The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess republic

Abstract

The present article is devoted to a problem of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Formation of the land relations especially actually for land-poor and mountain regions which number the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCR) treats. Arable lands of КСhR are presented by various types and subtypes of soils: chernozems typical, chernozems ordinary, chernozems mountain, meadow and chernozem soils. The negative balance of a humus is noted actually in all areas and farms of the republic while its reduction even for 0,1% is followed by decrease in productivity to 1,2 centners of conventional grain units. Situation with fertility of soils of КСhR worsens: process of "vypakhivaniye" – an obesstrukturivaniye, reconsolidation, a pochvoutomleniye as a result of use of soils at low receipt of sources of a humus (organic fertilizers and the postharvest remains) takes place. The considerable part of a cultivated area is concentrated in the Prikubansky area (on grain, sugar beet and sunflower), the Adyghe Hablsky area (sunflower and grain) and the Habezsky area (on vegetables, potatoes and sunflower). In the Zelenchuksky area are in the area basic under potatoes and vegetables. High productivity of grain is observed in Prikubanskom and Ust-Dzhegutinsk, sugar beet in Nogai and Abazin, sunflower – in Ust-Dzhegutinsky and Prikubansky, on potatoes – in Low-Karachay and on vegetables – in Habezskom areas. The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources are: development of mountain territories on the basis of state regulation of the land relations; preservation and restoration of fertility of farmlands and agrolandscapes; ecological resource-saving, preservation of environment and production of environmentally friendly production and its processing.