vguitВестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологийProceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies2226-910X2310-1202VSUET10.20914/2310-1202-2026-1-169-175vguit-3758Research ArticleПищевые системыFood systemsОптимизация параметров экстракции биологически активных веществ из корня солодки методом планирования эксперимента по Боксу-БенкенуOptimization of extraction parameters of biologically active substances from licorice root using the Box-Behnken experimental design methodhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-8424-1053БаязитовК. Р.BayazitovK. R.

аспирант, факультет биотехнологий, Кронверкский пр., д. 49, лит. А., г. Санкт-Петербург, 197101, Россия

PhD Student, Faculty of Biotechnology, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia

kamilbayazitov037@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-5916ЯковченкоН. В.IakovchenkoN. V.

к.т.н., доцент, факультет биотехнологий, Кронверкский пр., д. 49, лит. А., г. Санкт-Петербург, 197101, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, Faculty of Biotechnology, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia

nviakovchenko@itmo.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-0005-6597АнцыпероваМ. А.AntsyperovaM. А.

к.т.н., доцент, факультет биотехнологий, Кронверкский пр., д. 49, лит. А., г. Санкт-Петербург, 197101, Россия

Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, Faculty of Biotechnology, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia

antsyperova@itmo.ruНациональный исследовательский университет ИТМОITMO University202601042026881169175Copyright © Баязитов К.Р., Яковченко Н.В., Анцыперова М.А., 20262026Баязитов К.Р., Яковченко Н.В., Анцыперова М.А.Bayazitov K.R., Iakovchenko N.V., Antsyperova M.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3758

Корень солодки (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) является ценным лекарственным сырьем, содержащим комплекс биологически активных веществ с антиоксидантной активностью. Оптимизация процесса экстракции позволяет повысить эффективность извлечения целевых компонентов. Целью исследования является определение оптимальных параметров экстракции для максимального извлечения фенольных соединений и достижения высокой антиоксидантной активности экстрактов корня солодки. Для оптимизации процесса экстракции использован метод планирования эксперимента по Боксу-Бенкену с тремя факторами: продолжительность экстракции (60-120 мин), гидромодуль (1:10-1:30) и температура (50-70°C). В качестве откликов определяли антиоксидантную активность методом DPPH (АОА, %), содержание общих фенольных соединений методом Фолина-Чокалтеу (ОФС, мг ГК/г) и выход сухого вещества (СВ, %). Статистическая обработка данных проведена с построением математических моделей зависимости откликов от варьируемых факторов. Получены уравнения регрессии, описывающие зависимость антиоксидантной активности, содержания фенольных соединений и выхода сухого вещества от параметров экстракции. Установлено, что наибольшее влияние на все исследуемые отклики оказывает гидромодуль. Для антиоксидантной активности (Y1) и выхода сухого вещества (Y3) определяющими являются линейный и квадратичный члены гидромодуля. Содержание общих фенолов (Y2) зависит от продолжительности экстракции, гидромодуля и взаимодействия гидромодуля и температуры экстракции. Максимальная антиоксидантная активность (16,4%) и наибольший выход сухого вещества (3,05%) достигаются при продолжительности экстракции 120 мин, гидромодуле 1:10 и температуре 60°C. Методом планирования эксперимента по Боксу-Бенкену определены оптимальные параметры экстракции биологически активных веществ из корня солодки. Полученные математические модели позволяют прогнозировать качественные характеристики экстрактов в зависимости от условий процесса. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки технологии получения стандартизованных экстрактов солодки с заданными свойствами.

Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a valuable medicinal raw material containing a complex of biologically active substances with antioxidant activity. Optimization of the extraction process allows to increase the efficiency of target components extraction. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal extraction parameters for maximum extraction of phenolic compounds and achieving high antioxidant activity of licorice root extracts. The Box-Behnken experimental design method with three factors was used to optimize the extraction process: extraction time (60-120 min), hydromodulus (1:10-1:30), and temperature (50-70°C). As responses, antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method (FRSA, %), total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method (TPC, mg GAE/g), and dry matter yield (DM, %). Statistical data processing was performed with construction of mathematical models of response dependence on variable factors. Regression equations describing the dependence of antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and dry matter yield on extraction parameters were obtained. It was found that hydromodulus has the greatest influence on all studied responses. For antioxidant activity (Y1) and dry matter yield (Y3), the linear and quadratic terms of hydromodulus are determining. Total phenolic content (Y2) depends on extraction time, hydromodulus, and their interaction. Maximum antioxidant activity (16.4%) and highest dry matter yield (3.05%) are achieved at extraction time of 120 min, hydromodulus 1:10, and temperature 60°C. Optimal parameters for extraction of biologically active substances from licorice root were determined by experimental design method. The obtained mathematical models allow predicting qualitative characteristics of extracts depending on process conditions. The research results can be used for developing technology for obtaining standardized licorice extracts with specified properties.

солодкаGlycyrrhiza glabra L.экстракцияпланирование экспериментаБокс-Бенкенантиоксидантная активностьDPPHфенольные соединенияоптимизацияlicoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra L.extractionexperimental designBox-Behnkenantioxidant activityDPPHphenolic compoundsoptimizationУниверситет ИТМОReferencesSamani B.H., Sharifi A., Jamshidi-kia F. et al. Advanced extraction of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract using a combined ultrasonic and cold plasma reactor // Scientific Reports. 2025. V. 15. Art. 9994. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94781-wSamani B.H., Sharifi A., Jamshidi-kia F. et al. Advanced extraction of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract using a combined ultrasonic and cold plasma reactor. Scientific Reports. 2025. vol. 15. article 9994. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94781-w.Ciganović P., Jakimiuk K., Tomczyk M., Zovko Končić S. Glycerolic licorice extracts as active cosmeceutical ingredients: extraction optimization, chemical characterization, and biological activity // Antioxidants. 2024. V. 8. № 10. Art. 445. doi: 10.3390/antiox8100445Ciganović P., Jakimiuk K., Tomczyk M., Zovko Končić S. Glycerolic licorice extracts as active cosmeceutical ingredients: extraction optimization, chemical characterization, and biological activity. Antioxidants. 2024. vol. 8. no. 10. article 445. doi: 10.3390/antiox8100445.Liang Y., Wen Q., Yang Z. et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using response surface methodology and development of a green analytical method // Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. 2024. V. 37. Art. 101385. doi: 10.1016/j.scp.2023.101385Liang Y., Wen Q., Yang Z. et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using response surface methodology and development of a green analytical method. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. 2024. vol. 37. article 101385. doi: 10.1016/j.scp.2023.101385.Semenescu I., Avram S., Similie D. et al. Phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and safety profile of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract obtained from Romania // Plants. 2024. V. 13. № 23. Art. 3265. doi: 10.3390/plants13233265Semenescu I., Avram S., Similie D. et al. Phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and safety profile of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract obtained from Romania. Plants. 2024. vol. 13. no. 23. article 3265. doi: 10.3390/plants13233265.Yin H., Zhang Y., Hu T. et al. Optimization of cellulase-assisted extraction of total flavonoids via response surface methodology based on antioxidant activity // Processes. 2023. V. 11. № 7. Art. 1978. doi: 10.3390/pr11071978Yin H., Zhang Y., Hu T. et al. Optimization of cellulase-assisted extraction of total flavonoids via response surface methodology based on antioxidant activity. Processes. 2023. vol. 11. no. 7. article 1978. doi: 10.3390/pr11071978.Abdelrahman A.M.E., Babiker E.E., Al-Juhaimi F.Y. et al. Response surface methodology optimization of microwave and pulsed electric field pretreatments for enhancing bioactive properties of licorice stem powder // LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2025. Art. 118282. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118282Abdelrahman A.M.E., Babiker E.E., Al-Juhaimi F.Y. et al. Response surface methodology optimization of microwave and pulsed electric field pretreatments for enhancing bioactive properties of licorice stem powder. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2025. article 118282. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118282.Ayanglaa N.W., Kumara V., Guptab R.C. et al. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network modelling for optimization of solid-liquid extraction and rapid HPTLC analysis of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra root // South African Journal of Botany. 2022. V. 148. P. 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.03.045Ayanglaa N.W., Kumara V., Guptab R.C. et al. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network modelling for optimization of solid-liquid extraction and rapid HPTLC analysis of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra root. South African Journal of Botany. 2022. vol. 148. pp. 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.03.045.Qin R., Song J., Wang Q. et al. Optimal extraction of antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolic acids from the leaves of Apocynum venetum L. by response surface methodology with integrated chemical profiles and bioactivity evaluation // Molecules. 2025. V. 30. № 19. Art. 4006. doi: 10.3390/molecules30194006Qin R., Song J., Wang Q. et al. Optimal extraction of antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolic acids from the leaves of Apocynum venetum L. by response surface methodology with integrated chemical profiles and bioactivity evaluation. Molecules. 2025. vol. 30. no. 19. article 4006. doi: 10.3390/molecules30194006.Mašković J.M., Jakovljević V., Živković V. et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from Satureja hortensis L. and antioxidant activity: response surface methodology approach // Processes. 2024. V. 12. № 9. Art. 2042. doi: 10.3390/pr12092042Mašković J.M., Jakovljević V., Živković V. et al. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from Satureja hortensis L. and antioxidant activity: response surface methodology approach. Processes. 2024. vol. 12. no. 9. article 2042. doi: 10.3390/pr12092042.Xiang Q., Wang J., Tao K. et al. Optimization of phenolic-enriched extracts from olive leaves via ball milling-assisted extraction using response surface methodology // Molecules. 2024. V. 29. № 15. Art. 3658. doi: 10.3390/molecules29153658Xiang Q., Wang J., Tao K. et al. Optimization of phenolic-enriched extracts from olive leaves via ball milling-assisted extraction using response surface methodology. Molecules. 2024. vol. 29. no. 15. article 3658. doi: 10.3390/molecules29153658.ОФС.1.4.1.0021. Экстракты // Государственная фармакопея Российской Федерации. XV изд. М., 2023.OFS.1.4.1.0021. Extracts. In: State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. XV ed. Moscow, 2023. (in Russian).Страшко Н.И. Проблемы бутилированной питьевой воды в России // Актуальные проблемы социально-экономического развития общества: сб. тр. по мат. V Национальной науч.-практ. конф. Керчь, 2023. С. 151–154.Strashko N.I. Problems of Bottled Drinking Water in Russia. In: Current Problems of Socio-Economic Development of Society: Collection of Works based on the Materials of the V National Scientific and Practical Conference. Kerch, 2023. pp. 151–154. (in Russian).Cocîrlea M.D., Simionescu N., Călin T. et al. Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of Rhus typhina Fruits // Applied Sciences. 2024. V. 14. № 23. Art. 11096. doi: 10.3390/app142311096Cocîrlea M.D., Simionescu N., Călin T. et al. Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioactive and Cytotoxic Properties of Rhus typhina Fruits. Applied Sciences. 2024. vol. 14. no. 23. article 11096. doi: 10.3390/app142311096.Пасичник Е.Ю., Цветов Н.С. Особенности применения методов определения общего содержания биологически активных веществ (полифенолов и флавоноидов, общей антиоксидантной активности) в присутствии глубоких эвтектических растворителей // Труды Кольского научного центра РАН. Серия: Технические науки. 2022. № 1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-primeneniya-metodov-opredeleniya-obschego-soderzhaniya-biologicheski-aktivnyh-veschestv-polifenolov-i-flavonoidov (дата обращения: 06.02.2026).Pasichnik E.Yu., Tsvetov N.S. Features of the Application of Methods for Determining the Total Content of Biologically Active Substances (Polyphenols and Flavonoids, Total Antioxidant Activity) in the Presence of Deep Eutectic Solvents. Proceedings of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Series: Technical Sciences. 2022. no. 1. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-primeneniya-metodov-opredeleniya-obschego-soderzhaniya-biologicheski-aktivnyh-veschestv-polifenolov-i-flavonoidov (accessed: 06.02.2026) (in Russian).Mauer L.J. Moisture and Total Solids Analysis // Ismail B.P., Nielsen S.S. (eds) Nielsen's Food Analysis. Food Science Text Series. Cham: Springer, 2024. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50643-7_15Mauer L.J. Moisture and Total Solids Analysis. In: Ismail B.P., Nielsen S.S. (eds.) Nielsen's Food Analysis. Food Science Text Series. Cham: Springer, 2024. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-50643-7_15.Chen X., Cui W.Q., Zhang Y. et al. Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of glabridin and isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza glabra: Optimization, extraction mechanism and in vitro bioactivities // Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2022. V. 83. Art. 105946. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105946Chen X., Cui W.Q., Zhang Y. et al. Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of glabridin and isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza glabra: Optimization, extraction mechanism and in vitro bioactivities. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2022. vol. 83. article 105946. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105946.Karaogul E., Nedjip G. RSM-Based Optimization of Bioactive Extraction and Characterization from Olea europaea Leaves: Antioxidant and Phenolic Profile by LC–MS/MS // Food Analytical Methods. 2025. V. 18. P. 776–797. doi: 10.1007/s12161-024-02734-2Karaogul E., Nedjip G. RSM-Based Optimization of Bioactive Extraction and Characterization from Olea europaea Leaves: Antioxidant and Phenolic Profile by LC–MS/MS. Food Analytical Methods. 2025. vol. 18. pp. 776–797. doi: 10.1007/s12161-024-02734-2.Zhang Q., Liu N., Zhou Q. et al. Optimization of Total Triterpenoids Extraction from Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity // Sugar Tech. 2025. V. 27. P. 2000–2012. doi: 10.1007/s12355-025-01634-xZhang Q., Liu N., Zhou Q. et al. Optimization of Total Triterpenoids Extraction from Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity. Sugar Tech. 2025. vol. 27. pp. 2000–2012. doi: 10.1007/s12355-025-01634-x.Aydar A.Y., Aydın T., Karabaş E. et al. Optimizing freeze-drying parameters for enhanced bioactive compound encapsulation in olive seed extracts // Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2026. V. 20. P. 918–930. doi: 10.1007/s11694-025-03696-7Aydar A.Y., Aydın T., Karabaş E. et al. Optimizing freeze-drying parameters for enhanced bioactive compound encapsulation in olive seed extracts. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2026. vol. 20. pp. 918–930. doi: 10.1007/s11694-025-03696-7.Turgay Ö., Çelik E., Güler N., Akgönen Ş. Application of Box-Behnken Experimental Design Method in Licorice Extraction // Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024. V. 17. Özel Sayı (1). P. 45–50. doi: 10.47027/duvetfd.1486962Turgay Ö., Çelik E., Güler N., Akgönen Ş. Application of Box-Behnken Experimental Design Method in Licorice Extraction. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024. vol. 17. Özel Sayı (1). pp. 45–50. doi: 10.47027/duvetfd.1486962.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.