Effect of dietary intake on the composition of the intestinal microbiota
https://doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2024-3-51-58
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms that symbiotically inhabit the human gut. Through the production of a number of metabolites, they perform many important metabolic functions that complement mammalian enzyme activity and play an essential role in digestion. Interindividual variability in the structure of the microbiota and hence the expression of its genes (microbiome) has been largely explained by diet. Nutrition affects the composition and function of the microbiota with short- and long-term effects. Although an extensive number of studies are available, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still remain incompletely understood. In this article, we summarized and concretized the available data on the effects of diet on the composition of the gut microbiota. Nutrition has short- and long-term effects on microbial colonies, accomplishing a profound impact on human health. In fact, diet-induced changes in the microbiota are progressively associated not only with human physiology but also with chronic diseases, including obesity, immune, metabolic and inflammatory bowel diseases. The relationship between human health, gut microbiota and nutrition represents one of the most promising and challenging topics for researchers. Indeed, the microbiota is a dynamic community undergoing changes according to dietary habits throughout the human lifespan and has a great metabolic potential to act on pharmacological targets and bioactive compounds.
About the Authors
T. S. Kovaleva
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Cand. Sci. (Engin.), senior lecturer, technologies of fermentation and sugar production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia
O. N. Kryukova
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Cand. Sci. (Ped.), physical education and sport department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia
A. V. Ezhova
Voronezh State Academy of Sports
Cand. Sci. (Ped.), associate professor, theory and methodology of sports games department, st. Karla Marksa, 59, Voronezh, Russia
S. F. Yakovleva
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies
Cand. Sci. (Engin.), associate professor, biochemistry and biotechnology department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia
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Review
For citations:
Kovaleva T.S., Kryukova O.N., Ezhova A.V., Yakovleva S.F. Effect of dietary intake on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies. 2024;86(3):51-58. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2024-3-51-58
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