<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2025-2-64-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-3656</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Пищевые системы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Food systems</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние пробиотической бактерии Bacillus subtilis на поведенческие характеристики мышей и биохимические показатели сыворотки крови при индуцированном системном воспалении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of Bacillus subtilis probiotic bacteria on behavioral characteristics of mice and serum biochemical parameters during induced systemic inflammation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7924-8027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погорелова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogorelova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с., лаборатория метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>jr. scientist, laboratory of metagenomics and food biotechnology, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubkowa.sweta@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0021-6408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиркин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirkin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, техник, лаборатория метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, technician, laboratory of metagenomics and food biotechnology, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chirkin@bio.vsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0075-9170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, м.н.с., лаборатория метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, junior researcher, laboratory of metagenomics and food biotechnology, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms.cloud00.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-0613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыромятников</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syromyatnikov</surname><given-names>M. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с., лаборатория метаге-номики и пищевых биотехнологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biolog.), leading researcher, laboratory of metagenomics and food biotechnology, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">syromyatnikov@bio.vsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-9858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с., лаборатория метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, laboratory of metagenomics and food biotechnology, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bond.vrn15@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-6482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толкачева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolkacheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с., лаборатория метагеномики и пищевых биотехнологий, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, laboratory of metagenomics and food biotechnology, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna-biotech@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государст-венный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Погорелова С.В., Чиркин Е.А., Морозова П.Д., Сыромятников М.Ю., Зверева О.В., Толкачева А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Погорелова С.В., Чиркин Е.А., Морозова П.Д., Сыромятников М.Ю., Зверева О.В., Толкачева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pogorelova S.V., Chirkin E.A., Morozova P.D., Syromyatnikov M.Y., Zvereva O.V., Tolkacheva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3656">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3656</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящее исследование было направлено на комплексную оценку влияния пробиотического штамма Bacillus subtilis на поведенческие реакции и биохимические параметры сыворотки крови мышей в условиях липополисахарид-индуцированного системного воспаления. Экспериментальная модель на животных линии C57BL/6 продемонстрировала выраженное модулирующее действие пробиотика на ключевые аспекты поведения. Введение B. subtilis привело к значительному снижению частоты актов груминга, что интерпретируется как снижение тревожности и проявление анксиолитического эффекта. Одновременно наблюдалось увеличение исследовательской активности, проявляющееся в росте количества заглядываний в норки и вертикальных стоек в тесте «Открытое поле», что свидетельствует о потенциальном позитивном влиянии на когнитивные функции. Напротив, индуцированное ЛПС воспаление вызывало подавление exploratory-активности и снижение дефекации, что отражает негативное воздействие на кишечную перистальтику и общее стрессовое состояние животных. Биохимический анализ выявил двойственность эффектов B. subtilis: на фоне поведенческого улучшения было зафиксировано статистически значимое повышение уровня мочевины в сыворотке крови, что может быть косвенно связано с перестройкой микробиома и метаболическими сдвигами. Параллельно в группе ЛПС было обнаружено снижение концентрации холестерина, вероятно, обусловленное активацией макрофагов и нарушением его синтеза. Полученные данные подчеркивают комплексный характер взаимодействия пробиотика с физиологией хозяина, указывая на необходимость дальнейшего изучения механизмов влияния B. subtilis на ось «кишечник–мозг» и метаболизм в условиях воспаления для разработки эффективных стратегий коррекции LPS-индуцированных нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis on behavioral responses and serum biochemical parameters in mice under conditions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. The experimental model using C57BL/6 mice demonstrated the probiotic's pronounced modulating effect on key behavioral aspects. The administration of B. subtilis significantly reduced the frequency of grooming acts, which is interpreted as a reduction in anxiety and a manifestation of an anxiolytic effect. Simultaneously, an increase in exploratory activity was observed, manifested by a rise in the number of hole pokes and vertical rearings in the Open Field test, indicating a potential positive impact on cognitive functions. In contrast, LPS-induced inflammation caused suppression of exploratory activity and a decrease in defecation, reflecting a negative impact on intestinal peristalsis and the general stress state of the animals. Biochemical analysis revealed a duality of B. subtilis effects: alongside behavioral improvement, a statistically significant increase in serum urea levels was recorded, which may be indirectly related to microbiome restructuring and metabolic shifts. Concurrently, a decrease in cholesterol concentration was detected in the LPS group, likely due to macrophage activation and disruption of its synthesis. The obtained data emphasize the complex nature of the interaction between the probiotic and host physiology, indicating the need for further study of the mechanisms of B. subtilis influence on the gut-brain axis and metabolism under inflammatory conditions to develop effective strategies for correcting LPS-induced disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>липополисахарид</kwd><kwd>Bacillus subtilis</kwd><kwd>тест «Открытое поле»</kwd><kwd>поведенческая активность</kwd><kwd>биохимический анализ крови</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>lipopolysaccharide</kwd><kwd>Bacillus subtilis</kwd><kwd>open field test</kwd><kwd>behavioral activity</kwd><kwd>blood biochemistry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Żółkiewicz J., Marzec A., Ruszczyński M., Feleszko W. Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics // Nutrients. 2020. Vol. 12. No. 8. P. 2189. doi: 10.3390/nu12082189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Żółkiewicz J., Marzec A., Ruszczyński M., Feleszko W. Postbiotics-A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics. Nutrients. 2020. vol. 12. no. 8. p. 2189. doi:10.3390/nu12082189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vicente-Hil S., Núñez-Ortiz N., Morel E., et al. Immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles on intestinal cells and splenocytes of rainbow trout // Frontiers in Immunology. 2024. Vol. 15. P. 1394501. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vicente-Gil S., Nuñez-Ortiz N., Morel E., Serra C.R., Docando F., Díaz-Rosales P., Tafalla C. Immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles on rainbow trout intestinal cells and splenic leukocytes. Frontiers in Immunology. 2024. vol. 15. p. 1394501. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Zhang R., Wang J., et al. A Strategy for the Efficient Production of a Novel Bacillus subtilis Postbiotic and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects // Molecules. 2025. Vol. 30. No. 10. P. 2089. doi: 10.3390/molecules30102089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Zhang R., Wang J., Abbas Z., Tong Y., Fang Y., Zhou Y., Zhang H., Li Z., Si D. et al. Efficient Production Strategy of a Novel Postbiotic Produced by Bacillus subtilis and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Molecules. 2025. vol. 30. p. 2089. doi:10.3390/molecules30102089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Domínguez-Oliva A., Hernández-Ávalos I., Martínez-Burnes J., et al. The Importance of Animal Models in Biomedical Research: Current Advances and Applications // Animals. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 7. P. 1223. doi: 10.3390/ani13071223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domínguez-Oliva A., Hernández-Ávalos I., Martínez-Burnes J., Olmos-Hernández A., Verduzco-Mendoza A., Mota-Rojas D. The Importance of Animal Models in Biomedical Research: Current Insights and Applications. Animals. 2023. vol. 13. no. 7. p. 1223. doi:10.3390/ani13071223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren Y., Zhang Y., Li S., et al. Bacteriocin production and inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 in an indirect coculture system // Preparative Biochemistry &amp; Biotechnology. 2022. Vol. 52. No. 7. P. 783–788. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1995412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren Y., Zhang Y., Li X., Gao D., Sun Y., Ping W., Ge J. Bacteriocin production and inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 in an indirect coculture system. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2022. vol. 52. no. 7. pp. 783–788. doi:10.1080/10826068.2021.1995412</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geng J., Shi Y., Zhang J., et al. TLR4 signalling via Piezo1 is a critical step in macrophage activation during bacterial infection // Scientific Reports. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 3519. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23683-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geng J., Shi Y., Zhang J., Yang B., Wang P., Yuan W., Zhao H., Li J., Qin F., Hong L., Xie C., Deng X., Sun Y., Wu C., Chen L., Zhou D. TLR4 signalling via Piezo1 engages and enhances the macrophage mediated host response during bacterial infection. Nature Communications. 2021. vol. 12. p. 3519. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23683-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laicki T., Brown M., Craning S.A., et al. LPS induces opposing inflammatory responses in murine bone marrow neutrophils // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021. Vol. 22. No. 18. P. 9803. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lajqi T., Braun M., Kranig S.A., Frommhold D., Pöschl J., Hudalla H. LPS Induces Opposing Memory-like Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021. vol. 22. no. 18. p. 9803. doi:10.3390/ijms22189803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gryaznova M.V., Burakova I.I., Smirnova Y.S., et al. The Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on the Gut Microbiota in Mice with LPS-Induced Inflammation // Microorganisms. 2024. Vol. 12. No. 7. P. 1341. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12071341.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gryaznova M., Burakova I., Smirnova Y., Morozova P., Chirkin E., Gureev A., Mikhaylov E., Korneeva O., Syromyatnikov M. Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on the Gut Microbiome of Mice with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation. Microorganisms. 2024. vol. 12. no. 7. p. 1341. doi:10.3390/microorganisms12071341</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ennaceur A. Tests of unconditioned anxiety — Pitfalls and disappointments // Physiology &amp; Behavior. 2014. Vol. 135. P. 55–71. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ennaceur A. Tests of unconditioned anxiety – pitfalls and disappointments. Physiology &amp; Behavior. 2014. vol. 135. pp. 55–71. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J., Ning H.C., Zhang C., et al. Effect of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 on the Gut Microbiota and Weight Gain in Mice // Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2023. Vol. 15. No. 3. P. 706–715. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09897-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J., Ning H.C., Zhang Q., Yue J.Q., Cao X.V., Li J.Y., Liu L., Zhao H.P., Zhao H.X. Effects of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 on Intestinal Microbiota Structure and Body Weight Gain in Mice. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2023. vol. 15. no. 3. pp. 706–715. doi:10.1007/s12602-021-09897-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seibenhener M.L., Wooten M.C. Use of the Open Field Maze to Measure Locomotor and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice // Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE). 2015. No. 96. P. e52434. doi: 10.3791/52434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seibenhener M.L., Wooten M.C. Use of the Open Field Maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2015. no. 96. p. e52434. doi:10.3791/52434</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлева О.В. (Архипова), Мулакаева А.И., Салихзянова А.Ф. и др. Влияние метаболита микробиоты – масляной кислоты на двигательную координацию, силу мышц и уровень окислительного стресса в скелетных мышцах при дисбиозе у мышей. Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова. 2023. Т. 109. № 6. С. 723–736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovleva O.V. (Arkhipova), Mullakaeva A.I., Salikhzyanova A.F. et al. Effect of Microbiota Metabolite Butyric Acid on Motor Coordination, Muscle Strength and Oxidative Stress Level in Skeletal Muscles of Mice with Dysbiosis. Russian Physiological Journal Named After I.M. Sechenov. 2023. vol. 109. no. 6. pp. 723–736. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalueff A.V., Stewart A.M., Song C., et al. Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience // Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2016. Vol. 17. No. 1. P. 45–59. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2015.8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalueff A.V., Stewart A.M., Song C. et al. Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2016. vol. 17. no. 1. pp. 45–59. doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng H.W., Jiang S., Hu J. The Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Prevents Aggression via Modulation of Serotonergic System // Gut Microbiota. 2019. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.86775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng H.W., Jiang S., Hu J. The Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic Bacillus subtilis Prevents Aggression via Modulation of Serotonergic System. Gut Microbiota. 2019. doi:10.5772/intechopen.86775</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dang E.V., McDonald J.G., Russell D.W., Cyster J.G. Oxysterol Restraint of Cholesterol Synthesis Prevents AIM2 Inflammasome Activation // Cell. 2017. Vol. 171. No. 5. P. 1057–1071.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dang E.V., McDonald J.G., Russell D.W., Cyster J.G. Oxysterol Restraint of Cholesterol Synthesis Prevents AIM2 Inflammasome Activation. Cell. 2017. vol. 171. no. 5. pp. 1057–1071. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aljumaa M.R., Alhulaifi M.M., Abudabos A.M., et al. Bacillus subtilis PB6-Based Probiotic (CloSTAT) Improves Recovery Following Necrotic Enteritis Challenge // PLOS ONE. 2020. Vol. 15. No. 6. P. e0232781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aljumaa M.R., Alhulaifi M.M., Abudabos A.M. et al. Bacillus subtilis PB6-Based Probiotic (CloSTAT) Improves Recovery Following Necrotic Enteritis Challenge. PLOS ONE. 2020. vol. 15. no. 6. p. e0232781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232781</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright J., Morland P., Wipat A., et al. Engineered ureolytic Bacillus subtilis and its potential in microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation // Access Microbiology. 2020. Vol. 2. doi: 10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright J., Morland P., Wipat A. et al. Engineered ureolytic Bacillus subtilis and its potential in microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Access Microbiology. 2020. vol. 2. doi: 10.1099/acmi.ac2020.po0143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salminen S., Collado M.C., Endo A., et al. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics // Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 2021. Vol. 18. No. 9. P. 649–667. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salminen S., Collado M.C., Endo A. et al. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 2021. vol. 18. no. 9. pp. 649–667. doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nataraj B.H., Ali S.A., Behare P.V., Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods // Microbial Cell Factories. 2020. Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 168. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nataraj B.H., Ali S.A., Behare P.V., Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microbial Cell Factories. 2020. vol. 19. no. 1. p. 168. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teame T., Wang A., Xie M., et al. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review // Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020. Vol. 7. P. 570344. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.570344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teame T., Wang A., Xie M. et al. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020. vol. 7. p. 570344. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.570344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
