Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising method for purifying wastewater from galvanic industries from heavy metal ions, in particular nickel (Ni²⁺). In this paper, we study the kinetics of the electrodialysis process using anion- and cation-exchange membranes (MA-41P and MK-40L) to remove Ni²⁺ from solutions with initial concentrations from 40 to 160 mg/l. It was found that the purification efficiency reaches 99.3%, which confirms the high selectivity of the method. The key factor affecting the speed and efficiency of the process is the current density. The optimal value of 20 A/m² ensures a balance between a high degree of purification and energy consumption. Increasing the current density above this value does not lead to a significant increase in efficiency, but significantly increases energy consumption. In addition, it is shown that at a high initial concentration of nickel (160 mg/l), the process slows down due to membrane saturation and possible sedimentation. An important aspect of the study was the analysis of the electrodiffusion permeability of membranes. It was found that with increasing current density, the permeability coefficient decreases by 55%, which is due to an increase in the concentration gradient and a change in the membrane properties under the influence of an electric field. Based on the experimental data, a process flow chart for cleaning industrial wastewater was proposed, including the stages of neutralization, electrodialysis, and concentrate utilization. Purified water can be returned to the production cycle, and nickel-containing concentrate can be recycled. The results of the work demonstrate the high efficiency of electrodialysis for cleaning wastewater from nickel and can be used to optimize industrial processes taking into account economic and environmental requirements..

1. Xiang H., Min X., Tang C., Sillanpää M., Zhao F. Recent advances in membrane filtration for heavy metal removal from wastewater: A mini review. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2022. vol. 49. Art. 102951.

2. Juve J., Christensen F., Wang Y., Wei Z. Electrodialysis for metal removal and recovery: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2022. vol. 435. no. 2. Art. 134857.

3. Abdullah N., Yusof N., Lau W.J., Jaafar J., Ismail A.F. Recent trends of heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by membrane technologies. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2019. vol. 76. pp. 17-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.029

4. Shestakov K.V., Lazarev S.I., Polyansky K.K., Ignatov N.N. Recovery of iron, nickel and copper from wastewater from printed circuit board production by electrodialysis. Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2021. vol. 94. no. 5. pp. 547-552.

5. Benvenuti T., Krapf R.S., Rodrigues M.A.S., Bernardes A.M., Zoppas-Ferreira J. Closing the loop in the electroplating industry by electrodialysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017. vol. 155. pp. 130-138.

6. Shestakov K.V., Lazarev S.I., Krylov A.V., Lazarev D.S., Lomakina O.V. Influence of the initial concentration of metal ions in multicomponent solutions on the process of electrodialysis purification. Bulletin of the Technological University. 2023. vol. 26. no. 3. pp. 21-25. (in Russian)

7. Benvenuti T., Garcia-Gabaldon M., Perez-Herranz V., Rodrigues M.A.S., Bernardes A.M. Electrodialysis treatment of nickel wastewater. In: Electrodialysis and Water Reuse: Novel Approaches. 2014. pp. 133-144.

8. Niftaliev S.I., Kozaderova O.A., Kim K.B. Application of bipolar electrodialysis with modified membranes in the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater from galvanic production. Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2021. vol. 25. no. 10. pp. 4-9. (in Russian)

9. Byvsheva O.S., Ilyina S.I., Bykov I.V. et al. Application of electrochemical methods for cleaning galvanic effluents. Trends in the Development of Science and Education. 2020. no. 65-2. pp. 84-92. (in Russian)

10. dos Santos C.S.L., de Almeida Neto A.F., Vieira M.G.A. Electrodialysis for removal of chromium (VI) from effluent: Analysis of concentrated solution saturation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2019. vol. 7. no. 5. Art. 103380. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103380

11. Juve J.M.A., Christensen F., Wang Y., Wei Z. Electrodialysis for metal removal and recovery: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2022. vol. 435. Art. 134857.

12. Nemati M., Hosseini S.M., Shabanian M. Novel electrodialysis cation exchange membrane prepared by 2 acrylamido 2 methylpropane sulfonic acid; heavy metal ions removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2017. vol. 337. pp. 90-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.074

13. Benalla S., Elazhar F., Tahaikt M., Elmidaoui A. Feasibility of electrodialysis in heavy metals removal from brassware wastewaters. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2021. vol. 240. pp. 106-114.

14. Benvenuti T., Krapf R.S., Rodrigues M.A.S., Bernardes A.M., Zoppas-Ferreira J. Closing the loop in the electroplating industry by electrodialysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017. vol. 155. pp. 130-138.

15. Yan K., Xue C., Liu Q., Wei L., Guo X., Liu C. An efficient Two-Chamber Electrodeposition-Electrodialysis combination craft for nickel recovery and phosphorus removal from spent electroless nickel plating bath. Separation and Purification Technology. 2022. vol. 295. Art. 121283. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121283

16. Wang C., Wu Y., Bai L., Zhao Y., Yan L., Jiang Q. Removal of low concentrations of nickel ions in electroplating wastewater by combination of electrodialysis and electrodeposition. Chemosphere. 2021. vol. 263. Art. 128208. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128208

17. Klishchenko R., Chebotarova R. Removal of nickel from electroplating wastewater by a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeposition. Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology. 2023. vol. 45. no. 4. pp. 378-382.

18. Gonova V.A. Experimental study of cleaning solutions from nickel ions by electrodialysis. Modern science-intensive technologies. Regional supplement. 2023. no. 1(73). pp. 37-41. (in Russian)

19. Lv M., Chen N., Liu Y., Zhang W., Du X., Yang Y. Recovery of boron and zinc from wastewater via electrodialytic metathesis. Desalination. 2024. vol. 586. Art.117900. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2024.117900

20. Liu Y., Li X., Yan K., Ren Z., Wei L., Guo X. Recovery of nickel, phosphorus and nitrogen from electroless nickel-plating wastewater using bipolar membrane electrodialysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2023. vol. 382. Art. 135326.

21. Li Y., Wang Y., Li J., Wang L., Xu T. A novel electrochemical membrane filtration system operated with periodical polarity reversal for efficient resource recovery from nickel nitrate laden industrial wastewater. Water Research. 2024. vol. 266. Art. 122424. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122424

22. Chepenyak P.A., Golovashin V.L., Lazarev S.I. Electrodiffusion permeability of ultrafiltration membranes in aqueous phosphate-containing solutions. News of higher educational institutions. Series: Chemistry and chemical technology. 2012. vol. 55. no. 8. pp. 52-56. (in Russian)

23.