Preview

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Advanced search

Development of recipes for pseudo-encapsulated fish feed

https://doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2026-1-47-53

Abstract

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that full-fledged fish feed used in the industry is easily soluble in water and, when it enters the water, it is quickly washed out and does not enter the fish's body in sufficient quantities. The article presents a new approach to the formulation of recipes for pseudo-encapsulated production feed for valuable fish breeds, based on the use of the "Liebig Barrel" feeding principle, which aims to create a balanced content of all amino acids. In particular, a deficiency of any essential amino acid leads to the fact that an excess of other amino acids does not increase productivity, because the fish's body spends energy on deaminating the excess amino acids rather than on its own growth. Therefore, when developing new-generation formulations, it is necessary not only to eliminate the deficiency of any amino acid, but also to balance the content of all essential amino acids in the fish feed at an optimal level to achieve high productivity. In the developed pseudo-encapsulated compound feed, the content of fish meal was reduced by increasing the amount of protein concentrates such as amaranth meal, as well as lysine, probiotics, premix, phytase, mineral supplements, calcium, and phosphorus, and ß-carotene capsantal for coloring the muscles of trout and salmon. In addition, autotrophic microorganisms (yeast, bacteria) were added to the compound feed, which convert simple sugars, ammonium salts, alcohol, acetic acid, etc., into valuable feed proteins. The products of microbiosis were used in the starter feed for certain fish species, whose larvae do not yet have a sufficiently developed digestive system when they begin to feed actively. As a result, recipes for pseudo-capsulated production feed for valuable fish species were developed: for sturgeon (OPO – optimal, production; OPE – economical, production; for the breeding stock, OM), for trout-sturgeon (OPF – optimal, production; EPF – economical, production; for the FM broodstock), for whitefish (OPS – optimal, productive; EPS – economical, productive; for the SM broodstock). The test of experimental batches of pseudo-capsulated compound feed was carried out on one-year-old and fry of Russian sturgeon in the Malakhov A.E. peasant farm with full control of the growing environment conditions. The authors studied the growth rate of fish, the mortality rate, the feed conversion ratio, and the indicators of body condition and average daily growth. The authors prove that the developed formulations of pseudo-encapsulated production feed for valuable fish species have increased the fish's digestibility of feed by 11-13%, increased the weight gain of valuable fish species by 10-12 %, reduced the cost of fish farming products by 8-11 %, and reduced the feed conversion ratio by 13 %.

About the Authors

K. V. Mishinev
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

graduate student, technology of fats, processes and equipment for chemical and food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia



A. N. Ostrikov
Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies

Dr. Sci. (Engin.), professor, technology of fats, processes and equipment for chemical and food production department, Revolution Av., 19 Voronezh, 394036, Russia



References

1. Churilov A.V. Problems of Conservation and Retention of the Herd in the Conditions of a Farm Sturgeon Farming. Bulletin of Science. 2023. vol. 5. no. 12 (69). pp. 123–139. (in Russian).

2. Voloshin G.A., Borisov A.N., Grigoriev V.S. et al. State and Prospects of Development of the Compound Feed Market for Industrial Aquaculture in the Russian Federation. Proceedings of VNIRO. 2022. vol. 190. pp. 163–169. (in Russian).

3. Afanasyev V.A., Ostrikov A.N., Bogomolov I.S. et al. Development of Technology for Highly Digestible Compound Feeds with Vacuum Spraying of Liquid Components. Bulletin of VSUET. 2021. vol. 83. no. 1. pp. 94–101. (in Russian).

4. Afanasyev V.A., Bogomolov I.S., Ostrikov A.N. et al. Technology and Equipment for the Production of Compound Feeds for Valuable Fish Species. Compound Feeds. 2021. no. 1. pp. 24–28. (in Russian).

5. Pakhomov V.I., Khlystunov V.F., Braginets S.V., Bakhchevnikov O.N. State and Prospects of Using Plant Raw Materials in Aquaculture Feeds (Review). Agricultural Science of the Euro-North-East. 2022. vol. 23. no. 3. pp. 281–294. doi: 10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.3.281-294 (in Russian).

6. Bektursunova M.Zh., Semenova A.A., Novikova E.V. et al. The Use of Non-Traditional Types of Raw Materials in the Production of Compound Feeds for Valuable Fish Species. Bulletin of ASTU. Series: Fisheries. 2022. no. 2. pp. 34–49. (in Russian).

7. Vasilenko V.N., Frolova L.N., Kochkin I.Yu. et al. Development of Productive Pseudo-Encapsulated Compound Feeds for Rainbow Trout Cultured in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. Bulletin of VSUET. 2023. vol. 85. no. 1. pp. 174–179. doi: 10.20914/2310-1202-2023-1-174-179 (in Russian).

8. Krutskikh S. Pseudo-encapsulation Technology – A Modern Approach to the Production of Premixes and Feed Additives. Available at: https://agroserver.ru/ (accessed: 17.01.2026) (in Russian).

9. Mikhailova M.V. Microencapsulation Technology in Compound Feeds for Juvenile Valuable Fish Species. Fish Breeding and Fisheries. 2017. no. 3. pp. [Note: Please specify page numbers when available]. (in Russian).

10. Konovalenko L.Yu., Mishurov N.P., Ponomarev S.V., Fedorovykh Yu.V. Technologies for the Production of Aquaculture Feeds: A Monograph. Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh, 2020. 80 p. (in Russian).

11. Berntssen M.H.G., Betancor M.B., Caballero M.J., Hillestad M. Safe limits of selenomethionine and selenite supplementation to plant-based Atlantic salmon feeds. Aquaculture. 2018. vol. 495. pp. 611–618. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.06.041.

12. Safari R., Hoseinifar S.H., Imanpour M.R. et al. The effects of multi-enzyme and betaine on growth performance, body composition haemato-immunological parameters and expression of growth-related genes in beluga (Huso huso). Aquaculture. 2022. vol. 549. article 737784. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737784.

13. Fakhrian M., Morshedi V., Zefrehei A.R.P. Effects of deprivation and compensatory growth feed on growth and feeding performance, body composition, blood parameters and structure of liver and intestine tissues in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Journal of Animal Environment. 2021. vol. 13. no. 3. pp. 155–164. (in Russian).

14. Ahmadi S.M., Vahabzadeh Roudsari H., Khara H. et al. Optimum growth, enzymatic and biochemical reactions of stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus juveniles in response to the feeding frequency and exposure to environmental salinity. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2024. pp. 1–12. doi: 10.22124/cjes.2024.8300.

15. Lee S., Zhao H., Li Y. et al. Evaluation of Formulated Feed for Juvenile Lake Sturgeon Based on Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 2018. vol. 80. no. 2. pp. 223–236. doi: 10.1002/naaq.10028.

16. Naghdi S., Mohtasebi S.S., Aghbashlo M. et al. Insights into fishery by-product application in aquatic feed and food: a review. Aquaculture International. 2024. vol. 32. no. 5. pp. 5851–5910. doi: 10.1007/s10499-024-01468-2.

17. Pourhosein-Sarameh S. Application of various sources of vegetable lipids in sturgeon feeding. Aquatic Animals Nutrition. 2022. vol. 8. no. 2. pp. 39–52.

18. Fotodimas I., Vidalis K.L., Theodorou J.A. et al. Sustainable aquaculture through enzymatic hydrolysis of raw chitin from crab by-products: functional fish feeds targeting fish health with implications for human health. Fishes. 2025. vol. 10. no. 10. article 514. doi: 10.3390/fishes10100514.

19. Kumar A., Singh U., Jaiswal S.G. et al. Recent trends in the encapsulation of functional lipids: comprehensive review. Sustainable Food Technology. 2024. vol. 2. no. 6. pp. 1610–1630. doi: 10.1039/D4FB00187G.

20. Tian X.Y., Bai J.W., Fang Q. et al. Polyphenols in modern nutrition: green extraction technologies, encapsulation, and promissory applications. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 2025. vol. 18. no. 7. pp. 6035–6065. doi: 10.1007/s11947-025-03715-1.

21. Voicea I., Moga C.I., Biriș S.Ș. et al. Experimental research on obtaining pelletized feed recipes with applicability in semi-intensive aquaculture systems. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021. vol. 286. article 03005. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202128603005.

22. Wang H., Ma S., Yang J. et al. Optimization of the process parameters for extruded commercial sinking fish feed with mixed plant protein sources. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 2021. vol. 44. no. 1. article e13599. doi: 10.1111/jfpe.13599.

23.


Review

For citations:


Mishinev K.V., Ostrikov A.N. Development of recipes for pseudo-encapsulated fish feed. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies. 2026;88(1):47-53. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2026-1-47-53

Views: 157

JATS XML


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2226-910X (Print)
ISSN 2310-1202 (Online)