Cottage cheese is a healthy dairy protein product that is included in the diet of most Russians. It is consumed as an independent product, used as a prescription ingredient in the production of semi-finished products (for example, cheesecakes, dumplings, etc.). The main processes that determine the quality of cottage cheese are casein coagulation and processing of the formed clot. To produce a product of standard moisture content and consistency, it is necessary to obtain a dense protein clot with irreversibly breaking bonds that contribute to its syneresis. The method of protein coagulation has a significant impact on the structural-mechanical and syneretic properties of clots. Clots formed during acid coagulation of proteins have a greater dispersion of particles, as well as lower viscosity and strength compared to clots obtained by rennet-acid coagulation. However, for low-fat cottage cheese and cottage cheese with a mass fraction of fat of 5%, it is preferable to carry out acid coagulation. The structure and properties of clots are affected by: the chemical composition of milk or cream; the composition of the starter cultures used; pasteurization modes; homogenization modes; fermentation temperature; clot acidity; modes of cooling and maturation; mass fraction of calcium chloride, etc. Raw milk with high quality indicators was used in the production of cottage cheese. Experimental samples of milk differed from the control in increased mass fraction of protein by 0.7-0.8% and fat by 0.2-0.4%, solids; the smallest number of somatic cells. A mixture was made to obtain cottage cheese with a mass fraction of fat of 5%. Pasteurization of the milk mixture was carried out at a temperature of 80 ºС with a holding time of 20 seconds. To improve clot syneresis, the homogenization operation was excluded. In the production of cottage cheese, certain technological modes were chosen that provided the specified characteristics of the clot. Cottage cheese obtained by an optimized technology is characterized by a reduced mass fraction of moisture by 4.5 ± 0.2%, lower titratable acidity by 25 ± 1 ºT, a reduced amount of yeast and mold, and an increased moisture-holding capacity compared to the control sample.

Jerusalem artichoke is a promising raw material for the alcohol industry. One of the by-products of the complex processing of Jerusalem artichoke into ethanol is dietary fibers, which is a dispersed fraction formed as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis and separation of the hydrolyzate into fractions. This product of enzymatic hydrolysis of Jerusalem artichoke can be in demand by the food industry as an ingredient with a high content of dietary fiber. The synergy of using Jerusalem artichoke fiber can be achieved in the production of products that combine traditional nutritional qualities and additional functional properties, which meets the main trends in the development of the food industry. Among such products, ready-to-eat products such as snacks and instant cereal products produced by extrusion technology are popular. Traditionally, the main raw materials for extruded products are starch-containing ingredients due to the peculiarities of their morphological structure and the ability to form a porous structure as a result of extrusion processing. Starchy raw materials after refining contain an insufficient amount of biologically active compounds and require additional enrichment by adding functional ingredients. The study examined the possibility of including Jerusalem artichoke fiber, the dispersed fraction formed during its complex processing of Jerusalem artichoke into alcohol, into the recipes of extruded products and its effect on the technological properties of the extrudates. The objects of the study were rice extrudates containing dried Jerusalem artichoke fiber up to 9%. Mixtures of rice cereals with different fiber content were prepared and extruded using Werner&Phleiderer Continua 37 laboratory twin-screw extruder under fixed operating parameters. Based on the results of the process, changes in dependent extrusion parameters such as torque, pressure, and temperature were assessed. The structural and mechanical properties, expansion coefficient, hardness, number of microfractures, hydration properties and changes in color characteristics were determined in the extrudates. Increasing the content of Jerusalem artichoke fiber up to 9% in extruded mixtures did not affect the change in extrusion modes and specific energy consumption. The temperature value varied in the range of 165-166 °C, pressure - 3.3-3.5 MPa. With an increase in the content of Jerusalem artichoke fiber, significant changes in the structural and mechanical properties were noted. The quadratic coefficient of expansion and hardness of the samples decreased from 11.2 to 7.8 and 13.2 N to 5.4 N, respectively. The number of microfractures characterizing porosity increased from 6.7 to 11.2. The hydration properties of the samples, water-holding capacity, solubility changed insignificantly. An increase from 7 to 8.5 sm3/g in swelling properties was found Increasing the dosage of fibers significantly affected the change in the color of the samples: the color became darker and acquired a brown tint. The results of the study show that increasing the content of Jerusalem artichoke fiber to 9% in the mixture largely affects the structural and mechanical properties of extrudates, which are significant in the development of snack products. The hydration properties of extrudates used as the basis for ready-to-eat cereals do not depend on the content of Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzate.

Today, the concept of sustainable development of life without harm to future generations is being formed. The concept of a “green” economy involves the creation of new environmentally friendly industries: from the position of the state - an increase in demand for environmentally friendly products, from the side of society - the formation of new demand and a new culture of consumption of the population. The growing healthy eating trend is increasing interest in organic products, including functional foods. Recently, functional products have been in greatest demand, including lactic acid bacteria, vitamins, dietary fiber, biologically significant elements, etc. Emerging habits of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition force consumers to search for necessary goods and services, while 36% of consumers prefer domestic products manufacturers. In response to new consumer strategies, domestic manufacturers are changing their product range: they are introducing competitive products to the market that can satisfy customer requirements. According to experts, the healthy food market will increase in volume and growth rate every year, and in 10-20 years, healthy food products will account for at least 30%. The development of the market for environmentally friendly products, despite the promise of this area and the huge growth potential, is at the formation stage. The effectiveness of development depends directly on factors such as the availability of government support and income growth. State economic policy should be aimed at developing mechanisms to support and stimulate the production of environmentally friendly products. The introduction of environmentally oriented innovations into the management systems of organizations will lead to ensuring rational environmental management and environmental safety of the country

As natural flavors for mayonnaise and mayonnaise sauces, it is proposed to use oil extracts and hydrosols of aromatic and essential oil plants, in particular peppermint hydrosol. Hydrolates contain active components that can increase the biological value of the finished product. A method for obtaining hydrolate is presented; it was obtained by distillation with saturated steam. The recipe for the developed sauce is given. By replacing part of the water with hydrolate, the sauce is enriched with new natural biologically active substances. Non-polar nutritionally dependent substances do not enter the water fraction, the organoleptic properties of the raw materials are well preserved, and this is exactly what is needed for the sauce. Production does not require any re-equipment of the production line. To obtain mayonnaise sauce with peppermint hydrolate, dry ingredients salt, stevia, flaxseed flour and dry milk are mixed with water and hydrolate for 30 minutes at 80–85 °C, then the mixture is cooled to 60–65 °C and egg powder is added and mixing continues. for 3-5 minutes, after which the mixture is pumped into a cooled mixer and when the mass temperature reaches 35-40 °C with the mixer running, a mixture of oils (corn, camelina) is fed into the mixer, and when the mass temperature reaches 25-30 °C, cold water is supplied to The mixer jacket is stopped and lactic acid is loaded into the mixer. The proposed method for producing mayonnaise sauce with peppermint hydrolate allows enterprises to produce products with an optimized fatty acid composition and natural flavoring additives.

The dairy industry is the fastest growing livestock sector and by 2030, milk production is projected to increase by an average of 22%. Milk productivity and technological properties of milk are greatly influenced by the genetic potential of cows, which is largely determined by the producing bulls used for the production of the herd. In this work, the milk productivity and milk quality of red-mottled cows were studied. The red-mottled breed of dairy cattle is a genetically young population, and at the present stage of improvement there is a task of hereditary consolidation of breeding, productive qualities of animals according to the characteristics that meet the requirements and the direction of productivity of the breed. To study the genetic potential of the dairy productivity of breeding bulls used on the farm and the productivity of their daughters, data from breeding records - the SELEX program - were used. To study the quality and technological properties of milk, three groups of cows of different origins were formed: lines, Reflection Sovering 198998, Vis Back Ideal 1013415 and Montvik Chieftain 95679. Milk productivity was taken into account every week according to the results of control milking, during 305 days of lactation. The best quality indicators were found in the milk of cows from bulls-producers of the Vis Back Ideal line. It is noted that the dry matter content in the milk of first–calf cows Vis Back Ideal was 12.15%, which is slightly higher than this indicator in the milk of animals Reflection Sovering. A similar trend was observed in fat and casein content. In this connection, bulls of this line can be improvers in terms of fat and protein content in milk. Milk of cows of the Vis Back Ideal line had a high ability to rennet (coagulation time 9 min 21 sec). An important indicator reflecting the quality of the milk obtained is the number of somatic cells contained in milk. It was found that the smallest number of somatic cells in milk was detected in cows of the Vis Back Ideal line. Thus, the number of somatic cells in milk can be used as a criterion for assessing the safety and cheese suitability of milk in order to obtain high-quality dairy products.

Currently, public catering establishments use technologies that do not provide for the varietal division of vegetables, in particular potatoes. This leads to excessive waste during cleaning and significant losses of nutritional value when preparing culinary products. Quick-cooking potato varieties, together with varieties of long-term processing in one culinary product, lead to the fact that half of the products are cooked, while the other half remains raw during the same time, or with longer processing. The paper considers the potato cultivars of various starch concentration grown in the central part of the country. The aim of the study is to determine the outcome of the product and the consumer properties of different potato cultivars. The objects of the investigation were the following potato cultivars: POT6 (I reproduction), POT4 (elite), POT5 (II reproduction), POT8 (II reproduction), POT3 (elite), POT12 (I reproduction), POT7 (elite), POT9 (middle early-season) and POT1 (early-season). It has been determined that POT5, POT4 and POT3 are the biggest in size (75-85 mm), but POT6 is the smallest (35 mm). But such cultivars as POT8, POT5 and POT12 are the largest in weigh (106-126 g), while POT1 and POT7 are the lightest (72 and 76 g, respectively). The potato cultivars such as POT4 (8.33%), POT12 (8.49%) and POT6 (9.1%) gave the minimum of wastes when peeling. As the investigation was carried out in April, the total amount of wastes was 5 times less if compared to the Standards of wastes and losses of food processing. It specifies the long shelflife period

One of the ways to improve people's health through food is the industrial production of products, the so-called "health" group, which currently includes soft drinks, including special-purpose ones. Drinks are the most technologically advanced basis for creating new types of functional products. Soft drinks are widely used in therapeutic and preventive nutrition. They are useful not only for the normalization of water-electrolyte metabolism, but also for optimizing the chemical structure of the diet. One of the promising functional components of beverages obtained during the production of lycopene from tomatoes is a supernatant. There is no information about its component composition in the available literature. A qualitative and quantitative study of the supernatants of tomatoes of different varieties is given. Some carbohydrates, water-soluble vitamins, micro- and macronutrients, organic acids, and flavonoids have been identified. The identified nutrients that are part of the tomato supernatants allow them to be used in soft drinks, including for special purposes. The study of the content of micro- and macronutrients did not reveal significant differences in the supernatant obtained from different varieties of tomatoes, but it is worth noting a fairly high content of iron and copper. It was found that the largest amount of vitamin C was found in a supernatant obtained from tomatoes of the Volgogradsky variety. Despite the fact that the supernatant is a by-product of carotenoid production, it has a range of nutrients that are certainly valuable to humans and can be used in food technology, in particular soft drinks, including special-purpose ones. The next stage of the work will be the development of a technology for preparing a special-purpose drink using supernatants obtained from different varieties of tomatoes. The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation № 23-26-00217, https://rscf.ru/project/23-26-00217/

Intensive introduction in the baking industry of technologies using freezing of semi-finished and finished products requires new approaches in the development of starter cultures for baking, which is primarily due to a decrease in cell viability and changes in their functional and technological properties under low-temperature exposure. In this regard, research aimed at the search, selection, study of new lactic acid bacteria strains with cryoresistant properties is timely and relevant. In the present work, a comparative assessment of the biotechnological potential of previously isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria with high resistance to low-temperature treatment was carried out. It was found that strains L. bavaricus 6, L. casei 32 and L. plantarum 24 show high tolerance to a number of antibiotics, are characterized by a wide spectrum of antibacterial action, inhibit the growth of mycelial fungi and yeasts, have high proteolytic activity, and are also characterized as salt-, bile-, acid- and phenolu-resistant strains. This serves as a basis for predicting their probiotic properties and makes it promising to use them for the development of new food products with functional properties. The conducted studies allow us to recommend these strains for inclusion in the composition of starter starters for fermented foods products using cryogenic technologies, including bakery products based on frozen semi-finished products. These strains can be recommended for the development of biologically active additives for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries and veterinary.

Development of in situ forming implants (ISFI) based on PLGA polymers is one of the most promising approaches to long-acting injectables. Evaluation of the drug release rate from such depot formulations requires methods that most closely simulate in vivo conditions. Gel phantoms mimic the elastic properties of muscle tissue and appear to be a promising replacement for conventional methods using physiologically relevant buffer solutions. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to select the optimal composition for the gel phantom formation and evaluate the effect of the phantom matrix on the release rate of rilpivirin used as a model drug from the PLGA ISFI. According to the results of the study, a 1% agarose gel was the best suited for a tissue phantom preparation and implant formation. It was also shown that the release profile of rilpivirin from the ISFI matrix depended on how the implant was formed (in a gel or freely in buffer). In the case of a phantom, the structure of the implant was less porous and retained its shape for 28 days of incubation at 37 °C. During this period, the ISFI formed in an agarose gel released considerably less rilpivirin compared to the ISFI formed without gel (11% vs 80%).

Modern trends in processing, storage and packaging of food products are aimed at preserving the native properties of raw materials, ensuring hygienic safety, modern design and properties of the packaging material intended for the consumer. Pasteurized milk production includes following stages - normalization, heat treatment, packing and packaging, at which it is important to preserve the quality of the finished dairy product, that is why polymeric containers are used for most dairy products. The research was aimed to develop polymeric packaging for milk, characterized by additional material functions and capable of biological degradation after use. Polylactide with the introduction of an inert filler was chosen as a promising packaging material. The authors have produced electret films based on polylactide with the introduction of 2, 4 and 6% talc. Polarization of the samples was carried out by means of corona discharge on a unit with a square needle electrode with an area of 49 cm2. Increasing the talc content in the composition of samples contributed to the reduction of mechanical characteristics of materials. It was found that the introduction of talc into polylactide increases the electret properties of the material, which is based on the occurrence of additional traps of injected charge carriers. The developed polymeric material was tested using cow's milk industrially pasteurized at 74-76°C. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of electret polylactide film on acidity and microflora composition of pasteurized milk during storage at 37°C for 48 hours. In the presence of active packaging material, the formation of a dense milk clot and an increase in the acidity of the product were observed during the milk fermentation.

Results of international comparative interlaboratory tests on defining contents of nitrogen oxides (NO, NOx) in gaseous phase of aerosol of heated tobacco products are presented in the article. The objects of study were samples of heated tobacco intended for use with electric tobacco heating systems of the IQOS, Glo and Ploom brands. The determination of nitrogen oxides in the gas phase of aerosol from heated tobacco products was carried out using a technique developed in the laboratory of chemistry and quality control of the Federal State Budget Scientific Research Institute “All Russian research institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products”. The aim of interlaboratory comparative tests is calculation of intra- and interlaboratory variability (repeatability and reproducibility). Mandel h and k statistics were utilized for statistical compatibility analysis. Analysis of interlaboratory compatibility was carried by z - index, statistical identifying of outliers was carried by Cochran’s and Grubbs’ criteria. Also, repeatability and reproducibility were calculated. Statistical analysis of interlaboratory comparative tests results proved high level of validity of obtained data. Establishing metrological characteristics is a key aspect of ensuring the reliability and applicability of the methodology. Interlaboratory comparative tests for nitrogen oxides defining are the first time carried in Russia and are actual for innovative products from heated tobacco.

The results of the selection of new plant growth-promoting bacteria resistant to herbicides of different chemical structure are presented. Two methods were used for screening: sowing on microbiological media from freshly sampled soil and obtaining enrichment cultures from soil samples exposed to herbicides for a month at a temperature of 28 °C. Inoculation was carried out on selective nutrient media containing herbicides Octapon extra (2,5 g/l), Florax (2,5 g/l), Dicamba (1 g/l), Nanomet (1 g/l), Spetsnaz (1 g/l) or Chistalan (2,5 g/l). These herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in wheat crops. The isolated microorganisms belong to the genus Pseudomonas, fix nitrogen, mobilize phosphates, synthesize phytohormones and antimicrobial compounds. They also can mitigate pesticide stress of crops. An anti-stress biological product containing them has been developed and tentatively named "AGROBIOLOG". For its production, the optimal composition of the nutrient medium and the conditions for industrial submerged cultivation on reactors of various volumes were determined. In the laboratory fermenter FA10 with a volume of 10 liters after 72 hours of cultivation at a temperature of 28 °C, a stirrer speed of 200 rpm, aeration of 0.5 volumes of air per 1 min per 1 volume of medium, the amount of viable cells was 28 billion CFU/ml of culture liquid. Cultivation on biological reactors with a volume of 1000 liters under the same conditions allowed to achieve a titer of 6.0 billion CFU/ml of culture liquid.

The work is dedicated to the study of yeast and bacterial strains that are potential components for developing bio-preparations for plants. Experiments involving the co-cultivation of bacteria and yeast capable of stimulating plant growth provide a basis for the development of complex bio-preparations that can impact agricultural crops and be evaluated based on their phytohormonal activity. The study evaluates the possibility of synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid during the co-cultivation of Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. auerofaciens B 5326 bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y 4317 yeast. Modern methods were employed to assess the microorganisms' metabolites, such as thin-layer chromatography for amino acid composition evaluation and the Salkowski reaction for detecting indole-3-acetic acid in the culture fluid. In the initial stages of the work, it was demonstrated that there was no competitive interaction between bacteria and fungi. The maximum concentration of colony-forming units during the co-cultivation of P. chlororaphis and S. cerevisiae was (3 ± 0.2) × 10^8 and (8 ± 0.2) × 10^6 CFU/ml, respectively. The study revealed that P. chlororaphis and S. cerevisiae could synthesize indole-3-acetic acid during co-cultivation. Experiments with the addition of tryptophan showed that the exogenous introduction of the amino acid stimulates the accumulation of phytohormones in the culture fluid only for P. chlororaphis. Therefore, we hypothesize that S. cerevisiae is the main source of tryptophan during the co-cultivation of microorganisms. The obtained data serve as a basis for creating a complex biological preparation for plant treatment and confirm our hypothesis regarding the possibility of co-cultivating microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic categories.

Due to the development of the pandemic and the need for mass vaccination, the development of next-generation vaccines against COVID 19 coronavirus infection is a major challenge for medicine and biotechnology. Due to the prevalence of COVID 19, it is still urgent to develop a safe and protective vaccine, especially one that stimulates T-cell immune response. This work presents the design and production of a DNA immunogen based on plasmid DNA encoding a hybrid protein containing immunogenic fragments of structural proteins of SARS-CoV 2 β-coronavirus. As a result, a vector construct based on plasmid DNA encoding a hybrid protein containing the most immunogenic parts of structural proteins M, S, N, E of SARS-CoV 2 β-coronavirus was created by genetic engineering methods for transient expression in mammalian cells; a strain of E. coli, a producer of DNA-coronavirus β-coronavirus, was created by electroporation. coli, a DNA-immunogen producer; a method of purification of recombinant plasmid DNA was developed on the basis of a sequential step-by-step process: this method allowed to obtain 100 mg of DNA-immunogen pCMV 3Tag 3a-CVVVV3 in a solution with a concentration of 1 mg/mL (100 ml), which corresponds to the concentration established in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (OFS.1.7.1.0013.0013.1). .7.1.0013.18 DNA-vaccines) quality parameters - the obtained result is stably reproduced in laboratory conditions; methods of plasmid DNA quality control were worked out and expression of hybrid protein was tested by Western blotting. The CVVV3 antigen was shown to bind specifically to IgG immunoglobulins from rabbit sera after immunization with pCMV 3Tag 3A-CVVVV3 DNA-immunogen. The proportion of superhelicalized plasmid DNA in the sample of DNA-immunogen pCMV 3Tag 3A-CVVVV3 was 85.64 %, the content of endotoxins was less than 25 U/mg; the concentration of residual proteins of the strain-producer in a solution of 1 mg/ml of DNA-immunogen pCMV 3Tag 3A-CVVVV3 was less than 100ng per 1 ml (mg of total recombinant DNA).

Microalgae and macroalgae have beneficial properties for nutrition, biocontrol, immunity and health, etc., especially in the context of integrated multitrophic aquaculture. Projects to improve the bioavailability, digestibility and pretreatment of algae, as well as those aimed at controlling crops with a high protein content (macro/micro), are growing in popularity. Bioremediation will be available for fertilization as part of a mineral and nitrogen recycling approach improved by the effects of these matrices on soil structuring and nutrient absorption. The advantage of microalgae is that they have a fairly short reproduction cycle (about half a day), which allows efficient production of biomass in large quantities. Microalgae have a wide variety of original molecules in their cells. This biomass is rich in lipids, proteins, vitamins and antioxidants. Microalgae form the basis of the concept, they have caused one of the greatest climatic changes in the history of the Earth. Their metabolism, based on photosynthesis, added huge amounts of oxygen to the "toxic primitive atmosphere of the Earth." The main characteristics of microalgae. Most microalgae are called photoautotrophic or autotrophic. Microalgae are very diverse and about 30,000 species have already been analyzed. This number is less than 10% of the estimated existing total. The most common classes in terms of relative abundance are diatoms (bacillariophyceae), green algae (chlorophyceae), cyanobacteria or blue-green algae (cyanophyceae) and golden algae (chrysophyceae). Most of the research is devoted to finding the best strains. The choice of microalgae species ultimately depends on the available organisms capable of synthesizing target products and achieving yields necessary to meet economic and technical constraints. Therefore, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account the prevailing climatic conditions, especially average and minimum temperatures and the availability of necessary nutrients. The use of algae to create phytosanitary products is a promising and in-demand area of research.

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the health status of workers in the agro-industrial complex is an important and urgent task. When developing a methodology for calculating the probability of an employee losing ability to work depending on the state of working conditions in the workplace, it was shown that in the context of solving problems of assessing the impact of working conditions on the health of a worker, including in procedures for assessing occupational risk, the probability of loss of ability to work is not nothing more than a quantitative assessment of the probability of developing an occupational disease or work-related injury in specific working conditions, which, at first glance, could be characterized by indicators of the frequency of occupational diseases and injuries taking into account working conditions. A survey of the health status of agricultural workers was conducted at local departments of city clinics. To collect information about patients, we used the “Health Questionnaire”, which, by decision of the World Health Organization, introduced a questionnaire about the patient’s health in all medical institutions. 156 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. At the first stage of information processing, the structure of medical and social characteristics of agricultural workers was studied. At the second stage, the a priori ranking method was used, which uses expert information to rank each attribute value. During the study, the scores necessary for the subsequent calculation of a complex integral medical and social health indicator were calculated. The results of the study indicate the presence of a negative trend in the dynamics of the health status of agricultural workers, which is primarily associated with poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, self-medication, and rare visits to medical specialists. In this regard, important tasks are, first of all, the development and implementation of preventive, treatment and rehabilitation technologies and priority programs in the work of agro-industrial enterprises, in particular, the rational organization of nutrition in agro-industrial enterprises, optimization of the motor regime.

The article discusses the possibilities of using digitalization tools in the organization and optimization of management systems for the regional agro-industrial complex. The main tasks and functions of the designed system are described in terms of constructing optimization models to support decision-making at agricultural enterprises. The structure of the top-level conceptual model of the developed system is presented, which contributes to solving the problems of automating the collection and processing of heterogeneous data and generating reports based on the results of analyzing the obtained values. Based on the use of an object-oriented approach in UML 2.0 notation, a use case diagram was developed to formalize options for user interaction with system modules. The main user categories of the system are identified. The integration of the reporting module, including standard templates approved at the legislative level of the Russian Federation (17 forms for the main indicators of agricultural production), is demonstrated. Step-by-step development of functional algorithms and conceptual model and construction of structural and behavioral models for detailed display of information and logical models of the designed management support decision-making system in the regional agro-industrial complex is carried out. The efficiency of introducing automated integrated tools at enterprises of various scales and levels of production organization is estimated at 53%. The implementation of the system we propose can significantly help in solving the problems of automation and optimization of the existing management structure, and also allows reducing production costs, minimizing the use of labor resources and ultimately helps ensure the implementation of the activities stated in the National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” in terms of implementation departmental project “Digital Agriculture”..

The article explores the development of domestic agriculture based on digital solutions, such as navigation technologies based on satellite systems, remote sensing data processing, the use of expert systems and decision support systems, machine learning, including pattern recognition and computer vision, big data analysis and predictive analytics. As part of the study, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the application of satellite navigation technologies and unmanned aerial systems based on global experience over the retrospective period from 2000 to 2023. An assessment of the economic effect of using this approach is given and it is analyzed that the productivity of agricultural land can be increased by 63-68% using the technologies in question. A comparative analysis of the level of implementation of precision farming in the Russian Federation and a number of foreign countries is carried out by regions. It has been established that, despite the existing technologies of the global satellite navigation system, its share is relatively low. Data are presented showing the number of farms in the context of subjects of the Russian Federation and the area cultivated using precision farming systems and the potential for their expansion. The main guidance systems are structured.

The article explores the possibilities of using artificial intelligence tools in organizing ecological landscape farming systems. It is noted that with the help of learning algorithms, agricultural producers can optimize many production processes, increase the productivity of land and the quality of the resulting products, as well as reduce costs and costs. It has been shown that the mass implementation of machine learning can increase the share of gross value added in the next 5 years by 25% in crop production, and up to 14% in livestock production under an optimistic scenario of development; in the most probable scenario, the indicators will be two times lower, and in a pessimistic scenario - an increase will occur by no more than 3.8% in the crop industry, and up to 0.4% in the livestock industry. Since adaptive landscape agriculture, based on taking into account the characteristics of the relief, climate, agrofacies, must take into account a large number of parameters, such as assessment of the condition of the soil and plants, sown areas, frequency of their cultivation, the amount of applied mineral and organic fertilizers, treatment with herbicides and insecticides, etc. ., a prototype of an information system was developed that allows, based on predictive analysis, to select the most optimal solution for organizing crop rotations in order to manage farming systems. The article shows the possibility of using computer vision in recognizing cartographic material and establishing the type of agricultural landscape to obtain highly productive crops. Intellectual analysis models were built based on incoming features. To work with the proposed product, there are no specialized requirements for personnel qualifications, and can even be used by ordinary employees of both large agricultural holdings, representatives of municipal and state authorities in the agricultural sector, and employees of small farms due to its simplicity and intuitive interface.

The article notes the active economic growth in the field of organic agriculture over the past 5 years. At the same time, the introduction of elements of artificial intelligence contributes to its more effective development. power with broad potential for ecological farming, development of the ability to form predictive models for selecting optimal sites for a given type of production using machine learning models. During the study, based on optimization methods, supervised neural network training models were built (set linear regression models, k-means method, computational model, random forest method and others). Under the quality metrics, the measured models are taken by the coefficient of determination R2 (i.e., the proportion of the variance of the dependent variable explained by the currents included in the model); model accuracy (for classifying models) and an alternative F1 score metric (accuracy and F1 score). The models analyzed the dependence of land use in organic farming such as an agricultural landscape; agrochemical soil conditions (primarily the presence of radionuclides, confirmed metals and herbicide/insecticide residues in the soil); remoteness from industrial agricultural complexes, cattle burial grounds, solid waste; indicators of isotherms and isobars, etc. were taken into account. The software solutions used were the Jupyter Notebook environment and the Google Colab cloud environment, as well as the standard libraries Pandas, NumPy, Scikit-learn, SciPy, Tensorflow, Matplotlib and others. Training and testing models were built based on a multiple linear regression model in a block of 70 to 30. The possibility of organizing organic agriculture on a specific land plot is turned off as a switching (dependent) variable. The resulting radius model evaluates the criteria for determining the dependence of a variable on an input one, and also gives a forecast of the possibility of transitioning a land plot to standard methods of organic farming..

Currently, it is environmentally friendly and promising to use whey to produce lactose, lactulose and other valuable products that are beneficial to human health. However, the serum contains a sufficiently large amount of mineral salts, which complicates the recycling processes. In the process of demineralization, nonofiltration, cation- and anion-exchange membranes, etc., are widely used, which are polluted by the salt crystals formed. The least soluble of the inorganic substances present in the serum are calcium salts, in this regard, the three-component system Ca(H2PO4)2 - CaCl2 - H2O is of interest. To study phase equilibria in the Ca(H2PO4)2 - CaCl2 - H2O system a diagram of the state at a temperature of 20 ° C is constructed. According to the points corresponding to the composition of the equilibrium liquid phases, a monovariant equilibrium line is constructed, under which there is a region of unsaturated solutions. By the method of Screinemakers, it was found that in an area with a calcium chloride content of less than 43%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate crystallizes. For the area adjacent to the top of CaCl2, three salts crystallize together: Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaCl2 + CaCl2∙6H2O. On the triangle of compositions there are two areas of joint existence of the solution and crystals of L + Ca(H2PO4)∙2H2O + Ca(H2PO4)2 and L + Ca(H2PO4)2 + CaCl2∙6H2O. The composition of crystallizing solid phases has been confirmed by chemical analysis. Using the obtained data, it is possible to create conditions for the preliminary crystallization of the salts that make up the whey and their isolation from the solution, which will reduce the clogging of the pores of the membranes in the further process of serum demineralization.

The Tatarsko-Shatrashan zeolite-containing deposit, located in the southwest of the Republic of Tatarstan, contains a large amount of calcite (10-50%) of the total mass of the rock, as well as other minerals – zeolite, opal-cristoballite-tridymite. Such a composition requires an expensive zeolite enrichment process, which significantly affects the cost of the final product. The work proposes the use of zeolite-containing rock for the synthesis of calcium silicates, in particular wollastonite. Calcite – limestone flour (dolomite) was used as a Ca-containing source material in this work; zeolite-containing siliceous rock of the Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit was used as a silicon-containing material, which also includes a source of calcium in the form of calcite (up to 40%). The solid-phase synthesis process was carried out in a SNOL 1100/7.2 muffle furnace at temperatures of 900 and 1100°C, raising to a given temperature was carried out at a rate of 5 °C/min, holding time was 3 hours. The starting components were mixed in stoichiometric ratios CaO:SiO2=0.7-1.1. The work used a generally accepted method for identifying synthesis products – X-ray quantitative analysis. It has been shown that with a CaO:SiO2 ratio in the range of 0.8-0.9 and isothermal exposure for 3 hours at a temperature of 1100 °C, the highest yield of wollastonite is observed – 67-79%. The morphology of calcium silicate was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The resulting calcium silicate can be characterized as a low aspect ratio sintered product with a shape similar to tabular structures. Wollastonite of this form can be used in the ceramic industry as an effective additive that improves the drying characteristics of ceramic masses.

In modern hydrometallurgy, autoclave leaching processes are widely used, which is associated with a number of their advantages over processes occurring in open systems. In the Russian refining industry, the introduction of such technologies is difficult, and one of the reasons is the high requirements for the corrosion resistance of structural materials. In this work, the behavior of metal plates of tantalum, titanium and platinum in solutions of hydrochloric acid with additions of hydrogen peroxide under autoclave conditions was studied in the temperature range of 100-200°C. It has been shown that the specific dissolution rate of platinum under autoclave conditions is several orders of magnitude higher than the dissolution rates of titanium and tantalum under similar conditions. Thus, at a temperature of 130°C, a platinum plate dissolves completely within 2 hours, which corresponds to a specific dissolution rate of 1500·10-12 g m2/s; the dissolution rate of titanium and tantalum under the same conditions was 40·10-12 and less than 1·10-12 g·m2/s, respectively. The creation of oxidizing conditions promotes the passivation of tantalum and, to a large extent, titanium. Platinum, on the contrary, under oxidizing conditions intensively goes into solution. Taking into account the fact that in most cases PGM raw materials are dispersed powders with a high specific surface area, titanium equipment can be recommended for their processing. It has been established that titanium is quite stable in the presence of an oxidizing agent in solutions of 3 M hydrochloric acid up to a temperature of 160°C. Tantalum in hydrochloric acid oxidizing environments is stable up to a temperature of 200°C. The quantitative data obtained in the work can be used to develop technologies for processing raw materials containing platinum group metals and to create corresponding equipment.