<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2026-1-107-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-3780</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Пищевые системы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Food systems</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование процесса сушки термолабильных продуктов с использованием теплонасосных технологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the drying process of thermolabile products using heat pump technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-8688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дранников</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drannikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра машин и аппаратов пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, machines and apparatus of food technologies department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drannikov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домбровская</surname><given-names>Я. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dombrovskaia</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент, кафедра машин и аппаратов пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engin.), assistant professor, machines and apparatus of food technologies department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana_dombrovskaya@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1798-2567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухоруков</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhorukov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, кафедра машин и аппаратов пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student, machines and apparatus of food technologies department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suxorukov99.99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3133-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулигин</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuligin</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, кафедра машин и аппаратов пищевых производств, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, machines and apparatus of food technologies department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuligin470@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государст-венный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дранников А.В., Домбровская Я.П., Сухоруков Е.М., Кулигин Д.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дранников А.В., Домбровская Я.П., Сухоруков Е.М., Кулигин Д.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drannikov A.V., Dombrovskaia I.P., Sukhorukov E.M., Kuligin D.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3780">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3780</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлена схема и принцип действия энергоэффективной сушильной установки с применением теплонасосной технологии с рециркуляцией и очисткой воздуха, которая ориентирована на получение пророщенных семян льна, покрытых термочувствительной оболочкой на основе растительного глицерина. Актуальность работы обусловлена специфическими требованиями к режиму сушки таких продуктов как пророщенные семена льна, обладающие высоким содержанием витаминов, антиоксидантов и полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (особенно омега-3). Деликатная структура проростков и чувствительная оболочка требуют предельной осторожности при термической обработке. Авторами представлены оптимальные режимные параметры процесса сушки данного продукта, позволяющие достичь высокой эффективности проведения процесса и его экологической целесообразности. При этом экономия удельных энергоресурсов может доходить до 70 % за счет применения теплонасосных технологий, обеспечивающих извлечения тепла из отработанного воздуха (который обычно выбрасывается в атмосферу) и передачи его свежему воздуху, который подготавливают к процессу сушки. Кроме этого, были проведены исследования по определению оптимального коэффициента рециркуляции (КР) отработанного воздуха. Было выявлено, что настройка КР в диапазоне 55-65 % является оптимальной, обеспечивая пиковую энергоэффективность и сохранение стабильности кипящего слоя. В ходе изучения результатов эксперимента по сушке дражированных семян льна на представленной установке, а также на основании параметрического моделирования процесса авторами сделан вывод о том, что необходим постоянный контроль и регулирование параметров процесса в автоматическом режиме за счет мониторинга изменений показателей свежего воздуха. Таким образом, представленная установка и технология сушки позволяет не только существенно снизить энергозатраты предприятия, но и обеспечивает высокую скорость и равномерность сушки продукта, что критически важно для сохранения его биологической ценности и товарного вида.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the scheme and principle of operation of an energy-efficient drying unit using heat pump technology with recirculation and air purification, which is focused on obtaining germinated flax seeds coated with a thermosensitive shell based on vegetable glycerin. The relevance of the work is due to the specific requirements for the drying regime of products such as sprouted flax seeds, which have a high content of vitamins, antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially omega-3). The delicate structure of the seedlings and the sensitive shell require extreme care during heat treatment. The authors present the optimal operating parameters of the drying process of this product, which make it possible to achieve high efficiency of the process and its environmental expediency. At the same time, savings in specific energy resources can reach up to 70% due to the use of heat pump technologies that extract heat from exhaust air (which is usually released into the atmosphere) and transfer it to fresh air, which is prepared for the drying process. In addition, studies have been conducted to determine the optimal exhaust air recirculation coefficient. It was found that the control panel setting in the range of 55-65% is optimal, providing peak energy efficiency and maintaining fluidized bed stability. During the study of the results of the experiment on drying drained flax seeds on the presented installation, as well as on the basis of parametric modeling of the process, the authors concluded that constant monitoring and regulation of the process parameters is necessary in automatic mode by monitoring changes in fresh air parameters. Thus, the presented drying installation and technology allows not only to significantly reduce the energy consumption of the enterprise, but also ensures high speed and uniformity of drying of the product, which is critically important for preserving its biological value and presentation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сушка</kwd><kwd>теплонасосная установка</kwd><kwd>лён</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drying</kwd><kwd>heat pump unit</kwd><kwd>flax</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевцов А.А., Ткач В.В. Вычислительный эксперимент в создании системы виртуального проектирования барабанных сушилок с тепловым насосом // Вестник ВГУИТ. 2024. Т. 86. № 3. С. 15–23. doi: 10.20914/2310-1202-2024-3-15-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevtsov A.A., Tkach V.V. Computational Experiment in the Creation of a Virtual Design System for Drum Dryers with a Heat Pump. Bulletin of VSUET. 2024. vol. 86. no. 3. pp. 15–23. doi: 10.20914/2310-1202-2024-3-15-23 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.А. Направления развития энергосбережения при вакуумной сушке растительных материалов // Вестник Международной академии холода. 2024. № 4. С. 32–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rumyantsev A.A. Directions for the Development of Energy Saving in Vacuum Drying of Plant Materials. Bulletin of the International Academy of Refrigeration. 2024. no. 4. pp. 32–38. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихомиров Д.А., Хименко А.В., Кузьмичев А.В. Повышение энергоэффективности сушильной установки за счет применения термоэлектрических модулей // Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии. 2024. Т. 18. № 2. С. 68–77. doi: 10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-2-68-77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhomirov D.A., Khimenko A.V., Kuzmichev A.V. Increasing the Energy Efficiency of a Drying Unit by Using Thermoelectric Modules. Agricultural Machinery and Technologies. 2024. vol. 18. no. 2. pp. 68–77. doi: 10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-2-68-77 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khare B., Sangwan V., Rani V. Influence of sprouting on proximate composition, dietary fiber, nutrient availability, antinutrient, and antioxidant activity of flaxseed varieties // Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 2021. V. 45. № 4. P. e15344. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.15344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khare B., Sangwan V., Rani V. Influence of sprouting on proximate composition, dietary fiber, nutrient availability, antinutrient, and antioxidant activity of flaxseed varieties. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 2021. vol. 45. no. 4. article e15344. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.15344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байда Б.Ю. Эксергетическое и энергетическое исследование потенциала применения парокомпрессионного теплового насоса для утилизации бросовой теплоты пищевой промышленности // 65 лет ДонГТИ. Наука и практика. Актуальные вопросы и инновации. 2022. С. 202–205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baida B.Yu. Exergetic and Energy Study of the Potential of Using a Vapor Compression Heat Pump for Waste Heat Recovery in the Food Industry. In: 65 Years of Donetsk State Technical Institute. Science and Practice. Current Issues and Innovations. 2022. pp. 202–205. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дадиомов Р.Ю., Шумихин А.Г., Корнилицин Д.К. Существующие подходы к автоматизации процесса сушки материалов в режиме кипящего слоя // Инженерный вестник Дона. 2022. № 5 (89). С. 118–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dadiomov R.Yu., Shumikhin A.G., Kornilitsin D.K. Existing Approaches to Automation of the Material Drying Process in a Fluidized Bed Mode. Engineering Bulletin of the Don. 2022. no. 5 (89). pp. 118–129. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дранников А.В., Сухоруков Е.М. К вопросу применения процесса дражирования для пророщенных семян льна // Техническое обеспечение инновационных технологий в АПК: сб. науч. ст. Междунар. науч.-практ. конф., Минск, 30–31 октября 2025 г. Минск: БГАТУ, 2025. С. 298–301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drannikov A.V., Sukhorukov E.M. On the Issue of Using the Dragee-Making Process for Germinated Flax Seeds. In: Technical Support for Innovative Technologies in the Agro-Industrial Complex: Collection of Scientific Articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Minsk, October 30–31, 2025. Minsk: BSATU, 2025. pp. 298–301. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar M., Sharma A., Singh O. Energy, exergy and environmental analysis of heat pump drying systems: A critical review // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024. V. 434. P. 139876. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139876</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar M., Sharma A., Singh O. Energy, exergy and environmental analysis of heat pump drying systems: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024. vol. 434. article 139876. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joo Y., Chang S., Kim S.I., Oh S. Effect of drying kinetics model on energy efficiency of drying systems // Energy. 2024. V. 291. P. 130390. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.130390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joo Y., Chang S., Kim S.I., Oh S. Effect of drying kinetics model on energy efficiency of drying systems. Energy. 2024. vol. 291. article 130390. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.130390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Wang X., Chen Z. Microencapsulation of germinated flaxseed extracts: Optimization of coating materials and drying conditions // Food Chemistry. 2024. V. 432. P. 137221. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Wang X., Chen Z. Microencapsulation of germinated flaxseed extracts: Optimization of coating materials and drying conditions. Food Chemistry. 2024. vol. 432. article 137221. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez-Villaluenga C., Peñas E., Frias J. Germinated grains: A comprehensive review on nutritional profile, health benefits and processing // Food Research International. 2023. V. 164. P. 112345. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112345</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez-Villaluenga C., Peñas E., Frias J. Germinated grains: A comprehensive review on nutritional profile, health benefits and processing. Food Research International. 2023. vol. 164. article 112345. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112345.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaveh M., Abbaspour-Gilandeh Y., Nowacka M. Comparison of different drying techniques and their carbon emissions in green peas // Chemical Engineering and Processing – Process Intensification. 2021. V. 160. P. 108274. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2020.108274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaveh M., Abbaspour-Gilandeh Y., Nowacka M. Comparison of different drying techniques and their carbon emissions in green peas. Chemical Engineering and Processing – Process Intensification. 2021. vol. 160. article 108274. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2020.108274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bangar S.P., Singh A., Trif M. et al. Process Parameter Optimization and Characterization for an Edible Film: Flaxseed Concern // Coatings. 2021. V. 11. № 9. P. 1106. doi: 10.3390/coatings11091106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bangar S.P., Singh A., Trif M. et al. Process Parameter Optimization and Characterization for an Edible Film: Flaxseed Concern. Coatings. 2021. vol. 11. no. 9. article 1106. doi: 10.3390/coatings11091106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregório M.G., Queiroz A.J.M., Figueirêdo R.M.F. et al. Influence of germination on the production of starchy and oleaginous flours: Evaluation of the drying process, thermodynamic properties and bioactive compounds // Applied Food Research. 2025. V. 5. № 2. P. 101096. doi: 10.1016/j.afres.2025.101096</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gregório M.G., Queiroz A.J.M., Figueirêdo R.M.F. et al. Influence of germination on the production of starchy and oleaginous flours: Evaluation of the drying process, thermodynamic properties and bioactive compounds. Applied Food Research. 2025. vol. 5. no. 2. article 101096. doi: 10.1016/j.afres.2025.101096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Q., Liu Y., Wang H. Recent advances in cyclone separators for fine particle collection: A review // Powder Technology. 2024. V. 434. P. 119321. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.119321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Q., Liu Y., Wang H. Recent advances in cyclone separators for fine particle collection: A review. Powder Technology. 2024. vol. 434. article 119321. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.119321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaveh M., Abbaspour-Gilandeh Y., Nadimi M. et al. Review of advanced drying techniques: a path to lower greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture // Discover Sustainability. 2025. V. 6. P. 423. doi: 10.1007/s43621-025-01217-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaveh M., Abbaspour-Gilandeh Y., Nadimi M. et al. Review of advanced drying techniques: a path to lower greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. Discover Sustainability. 2025. vol. 6. article 423. doi: 10.1007/s43621-025-01217-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dehghan-Manshadi A., Peighambardoust S.H., Azadmard-Damirchi S., Niakousari M. Effect of infrared-assisted spouted bed drying of flaxseed on the quality characteristics of its oil extracted by different methods // Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020. V. 100. № 1. P. 74–80. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9995</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dehghan-Manshadi A., Peighambardoust S.H., Azadmard-Damirchi S., Niakousari M. Effect of infrared-assisted spouted bed drying of flaxseed on the quality characteristics of its oil extracted by different methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020. vol. 100. no. 1. pp. 74–80. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусева Т.В., Тихонова И.О., Молчанова Я.П. Повышение ресурсной и экологической эффективности пищевой промышленности // Актуальная биотехнология. 2025. № 1. С. 26–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guseva T.V., Tikhonova I.O., Molchanova Ya.P. Increasing the Resource and Environmental Efficiency of the Food Industry. Current Biotechnology. 2025. no. 1. pp. 26–30. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salehi F. Recent applications of heat pump dryer for drying of fruit crops: A review // International Journal of Fruit Science. 2021. V. 21. № 1. P. 546–555. doi: 10.1080/15538362.2021.1911741</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salehi F. Recent applications of heat pump dryer for drying of fruit crops: A review. International Journal of Fruit Science. 2021. vol. 21. no. 1. pp. 546–555. doi: 10.1080/15538362.2021.1911741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loemba A.B.T., Kichonge B., Kivevele T. Comprehensive assessment of heat pump dryers for drying agricultural products // Energy Science &amp; Engineering. 2023. V. 11. № 8. P. 2985–3014. doi: 10.1002/ese3.1326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loemba A.B.T., Kichonge B., Kivevele T. Comprehensive assessment of heat pump dryers for drying agricultural products. Energy Science &amp; Engineering. 2023. vol. 11. no. 8. pp. 2985–3014. doi: 10.1002/ese3.1326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
