<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vguit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-910X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-1202</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VSUET</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20914/2310-1202-2026-1-159-168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vguit-3789</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Пищевые системы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Food systems</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нут: функциональные свойства и технологии переработки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chickpea: Functional Properties and Processing Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9726-9262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерканосова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derkanosova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор, кафедра сервиса и ресторанного бизнеса, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, service and restaurant business department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aa-derk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-0909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курчаева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurchaeva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>.с.-х.н., профессор, кафедра частной зоотехнии, ул. Мичурина, 1 Воронеж, 394087, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Agric.), professor, private animal science department, Michurina Street, 1 Voronezh, 394087, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alena.kurchaeva@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3762-2258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудактина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaktina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.э.н., инженер, кафедра сервиса и ресторанного бизнеса, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Econ.), engineer, service and restaurant business department, Revolution Ave., 19, Voronezh, 394000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatya.erokhina.55555@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9891-4559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скалатский</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skalatsky</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, кафедра сервиса и ресторанного бизнеса, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, service and restaurant business department, Revolution Ave., 19, Voronezh, 394000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepanskalya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8079-8533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, кафедра сервиса и ресторанного бизнеса, пр-т Революции, 19, г. Воронеж, 394036, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, service and restaurant business department, Revolution Ave., 19, Voronezh, 394000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlados61ru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронькова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>помощник селекционера, , ул. Ленина. д, 14, с. Красноселовка, Воронежская обл. 397691, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant plant breeder, , 14 Lenin St., Krasnoselоvka village, Voronezh region, 397691, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.p.popova.nv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный аграрный универ-ситет имени императора Петра I</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ИП Вороньков Петр Николаевич</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>IE Voron'kov Petr Nikolaevich</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дерканосова А.А., Курчаева Е.Е., Кудактина Т.В., Скалатский С.В., Белоусов В.В., Воронькова С.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дерканосова А.А., Курчаева Е.Е., Кудактина Т.В., Скалатский С.В., Белоусов В.В., Воронькова С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Derkanosova A.A., Kurchaeva E.E., Kudaktina T.V., Skalatsky S.V., Belousov V.V., Voronkova S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3789">https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3789</self-uri><abstract><p>Нут сорта Хабиб (Cicer arietinum L.) — среднеспелый крупнозёрный сорт, включённый в Госреестр по Центрально-Чернозёмному и Северо-Кавказскому регионам РФ, с содержанием белка до 25%, массой 1000 семян 299–399 г и максимальной урожайностью 44,4 ц/га. Семена нута содержат 17–25% белка (скор незаменимых аминокислот DIAAS 0,67–0,84), крахмал с долей амилозы 32–45%, пищевые волокна 18–22% сухого вещества (СВ), липиды 4–8% СВ с преобладанием линолевой кислоты (43–62%). Функционально-технологические свойства (ФТС) нутовой муки и белковых препаратов: водопоглощающая способность 1,2–2,1 г/г, водоудерживающая 3,5–5,0 г/г белка, эмульгирующая активность 60–75%, минимальная гелеобразующая концентрация 10–14%. Биоактивация семян проращиванием при 20–25°С в течение 48–72 ч снижает содержание антипитательных факторов (АПФ): ингибиторов протеаз на 30–70%, фитатов на 20–50%, олигосахаридов на 40–80%. Проращивание в молочных средах (пахта, сыворотка) при соотношении с водой 1:2 повышает содержание свободных аминокислот в проростках на 15–30% относительно водного контроля. Щелочная экстракция при pH 8–10 с изоэлектрическим осаждением при pH 4,5 обеспечивает выход белковых изолятов с содержанием белка 85–95%; воздушная классификация даёт концентраты 50–65% при сохранении нативных ФТС. Ферментативный гидролиз при степени гидролиза 5–10% улучшает растворимость и ФТС; при степени гидролиза 15–25% образуются биоактивные пептиды с антигипертензивной и антиоксидантной активностью. Пастообразные продукты из биоактивированного нута содержат на 25–40% больше свободных аминокислот, чем необработанное сырьё, при влажности 65–75%. Сравнительный анализ с сортами Приво 1, Триумф, Номинал и Краснокутский 36 подтверждает преимущества сорта Хабиб по крупнозёрности, суммарному белковому сбору с единицы площади и фитосанитарной устойчивости, что обосновывает его приоритетность как сырья для получения белковых препаратов и функциональных пищевых продуктов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chickpea variety Khabib (Cicer arietinum L.) is a mid-season, large-seeded variety registered for the Central Black Earth and North Caucasus regions of the Russian Federation, with protein content up to 25%, 1000-seed weight of 299–399 g, and maximum yield of 44.4 centners per hectare. Chickpea seeds contain 17–25% protein (digestible indispensable amino acid score 0.67–0.84), starch with amylose content of 32–45%, dietary fibre of 18–22% dry matter (DM), and lipids of 4–8% DM dominated by linoleic acid (43–62%). Functional and technological properties (FTP) of chickpea flour and protein preparations are: water absorption capacity 1.2–2.1 g/g, water holding capacity 3.5–5.0 g/g protein, emulsifying activity 60–75%, minimum gelation concentration 10–14%. Bioactivation by germination at 20–25°C for 48–72 h reduces antinutritional factors: protease inhibitors by 30–70%, phytates by 20–50%, oligosaccharides by 40–80%. Germination in dairy media (buttermilk, whey) at a 1:2 ratio with water increases free amino acid content in sprouts by 15–30% relative to the water control. Alkaline extraction at pH 8–10 followed by isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.5 yields protein isolates with 85–95% protein; air classification produces concentrates of 50–65% while fully preserving native FTP. Enzymatic hydrolysis at a degree of hydrolysis of 5–10% improves solubility and FTP; at 15–25% it generates bioactive peptides with antihypertensive and antioxidant activity. Paste-like products from bioactivated chickpea contain 25–40% more free amino acids than unprocessed raw material at a moisture content of 65–75%. Comparative analysis with varieties Privo 1, Triumf, Nominal, and Krasnokutsky 36 confirms the advantages of variety Khabib in grain size, total protein yield per unit area, and phytosanitary resistance, substantiating its priority as a raw material for protein preparation and functional food production.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нут</kwd><kwd>функционально-технологические свойства</kwd><kwd>биоактивация</kwd><kwd>проращивание</kwd><kwd>белковые концентраты</kwd><kwd>пастообразные массы</kwd><kwd>антипитательные вещества</kwd><kwd>пищевая ценность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chickpea</kwd><kwd>functional and technological properties</kwd><kwd>bioactivation</kwd><kwd>germination</kwd><kwd>protein concentrates</kwd><kwd>paste-like products</kwd><kwd>antinutritional factors</kwd><kwd>nutritional value</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar M., Tomar M., Potkule J. et al. Comprehensive review of chickpea (Cicer arietinum): Nutritional significance, health benefits, techno-functionalities, and food applications // Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2025. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar M., Tomar M., Potkule J. et al. Comprehensive review of chickpea (Cicer arietinum): Nutritional significance, health benefits, techno-functionalities, and food applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2025. [Online first]. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merga B., Haji J. Economic importance of chickpea: Production, value, and world trade // Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture. 2019. V. 5. № 1. P. 1615718. doi: 10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merga B., Haji J. Economic importance of chickpea: Production, value, and world trade. Cogent Food &amp; Agriculture. 2019. vol. 5. no. 1. article 1615718. doi: 10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil N.D., Bains A., Sridhar K. et al. Extraction, modification, biofunctionality, and food applications of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) protein: an up-to-date review // Foods. 2024. V. 13. № 9. P. 1398. doi: 10.3390/foods13091398</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil N.D., Bains A., Sridhar K. et al. Extraction, modification, biofunctionality, and food applications of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) protein: an up-to-date review. Foods. 2024. vol. 13. no. 9. article 1398. doi: 10.3390/foods13091398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur R., Prasad K. Technological, processing and nutritional aspects of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) – a review // Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. V. 109. P. 448–463. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur R., Prasad K. Technological, processing and nutritional aspects of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) – a review. Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. vol. 109. pp. 448–463. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grasso N., Lynch N.L., Arendt E.K., O'Mahony J.A. Chickpea protein ingredients: a review of composition, functionality, and applications // Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2022. V. 21. № 1. P. 435–452. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12878</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grasso N., Lynch N.L., Arendt E.K., O'Mahony J.A. Chickpea protein ingredients: a review of composition, functionality, and applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2022. vol. 21. no. 1. pp. 435–452. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Augustin M.A., Chen J.Y., Ye J.H. Processing to improve the sustainability of chickpea as a functional food ingredient // Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2024. V. 104. № 14. P. 8397–8413. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13532</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Augustin M.A., Chen J.Y., Ye J.H. Processing to improve the sustainability of chickpea as a functional food ingredient. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2024. vol. 104. no. 14. pp. 8397–8413. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.13532.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh G., Sehgal S., Singh V. Structural, physicochemical and functional properties of chickpea starch: a review // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022. V. 221. P. 33–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.190</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh G., Sehgal S., Singh V. Structural, physicochemical and functional properties of chickpea starch: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022. vol. 221. pp. 33–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeasmen N., Orsat V. Industrial processing of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) for protein production // Crop Science. 2025. doi: 10.1002/csc2.21361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeasmen N., Orsat V. Industrial processing of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) for protein production. Crop Science. 2025. [Online first]. doi: 10.1002/csc2.21361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz-Zambrano N.L., Pérez-Carrillo E., Serna-Saldívar S.O., Tejada-Ortigoza V. Effect of thermal, nonthermal, and combined treatments on functional and nutritional properties of chickpeas // Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2024. V. 64. № 31. P. 11356–11374. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2237577</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz-Zambrano N.L., Pérez-Carrillo E., Serna-Saldívar S.O., Tejada-Ortigoza V. Effect of thermal, nonthermal, and combined treatments on functional and nutritional properties of chickpeas. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2024. vol. 64. no. 31. pp. 11356–11374. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2237577.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samtiya M., Aluko R.E., Dhewa T. Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies: an overview // Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 2020. V. 2. № 1. P. 6. doi: 10.1186/s43014-020-0020-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samtiya M., Aluko R.E., Dhewa T. Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies: an overview. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition. 2020. vol. 2. no. 1. article 6. doi: 10.1186/s43014-020-0020-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rebello C.J., Greenway F.L., Finley J.W. A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities // Obesity Reviews. 2020. V. 21. № 1. P. e12929. doi: 10.1111/obr.12929</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebello C.J., Greenway F.L., Finley J.W. A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities. Obesity Reviews. 2020. vol. 21. no. 1. article e12929. doi: 10.1111/obr.12929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sofi S.A., Singh J., Mir S.A., Dar B.N. Impact of germination on structural, physicochemical, techno-functional, and digestion properties of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour // Food Chemistry. 2023. V. 405. P. 135011. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sofi S.A., Singh J., Mir S.A., Dar B.N. Impact of germination on structural, physicochemical, techno-functional, and digestion properties of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour. Food Chemistry. 2023. vol. 405. article 135011. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Bi S., Yin M. et al. Influence of germination on bioactivity, structural, functional and volatile characteristics of chickpea flours // Food Chemistry. 2024. V. 437. P. 137901. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137901</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Bi S., Yin M. et al. Influence of germination on bioactivity, structural, functional and volatile characteristics of chickpea flours. Food Chemistry. 2024. vol. 437. article 137901. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boukid F., Rosell C.M., Rosene S. et al. Non-animal proteins as cutting-edge ingredients to reformulate meat and fish products // Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. V. 114. P. 247–264. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boukid F., Rosell C.M., Rosene S. et al. Non-animal proteins as cutting-edge ingredients to reformulate meat and fish products. Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. vol. 114. pp. 247–264. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tachie C., Nwachukwu I.D., Aryee A.N.A. Dry fractionation of plant-based proteins for better meat analogue applications // Current Food Science and Technology Reports. 2023. doi: 10.1007/s43555-023-00009-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tachie C., Nwachukwu I.D., Aryee A.N.A. Dry fractionation of plant-based proteins for better meat analogue applications. Current Food Science and Technology Reports. 2023. [Online first]. doi: 10.1007/s43555-023-00009-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Y., Hao X., Hu Y. et al. Modification of the functional properties of chickpea proteins by ultrasonication treatment // Food &amp; Function. 2023. V. 14. P. 1773–1784. doi: 10.1039/D2FO02492F</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Y., Hao X., Hu Y. et al. Modification of the functional properties of chickpea proteins by ultrasonication treatment. Food &amp; Function. 2023. vol. 14. pp. 1773–1784. doi: 10.1039/D2FO02492F.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Angelis D., Pasqualone A., Allegretta I. et al. Antinutritional factors, mineral composition and functional properties of dry fractionated flours as influenced by the type of pulse // Heliyon. 2021. V. 7. № 2. P. e06177. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Angelis D., Pasqualone A., Allegretta I. et al. Antinutritional factors, mineral composition and functional properties of dry fractionated flours as influenced by the type of pulse. Heliyon. 2021. vol. 7. no. 2. article e06177. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogelsang-O'Dwyer M., Petersen I.L., Joehnke M.S. et al. Comparison of faba bean protein ingredients produced using dry and wet fractionation processes // Foods. 2020. V. 9. № 3. P. 322. doi: 10.3390/foods9030322</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogelsang-O'Dwyer M., Petersen I.L., Joehnke M.S. et al. Comparison of faba bean protein ingredients produced using dry and wet fractionation processes. Foods. 2020. vol. 9. no. 3. article 322. doi: 10.3390/foods9030322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serrano-Sandoval S.N., Guardado-Félix D., Gutiérrez-Uribe J.A. Phytochemical profile and composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): varietal differences and effect of germination under elicited conditions // Foods. 2023. V. 12. № 18. P. 3393. doi: 10.3390/foods12183393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serrano-Sandoval S.N., Guardado-Félix D., Gutiérrez-Uribe J.A. Phytochemical profile and composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): varietal differences and effect of germination under elicited conditions. Foods. 2023. vol. 12. no. 18. Article 3393. doi: 10.3390/foods12183393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yılmaz T.N., Polat Kaya H., Sakarya F.B. et al. The effect of germination on antinutritional components, in vitro starch and protein digestibility, content, and bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidants of some pulses // Food Science &amp; Nutrition. 2025. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yılmaz T.N., Polat Kaya H., Sakarya F.B. et al. The effect of germination on antinutritional components, in vitro starch and protein digestibility, content, and bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidants of some pulses. Food Science &amp; Nutrition. 2025. [Online first]. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avilés-Gaxiola S., Gutiérrez-Uribe J.A., Serna-Saldívar S.O., Milán-Carrillo J. Effect of solid-state fermentation on antinutritional factors and protein digestibility of chickpea flour // Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2022. V. 77. № 1. P. 120–127. doi: 10.1007/s11130-022-00952-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avilés-Gaxiola S., Gutiérrez-Uribe J.A., Serna-Saldívar S.O., Milán-Carrillo J. Effect of solid-state fermentation on antinutritional factors and protein digestibility of chickpea flour. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2022. vol. 77. no. 1. pp. 120–127. doi: 10.1007/s11130-022-00952-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samtiya M., Aluko R.E., Dhewa T., Moreno-Rojas J.M. Potential health benefits of plant food-derived bioactive components: an overview // Foods. 2021. V. 10. № 4. P. 839. doi: 10.3390/foods10040839</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samtiya M., Aluko R.E., Dhewa T., Moreno-Rojas J.M. Potential health benefits of plant food-derived bioactive components: an overview. Foods. 2021. vol. 10. no. 4. article 839. doi: 10.3390/foods10040839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu L., He C., Liu B. et al. Incorporation of chickpea flour into biscuits improves the physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility // LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2022. V. 159. P. 113222. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu L., He C., Liu B. et al. Incorporation of chickpea flour into biscuits improves the physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 159. article 113222. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bühler J.M., Petersen I.L., Joehnke M.S. et al. Comparison of faba bean protein preparations obtained by dry and wet fractionation processes // LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2020. V. 128. P. 109426. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bühler J.M., Petersen I.L., Joehnke M.S. et al. Comparison of faba bean protein preparations obtained by dry and wet fractionation processes. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 128. article 109426. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kheto A., Bhunia K., Bhattacharya S. et al. Advances in chickpea processing: nutritional, functional, and food application perspectives // Food Reviews International. 2023. doi: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2190918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kheto A., Bhunia K., Bhattacharya S. et al. Advances in chickpea processing: nutritional, functional, and food application perspectives. Food Reviews International. 2023. [Online first]. doi: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2190918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zahir M., Fogliano L.V., Dhital S. Effect of chickpea agronomical practices and cooking on seed hardness, protein solubility and cell wall polysaccharides // Food Chemistry. 2020. V. 311. P. 125878. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125878</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zahir M., Fogliano L.V., Dhital S. Effect of chickpea agronomical practices and cooking on seed hardness, protein solubility and cell wall polysaccharides. Food Chemistry. 2020. vol. 311. article 125878. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chinma C.E., Eyinyere C.D., Adedeji O.E. et al. Germination and fermentation effects on quality, in vitro starch digestibility, and phenolic properties of Bambara groundnut flours // Food Chemistry. 2022. V. 376. P. 131855. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131855</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinma C.E., Eyinyere C.D., Adedeji O.E. et al. Germination and fermentation effects on quality, in vitro starch digestibility, and phenolic properties of Bambara groundnut flours. Food Chemistry. 2022. vol. 376. article 131855. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boukid F., Rosell C.M., Castellari M. Pea protein ingredients: a mainstream ingredient to (re)formulate innovative foods and beverages // Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. V. 110. P. 729–742. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boukid F., Rosell C.M., Castellari M. Pea protein ingredients: a mainstream ingredient to (re)formulate innovative foods and beverages. Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. vol. 110. pp. 729–742. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Félix M.L., Martín-Cabrejas M.A., Landín-Granados J. et al. Chickpea protein concentrate as ingredient in restructured fish products // LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2020. V. 128. P. 109437. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Félix M.L., Martín-Cabrejas M.A., Landín-Granados J. et al. Chickpea protein concentrate as ingredient in restructured fish products. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2020. vol. 128. article 109437. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boukid F. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein as a prospective plant-based ingredient: a review // International Journal of Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. V. 56. № 11. P. 5435–5444. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.15046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boukid F. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein as a prospective plant-based ingredient: a review. International Journal of Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. vol. 56. no. 11. pp. 5435–5444. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.15046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Rempel C., Liu Q. In vitro digestibility and functional characteristics of chickpea starch as affected by different processing methods // International Journal of Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. V. 56. № 11. P. 5753–5762. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.15127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Rempel C., Liu Q. In vitro digestibility and functional characteristics of chickpea starch as affected by different processing methods. International Journal of Food Science &amp; Technology. 2021. vol. 56. no. 11. pp. 5753–5762. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.15127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guldiken B., Franczyk A., Boyd L. et al. Physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of chickpea and navy bean flours from different mills // European Food Research and Technology. 2022. V. 248. № 7. P. 1847–1858. doi: 10.1007/s00217-022-04010-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guldiken B., Franczyk A., Boyd L. et al. Physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of chickpea and navy bean flours from different mills. European Food Research and Technology. 2022. vol. 248. no. 7. pp. 1847–1858. doi: 10.1007/s00217-022-04010-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun S., Ding Y., Yang J. et al. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chickpea protein hydrolysates obtained under different enzymatic conditions // Molecules. 2021. V. 26. № 19. P. 5829. doi: 10.3390/molecules26195829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun S., Ding Y., Yang J. et al. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chickpea protein hydrolysates obtained under different enzymatic conditions. Molecules. 2021. vol. 26. no. 19. article 5829. doi: 10.3390/molecules26195829.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertolino M., Ghirardello D., Belviso S. et al. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and chickpea by-products: a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds // Foods. 2020. V. 9. № 10. P. 1419. doi: 10.3390/foods9101419</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertolino M., Ghirardello D., Belviso S. et al. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and chickpea by-products: a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Foods. 2020. vol. 9. no. 10. article 1419. doi: 10.3390/foods9101419.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohanenye I.C., Ekezie F.G.C., Sarteshnizi R.A. et al. Legume seed protein digestibility as influenced by traditional and emerging physical processing technologies // Foods. 2022. V. 11. № 15. P. 2299. doi: 10.3390/foods11152299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohanenye I.C., Ekezie F.G.C., Sarteshnizi R.A. et al. Legume seed protein digestibility as influenced by traditional and emerging physical processing technologies. Foods. 2022. vol. 11. no. 15. article 2299. doi: 10.3390/foods11152299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharan S., Zanghelini G., Zotzel J. et al. Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) for food applications: from seed to ingredient processing and its effect on functional properties, antinutritional factors, flavor, and color // Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2021. V. 20. № 1. P. 401–428. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12681</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharan S., Zanghelini G., Zotzel J. et al. Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) for food applications: from seed to ingredient processing and its effect on functional properties, antinutritional factors, flavor, and color. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2021. vol. 20. no. 1. pp. 401–428. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S., Moustaid-Moussa N., Chen L. et al. Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity // Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2020. V. 84. P. 108450. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S., Moustaid-Moussa N., Chen L. et al. Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2020. vol. 84. article 108450. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dun M., Azizi I., Kianfar F. Effects of heat and high pressure processing on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein concentrates: techno-functional and nutritional properties // Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2022. V. 59. № 7. P. 2836–2845. doi: 10.1007/s13197-021-05302-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dun M., Azizi I., Kianfar F. Effects of heat and high pressure processing on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein concentrates: techno-functional and nutritional properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2022. vol. 59. no. 7. pp. 2836–2845. doi: 10.1007/s13197-021-05302-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhinder S., Singh B., Kaur A. et al. Effect of germination on physicochemical, structural, anti-nutritional and functional properties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour // Food Chemistry. 2021. V. 372. P. 131272. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhinder S., Singh B., Kaur A. et al. Effect of germination on physicochemical, structural, anti-nutritional and functional properties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour. Food Chemistry. 2021. vol. 372. article 131272. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
