vguitВестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологийProceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies2226-910X2310-1202VSUET10.20914/2310-1202-2026-2-187-192vguit-3800Research ArticleПищевые системыFood systemsЭргономика и охрана труда в механизированном агропромышленном производствеErgonomics, safety of technologies, technical means, operation of machinery and equipment, labor protection in mechanized agro-industrial productionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-7955ЕрмолаеваЕ. О.ErmolaevaE. O.eeo38191@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9007-017XКурбатоваН. В.KurbatovaN. V.vasilyuk1998@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1767-0759КоролеваД. С.KorolevaD. S.dkoroleva04@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-889XУстиноваЮ. В.UstinovaY. V.yul48888048@yandex.ruКемеровский государственный университетРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation202630062026882187192Copyright © Ермолаева Е.О., Курбатова Н.В., Королева Д.С., Устинова Ю.В., 20262026Ермолаева Е.О., Курбатова Н.В., Королева Д.С., Устинова Ю.В.Ermolaeva E.O., Kurbatova N.V., Koroleva D.S., Ustinova Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik-vsuet.ru/vguit/article/view/3800

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью повышения безопасности и производительности труда в условиях специфических производственных рисков мясоперерабатывающих предприятий АПК. Задачи работы включали разработку комплекса мер на основе системного применения эргономических принципов и инструментов научной организации труда. В основу работы лег анализ специфических санитарно-гигиенических и психофизиологических условий труда в типичных производственных цехах. Применялись методы эргономического проектирования рабочих мест (анализ зон досягаемости), принципы пооперационного разделения труда и работа по времени такта. Использовался инструмент бережливого производства (система «5С»). Установлено, что ключевыми вредными факторами являются действие холода (температура до +12°C) и повышенная влажность (до 75%). Для работников, занятых в положении стоя, определены оптимальные зоны моторного поля для выполнения частых операций. Разработаны практические рекомендации, включающие подбор средств индивидуальной защиты (термобелье, водоотталкивающая спецодежда), обязательное использование подножных решеток на влажных участках, а также оптимизацию продолжительности операций (не менее 30 с) для снижения монотонности труда. Комплексное применение предложенных подходов научной организации труда и эргономики создает основу для разработки стандартов рабочих мест, оптимизации численности персонала и логистики сырья. Внедрение данных мер направлено на снижение производственного травматизма и профессиональной утомляемости, что ведет к повышению общей эффективности производства и соответствует задачам федерального проекта «Производительность труда».

The relevance of this study stems from the need to improve safety and productivity in the face of specific industrial risks in meat processing plants in the agro-industrial complex. The objectives of the study included developing a set of measures based on the systematic application of ergonomic principles and tools of scientific labor management. The study was based on an analysis of specific sanitary, hygienic, and psychophysiological working conditions in typical production facilities. Ergonomic workplace design methods (reach zone analysis), principles of operational division of labor, and takt time-based work were applied. A lean manufacturing tool (the "5S" system) was utilized. It was established that the key harmful factors are exposure to cold (temperatures up to +12°C) and high humidity (up to 75%). For workers performing standing tasks, optimal motor field zones for performing frequent operations were determined. Practical recommendations have been developed, including the selection of personal protective equipment (thermal underwear, water-repellent workwear), the mandatory use of footrests in wet areas, and the optimization of operation durations (at least 30 seconds) to reduce monotony. The integrated application of the proposed scientific work organization and ergonomics approaches provides the basis for developing workplace standards, optimizing personnel numbers, and optimizing raw material logistics. Implementation of these measures is aimed at reducing occupational injuries and fatigue, leading to increased overall production efficiency and consistent with the objectives of the federal "Labor Productivity" project.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.