On the possibility of intensification of extraction by polar extracting agents

Abstract

The study examines the influence of alternating electric fields on the physicochemical properties of polar liquids and the efficiency of extraction processes involving them. A comparative analysis of various approaches to the intensification of mass transfer processes is presented, with particular focus on the supramolecular organization of extractants. Special attention is given to structural changes in ethanol, water, and tributyl phosphate under the action of a modulated alternating current signal. It is shown that electrophysical treatment reduces dynamic viscosity by 14–20%, decreases surface tension by up to 23%, and increases the free surface area of the liquids. These changes enhance diffusion and mass transfer coefficients, thus accelerating extraction processes. Experimental results confirm that preliminary treatment of system components with electric fields increases permeability through semipermeable membranes, intensifies capillary rise, and affects osmotic pressure parameters. It is established that the most effective approach involves selective treatment of a single system component—either tributyl phosphate or the aqueous solution of rare earth elements—rather than simultaneous treatment of both phases. The distribution coefficient increases by up to 69%, indicating the high potential of this method for intensifying extraction processes. These findings have significant practical implications for optimizing separation technologies in the chemical industry. The authors emphasize the need for further research to define optimal electrophysical treatment parameters and to extend the range of investigated extractants.