.2. С. 133-138. doi: 10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-133-138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khatko Z.N., Titov S.A., Ashinova A.A., Kolodina E.M. Effect of combination of pectin substances on viscosity of their aqueous solutions. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies. 2019. vol. 81. no. 2. pp. 133–138. doi: 10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-133-138 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Padilla L. P. Viscosity of chia seed water suspension using two mixers and two approaches //Biosystems Engineering. 2021. Vol. 210. P. 60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Padilla L.P. Viscosity of chia seed water suspension using two mixers and two approaches. Biosystems Engineering. 2021. vol. 210. pp. 60–68. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen J., Wang H. A systematical review of processing characteristics of chia seed: Changes in physicochemical properties and structure // Food Bioscience. 2024. P. 103813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen J., Wang H. A systematical review of processing characteristics of chia seed: Changes in physicochemical properties and structure. Food Bioscience. 2024. no. 103813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang L., Zheng K. Extraction of mucilage polysaccharides from chia seed by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents-based three-phase partitioning system: A phase behavior-driven approach // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024. Vol. 280. P. 135913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang L., Zheng K. Extraction of mucilage polysaccharides from chia seed by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents-based three-phase partitioning system: A phase behavior-driven approach. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024. vol. 280. pp. 135913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
