<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2025-4-212-218</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-3731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Химическая технология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Fundamental and Applied chemistry, chemical technology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическое моделирование процесса получения функционализированных статистических бутадиен-стирольных сополимеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical modeling of obtaining functionalized statistical butadiene-styrene copolymers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-6582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, information and control systems department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tikhomirov_57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-6582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карманова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karmanova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., заведующий кафедрой, кафедра технологии органических соединений, переработки полимеров, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), head of department, technology of organic compounds and processings of polymers department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf-tospp@vsuet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-6210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирсова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firsova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория растворной полимеризации, ул. Менделеева, 3б, 394014 г. Воронеж, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engin.), head of the laboratory, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394014, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">firsova_alen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-9318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Битюков</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bityukov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра профессор, кафедра информационных и управляющих систем, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, information and control systems department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf-ius@vsuet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-5763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаустов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaustov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., заведующий кафедрой, кафедра информационных и управляющих систем, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), head of department, information and control systems department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf-iuws@vsuet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh state university of engineering technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский филиал НИИСК им. Академика С.В. Лебедева»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>solution polymerization laboratory Voronezh branch of the Institute named after Academician S.V. Lebedev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>87</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>218</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тихомиров С.Г., Карманова О.В., Фирсова А.В., Битюков В.К., Хаустов И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихомиров С.Г., Карманова О.В., Фирсова А.В., Битюков В.К., Хаустов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhomirov S.G., Karmanova O.V., Firsova A.V., Bityukov V.K., Khaustov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3731">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3731</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются подходы к математическому моделированию процесса синтеза бутадиен-стирольных статистических сополимеров (ДССК), полученных растворной полимеризацией в присутствии инициирующей системы «литийалкил-модификатор». Объектом исследования являлся функционализированный статистический бутадиен-стирольный каучук ДССК-2560Ф, полученный сополимеризацией бутадиена-1,3 со стиролом периодическим способом, при этом инициирующий комплекс «н-бутиллитий + модификатор» образуется в режиме in situ в присутствии мономеров. Процесс синтеза сополимера проводили при постоянной температуре. Конверсию мономеров определяли методом сухого остатка. С учетом того, что статистическое распределение стирола в сополимере определяется соотношением Ме/Li в инициирующей системе, разработана кинетическая схема процесса синтеза статистического бутадиен-стирольного каучука. Для предложенной кинетической схемы представлена система бесконечных дифференциальных уравнений. С использованием метода моментов бесконечная система уравнений сведена к конечной. С использованием полученной системы уравнений проведена оценка степени превращения мономеров, значений среднечисленной, среднемассовой молекулярной массы и коэффициента полидисперсности в зависимости от условий синтеза в периодическом процессе. Кинетические параметры модели оценены с использованием процедур нелокальной оптимизации. В результате идентификации параметров математической модели рассчитаны значения констант скоростей элементарных реакций. Получены аналитические зависимости, описывающие влияние температуры полимеризации на степень конверсии и молекулярно-массовые характеристики каучука. Разработанная математическая модель может быть использована в технологии получения растворных бутадиен-стирольных статистических сополимеров, где в качестве инициирующей системы выступают алголят натрия и н-бутиллитий. Применение разработанной математической модели позволит установить влияние технологических параметров (температуры, соотношения компонентов инициирующей системы) на молекулярно-массовые характеристики получаемого каучука.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers approaches to mathematical modeling of the synthesis of butadiene-styrene random copolymers (DSSK). These rubbers are obtained by solution polymerization in the presence of an alkyl lithium modifier initiating system. The object of the study was the functionalized random butadiene-styrene rubber DSSK-2560F. The rubber was obtained by copolymerization of butadiene-1,3 with styrene in a periodic manner. The initiating complex (n-butyl lithium + modifier) ​​is formed in situ in the presence of monomers. The synthesis temperature was constant. The conversion of monomers was determined using the dry residue method. It was taken into account that the random distribution of styrene in the copolymer is determined by the Me/Li ratio in the initiating system. A kinetic scheme for the synthesis of random butadiene-styrene rubber has been developed. A system of infinite differential equations is presented for the proposed kinetic scheme. Using the method of moments, an infinite system of equations is reduced to a finite system of equations. The degree of monomer conversion, the values ​​of the number-average and weight-average molecular weight, and the polydispersity coefficient are estimated depending on the synthesis conditions under batch conditions. The kinetic parameters of the model are estimated using nonlocal optimization procedures. The values ​​of the rate constants of elementary reactions are calculated. Analytical dependences of the effect of polymerization temperature on the degree of conversion and molecular weight characteristics of the rubber are obtained. The developed mathematical model can be used in the technology of producing solution-based butadiene-styrene random copolymers, where sodium alcoholate and n-butyl lithium act as the initiating system. Application of the developed mathematical model will allow us to determine the influence of process parameters (temperature, ratio of components of the initiating system) on the molecular weight characteristics of the resulting rubber..</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сополимеризация</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd><kwd>кинетика полимеризации</kwd><kwd>конверсия</kwd><kwd>бутадиен-стирольный каучук</kwd><kwd>модификатор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>copolymerization</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd><kwd>polymerization kinetics</kwd><kwd>conversion</kwd><kwd>styrene-butadiene rubber</kwd><kwd>modifier</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куперман Ф.Е. Новые каучуки для шин. М.: Альянс Пресс, 2005. 329 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuperman F.E. New Rubbers for Tires. Moscow: Al'yans Press, 2005. 329 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бакфиш К., Хайнц Д. Новая книга о шинах. Справочное издание. М.: Издательство Астрель, 2003. 303 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakfish K., Hajnc D. New Book about Tires. Reference Edition. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Astrel', 2003. 303 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber Market Size, Share, Growth, and Industry Analysis, By Type (Oil-filled, Non-oil Filled), By Application (Tires, Footwear, Polymer Modification, Adhesives &amp; Sealants, Others), Regional Insights and Forecast to 2037. URL: https://www.industryresearch.biz/enquiry/request-sample/100788 (дата обращения: 06.03.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber Market Size, Share, Growth, and Industry Analysis, By Type (Oil-filled, Non-oil Filled), By Application (Tires, Footwear, Polymer Modification, Adhesives &amp; Sealants, Others), Regional Insights and Forecast to 2037. Available at: https://www.industryresearch.biz/enquiry/request-sample/100788 (accessed: 06.03.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansari A., Mohanty T.R., Ramakrishnan S. et al. Design of Silyl Functionalized Emulsion SBR and its Application in Green Tire // Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research. 2025. V. 64. № 7. P. 3795–3809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansari A., Mohanty T.R., Ramakrishnan S. et al. Design of Silyl Functionalized Emulsion SBR and its Application in Green Tire. Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research. 2025. vol. 64. no. 7. pp. 3795–3809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кротова О.А., Белоблоцкая Н.Г. Упруго-гистерезисные свойства протекторных резин с кремнекислотными наполнителями // Китайско-российский конкурс инноваций и предпринимательства-2020, Юго-Западный регион: сб. материалов. 2021. С. 121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krotova O.A., Beloblotskaya N.G. Elastic-Hysteresis Properties of Tread Rubbers with Silica Fillers. In: Sino-Russian Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition-2020, Southwest Region: Collection of Materials. 2021. p. 121. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карманова О.В., Шутилин Ю.Ф. Вулканизирующие системы в рецептуре резин на основе смесей каучуков // Инженерные технологии. 2024. С. 71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karmanova O.V., Shutilin Yu.F. Vulcanizing Systems in Rubber Formulations Based on Rubber Blends. Engineering Technologies. 2024. p. 71. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердников В.В., Карманова О.В., Фирсова А.В. Исследование свойств модифицированных бутадиен-стирольных каучуков для шинной промышленности // Технология органических веществ: мат. 89-й науч.-техн. конф. профес.-препод. состава, науч. сотрудников и аспирантов (с междунар. участием), Минск, 3-18 февраля 2025 г. Минск: БГТУ, 2025. С. 146–148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdnikov V.V., Karmanova O.V., Firsova A.V. Investigation of the Properties of Modified Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers for the Tire Industry. In: Technology of Organic Substances: Proceedings of the 89th Scientific and Technical Conference of Faculty, Researchers, and Postgraduates (with international participation), Minsk, February 3–18, 2025. Minsk: BSTU, 2025. pp. 146–148. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлова Т.А., Мустафина С.А. Компьютерное моделирование процесса синтеза бутадиен-стирольного каучука: влияние подачи регулятора на характеристики продукта // Тонкие химические технологии. 2024. Т. 19. № 6. С. 555–564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailova T.A., Mustafina S.A. Computer Modeling of the Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Synthesis Process: The Effect of Regulator Feed on Product Characteristics. Fine Chemical Technologies. 2024. vol. 19. no. 6. pp. 555–564. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid F. Understanding and modeling polymers: The challenge of multiple scales // ACS Polymers Au. 2022. V. 3. № 1. P. 28–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid F. Understanding and modeling polymers: The challenge of multiple scales. ACS Polymers Au. 2022. vol. 3. no. 1. pp. 28–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мифтахов Э.Н., Михайлова Т.А., Мустафина С.А. Моделирование процессов синтеза полимеров с целью оценки молекулярно-массового распределения // Вестник МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана. Сер. Естественные науки. 2024. № 5 (116). С. 110–126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miftakhov E.N., Mikhailova T.A., Mustafina S.A. Modeling of Polymer Synthesis Processes to Assess Molecular Weight Distribution. Bulletin of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2024. no. 5 (116). pp. 110–126. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федосеев М.С., Державинская Л.Ф. Теплостойкие полимеры и композиты на основе эпоксидных связующих различной химической природы // Вестник Пермского ФИЦ. 2022. № 2. С. 17–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedoseev M.S., Derzhavinskaya L.F. Heat-Resistant Polymers and Composites Based on Epoxy Binders of Various Chemical Nature. Bulletin of the Perm Federal Research Center. 2022. no. 2. pp. 17–26. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сарасеко Е.Г. Краткий справочник по основным понятиям органической и специальной химии // Инновационное развитие науки: фундаментальные и прикладные проблемы. 2020. С. 287–356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saraseko E.G. Brief Guide to Basic Concepts of Organic and Special Chemistry. In: Innovative Development of Science: Fundamental and Applied Problems. 2020. pp. 287–356. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгоплоск Б.А., Тинякова Е.И. Металлоорганический катализ в процессах полимеризации. М.: Наука, 1982. 511 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgoplosk B.A., Tinyakova E.I. Organometallic Catalysis in Polymerization Processes. Moscow: Nauka, 1982. 511 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кафаров В.В., Ветохин В.Н., Тихомиров С.Г. Моделирование кинетики процесса полимеризации полиизопренового каучука // Доклады Академии наук СССР. 1989. Т. 305. № 6. С. 1425–1429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kafarov V.V., Vetokhin V.N., Tikhomirov S.G. Modeling the Kinetics of Polyisoprene Rubber Polymerization Process. Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1989. vol. 305. no. 6. pp. 1425–1429. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мифтахов Э.Н., Кубряк А.И., Мустафина С.А. и др. Исследование физико-химических закономерностей процессов синтеза полимеров методами математического моделирования // Материалы докладов XXVIII науч.-практ. конф. «Резиновая промышленность: сырье, материалы, технологии». Москва, 2023. С. 35–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miftakhov E.N., Kubryak A.I., Mustafina S.A. et al. Study of Physicochemical Regularities of Polymer Synthesis Processes by Mathematical Modeling Methods. In: Materials of the XXVIII Scientific and Practical Conference "Rubber Industry: Raw Materials, Materials, Technologies". Moscow, 2023. pp. 35–37. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kashnikova A., Miftakhov E., Ivanov D. Modeling and Optimization of Butadiene–Styrene Copolymerization Using a Kinetic Approach and a Genetic Algorithm // 2025 7th International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2025. P. 112–116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashnikova A., Miftakhov E., Ivanov D. Modeling and Optimization of Butadiene–Styrene Copolymerization Using a Kinetic Approach and a Genetic Algorithm. In: 2025 7th International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2025. pp. 112–116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bronskaya V., Smirnova L., Matyukhina A. et al. Copolymerization of butadiene and styrene under the influence of N-butyllithium // Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2023. V. 16. № 11. P. 105205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bronskaya V., Smirnova L., Matyukhina A. et al. Copolymerization of butadiene and styrene under the influence of N-butyllithium. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2023. vol. 16. no. 11. article 105205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Datta S., Kao N., Bhaskar T. et al. Mathematical function using mechanical properties to calculate chain scission as a function of radiation dose in electron beam treated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer // Express Polymer Letters. 2024. V. 18. № 9. doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Datta S., Kao N., Bhaskar T. et al. Mathematical function using mechanical properties to calculate chain scission as a function of radiation dose in electron beam treated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer. Express Polymer Letters. 2024. vol. 18. no. 9. [Online first]. doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rentería-Baltiérrez F.Y., Reyes-Melo M.E., Martínez-González C.L. et al. Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene: Fractional Calculus Modeling and Statistical Optimization // Polymers. 2025. V. 17. № 12. P. 1650. doi: 10.3390/polym17121650</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rentería-Baltiérrez F.Y., Reyes-Melo M.E., Martínez-González C.L. et al. Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene: Fractional Calculus Modeling and Statistical Optimization. Polymers. 2025. vol. 17. no. 12. article 1650. doi: 10.3390/polym17121650.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miftakhov E., Mustafina S., Akimov A. Application of Heuristic Methods for Polymer Synthesis Process Optimization // Journal of Engineering. 2024. V. 2024. № 1. P. 5900477. doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miftakhov E., Mustafina S., Akimov A. Application of Heuristic Methods for Polymer Synthesis Process Optimization. Journal of Engineering. 2024. vol. 2024. no. 1. article 5900477. doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pianese G., Milani G., Milani F. Kinetic mathematical model with induction and reversion for the vulcanization of natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer blend // Polymer Testing. 2024. V. 131. P. 108339. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108339</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pianese G., Milani G., Milani F. Kinetic mathematical model with induction and reversion for the vulcanization of natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer blend. Polymer Testing. 2024. vol. 131. article 108339. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-Guadarrama L. Modeling of batch production of high vinyl styrene/butadiene copolymers for high performance tires // Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2020. V. 137. № 45. P. 49415. doi: 10.1002/app.49415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-Guadarrama L. Modeling of batch production of high vinyl styrene/butadiene copolymers for high performance tires. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2020. vol. 137. no. 45. article 49415. doi: 10.1002/app.49415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Li R., Qiao J. Study on the diffusion behaviour of styrene-butadiene rubber modifier and asphalt components based on molecular dynamics simulation // Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2024. V. 25. № 10. P. 2225–2241. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2024.2302806</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Li R., Qiao J. Study on the diffusion behaviour of styrene-butadiene rubber modifier and asphalt components based on molecular dynamics simulation. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2024. vol. 25. no. 10. pp. 2225–2241. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2024.2302806.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
