Studies of the influence of yeast strains on the fermentation process made it possible to select a pure yeast culture for the production of non-alcoholic cider, which makes it possible to obtain a product with organoleptic characteristics close to traditional cider. To obtain non-alcoholic cider, a study was made of the process of fermentation of apple juice of direct extraction from the Antonovka apple variety by various races of pure yeast cultures. Three yeast cultures were selected for the study: Wyeast 4766 Cider, Mangrove Jack's "Cider M02 and Fermentis Saflager S-23, and their physical characteristics were analyzed. The fermentation process was controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide released; at the end of fermentation, physical and chemical parameters of all samples were obtained and a yeast culture was identified - Fermentis Saflager S-23, which made it possible to obtain a drink with indicators corresponding to the task of the study. The fermentation process with the yeast culture Fermentis Saflager S-23 was completed on the 5th day, the ethanol content was only 4% by volume, and the aroma and taste of apple must was characteristic and rich. At the final stage of the study, three samples of the final product were created, the main raw material for which was the fermented apple juice of each of the studied crops. Their physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics have been determined. Based on the data obtained, the best sample of non-alcoholic cider was identified, which was obtained as a result of the fermentation of Fermentis Saflager S-23

The article presents the results of a study aimed at a deep and comprehensive study of the factors that determine the effectiveness of the biochemical oxidation process, the study of the dynamics of the chemical composition of apple materials in the process of acetic acid fermentation. At the first stage of the study, a study of the chemical composition of apple juices was conducted. The pH, the content of solids, titrated acids, volatile acids, extract, sugars, nitrogenous substances, phenolic substances and carbohydrates were determined in the studied juice samples. At the second stage, a study of the chemical composition of apple materials was carried outduring fermentation. Fermentation of apple juice was carried out on a pure culture of yeast Apple-7. Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 20-22⁰C. The finished fermented juice was alcoholized to 9% by volume and stored before use. Further, acetic acid fermentation was carried out in a deep way. The main technological and biochemical parameters were determined in fresh apple juice, fermented alcoholic juice and vinegar. As a result of determining the fractional composition of nitrogenous, phenolic substances and carbohydrates of apple juices, it was found that the chemical composition of apple juices depends on the method of processing apples and their varietal characteristics In the process of acetic acid fermentation of apple materials, a change in nitrogenous and phenolic substances is observed. At the same time, the carbohydrate composition practically does not change. When apple materials are oxidized by acetic acid bacteria, the processes of aldehyde formation and ether formation are significantly intensified. Thus, the data obtained indicate a variety of chemical composition of apple materials and vinegar obtained from them. In general, the chemical composition of apple materials and vinegar depends on the quality of processed raw materials and technological conditions of production.

In mathematical modeling of membrane processes, the study of structural features of used membranes and the significant limitation of information in the formal description of their separation properties led to the development of physical models that take into account not only the features of structures of real membranes, but also their peculiarities of functioning. When compiling physical models of membrane processes, it is impossible to objectively quantify most of the factors due to their great diversity and variability, which distances the mathematical model from the real process. That is why methods of computational fluid dynamics reliably and efficiently perform calculations for all physical models and types, including stationary or transient flow, incompressible or compressible flow (from small subsonic to hypersonic), simulation of laminar or turbulent flows, Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids, ideal or real gas. An electronic geometric model of the plant was built, a choice of mesh geometry with different densities was made to optimize the calculation time and solution accuracy for a particular case, the kinetic dependence of cell growth was calculated, the flow rates of feeding medium into the intra- and inter-fiber spaces of the bioreactor were determined, and the hydrodynamic conditions were analyzed.

Recently, the tradition of baking sourdough bread has been revived all over the world. The Industrial Revolution has radically changed the technology of making bakery products. Information about the dangers of high-speed yeast is rapidly spreading, which makes the consumer think about the benefits of the products consumed. Technologists of the baking industry, in turn, this forces them to return to their origins and develop recipes for healthy traditional bread according to international standards. During the research, three samples of starter cultures for whole-grain bread based on decoctions from hop cones were developed. Hop cones contribute to obtaining an optimal starter culture and the successful reproduction of yeast flora in it. They help to activate the fermentation process. They contain a large amount of antioxidants, which increases the shelf life of bread and allows it to be enriched. A comparative analysis of the activity of yeast cells in the hop ferments being developed using the Goryaev chamber was carried out. Counting of yeast cells showed that in the samples of hop starter cultures No. 1 and No. 2, their number differs slightly and amounts to 6.75·108 cl/cm3 and 6.25·108 cl/cm3, respectively. In sample No. 3, the content of yeast cells turned out to be slightly less than in the others. This indicates that in the production of bread with the use of this hop starter, the fermentation operation will take a longer time. The analysis of the technological process of preparing starter cultures of samples No. 2 and No. 3 showed that in sample No. 3 it is quite time-consuming and time-consuming. The results obtained on the development of samples of hop starter cultures indicate the possibility of their application in the technology of whole grain bread products.

For the successful development of the livestock industry, including rabbit breeding, it is necessary to reveal the genetic potential of breeding facilities by balancing feed rations and including dietary supplements in their composition that help maintain their homeostasis and reduce the negative impact of various stress and feed factors on the body of farm animals. Currently, there are a number of feed components that stimulate the productivity and growth of animals, birds, and animals. One of them are probiotic drugs that have a positive effect on strengthening immunity, strengthening health and increasing productivity of various types of farm animals. The aim of the work is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of the probiotic drug Subtilis - C as part of a full-fledged granular compound feed for young rabbits to increase their meat productivity. To study the effect of the probiotic drug Subtilis - C, 45 rabbits aged 30 days were selected. Rabbits of the control group were fed according to the scheme adopted by the farm with a full-grain granular feed PZK-92 UAH, experimental groups of rabbits received feed rations based on the feed PZK-92 (obtained on the basis of cereals, sunflower cake, wheat bran, herbal flour from alfalfa and premix KVP P90-1K), which included probiotic the additive "Subtilis-S" (2 · 109) in a dosage of 0.6 and 1.0 g / kg of compound feed and hydrolysate of oats in a dosage of 2% as a binder instead of molasses. It is proved that the use of the probiotic drug "Subtilis-S" in a dosage of 1.0 g / kg by weight of compound feed increases the average daily gains and, as a consequence, meat productivity and protein content in the muscle tissue of rabbit carcasses.)

Tamarix ramosissima is a halophytic species with diuretic, diaphoretic, astringent, analgesic and hemostatic effects. Decoctions and infusions used for various diseases are prepared from it. Infusion of flowers is useful for stomach inflammation, decoction of branches is effective for rheumatism, infusion of leaves and bark is prescribed for diarrhea, bleeding and diseases of the spleen. Tamarix twigs are brewed like tea. In the past, a decoction of the fruits of the plant was used in the Caucasus against infertility, and a decoction of branches treated syphilis. In this work, we investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Tamarix ramosissima inflorescence extracts as an additive in the food industry. The results showed that the inflorescences exhibit high antioxidant activity, the degree of inhibition at 20 µl of the studied material is 9 times greater. compared with ascorbic acid and 3 times compared with emoxypine. In addition, tamarisk extracts have shown noticeable antibacterial properties against the Staphylococcus aureus strain. The strongest activity was recorded in 70% of the water-alcohol extract of inflorescences at a minimum concentration of 1 to 10. These data indicate that tamarix can be considered as an interesting source of antioxidants for the therapeutic or nutraceutical industry and for food production. These indicators characterize tamarisk extracts as an object for further study, and without a doubt are promising and little-studied raw materials for the food industry

The article discusses the issues of the need to create and demand in the consumer market of commodity product lines for adolescents. The authors propose the composition of the food system for the enrichment of snack products for teenagers. As components of the food system, the following were chosen: wheat germ cake, whey protein concentrate, food chickpeas and Japanese kelp powder. The selected types of domestic raw materials have a high biopotential, attractive economic characteristics and are very promising in the production of food products for children of the older age group. The protein content in the food system was 47 g per 100 g of product. The use of an enricher in the composition of finished products, with the obtained total protein content, is advisable, since its amount is comparable to the daily norm, which predictably confirms the principles of the functionality of food products. The technological process of production of the food system included the stages of acceptance and preparation of raw materials, dosing and mixing of components, packaging. Based on the data on meeting the daily requirement for nutrients and energy, it can be stated that the content of vitamins A, D, B7, selenium, chromium and copper in the FOS was 15% or less. The concentration of vitamins: B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, K and minerals - calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorides, molybdenum, fluorine was within 20-50%. At the same time, the content of iron, zinc, magnesium and vitamin E is set to more than 50% or at the level of the average daily requirement, which allows the food system to be included in products as a fortified supplement. The rich vitamin and mineral composition of the fortifier predictably ensures the maintenance of many functions of a rapidly developing adolescent organism, including ensuring the proper functioning of the skeletal system, muscles, heart and brain, the production of enzymes and hormones. The high biological value of the additive suggests the prospect of its use as a protein and vitamin-mineral fortifier in the production of high-carbohydrate confectionery products, in particular snack bars.

Protein deficiency in the diets of various determined groups of consumers is a serious nutritional problem. The problem of protein deficiency in diets can be solved by developing protein mixtures for their enrichment, taking into account trends in personalized nutrition. Whey processing using membrane technologies corresponds to the concept of Green, Circular, Bio economy. Membrane technologies make it possible to fractionate various whey components and obtain high-tech protein products. The aim of the study is to develop a basic recipe, assess the organoleptic properties and physicochemical characteristics of a dry protein mixture based on whey proteins obtained on the basis of membrane methods. Whey protein concentrate UF WPC - 80 was used as the main component of the protein mixture. Whey protein concentrate and isolate in a 6:1 ratio form the basis of the protein mixture we have developed. We offered options for expanding the range of flavoring additives for dry protein mixtures by combining traditional flavoring additives "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Apple", "Pineapple", "Melon". We have provided an optional addition of papaya and pineapple extracts in case of decreased activity of digestive enzymes, for example, in the elderly people. The technological scheme for obtaining the finished product provides for two-stages dry mixing of the components and the use of commercially available equipment. The protein mixture is a dry powder and is recommended for use in liquid form by restoring it with water, milk or natural juice, for example, veatgrass. We investigated the composition and properties of the developed dry protein mixture in accordance with official and generally recognized test methods. The developed product meets the requirements of TR CU 021/2012 "On food safety" and can be recommended to increase the adaptive capabilities of consumers of various age and physiological groups to physical and neuro-emotional stress, as a fortifying component of diets

Intensive research is underway in all developed countries to create an economical process for the production of butanol and its derivatives from biomass, which reduces the cost of the product compared to existing processes for producing synthetic butanol based on fossil raw materials. This is primarily due to the prospects of using butanol and its derivatives as an alternative fuel. The paper proposes a technology for the production of isobutyl alcohol, which provides for the processing of by-products of alcohol production by hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. A concentrate of ethyl alcohol head fractions (KGF) and a concentrate of ethyl alcohol head fractions (KGF) were used as objects of research. In the process of work, a technology for processing by-products of alcohol production is proposed, which includes a number of stages with the production of isobutyl alcohol as a finished product, which can be used in the production of plastics, rubber, coatings, medicine and the production of special solvents, as well as as an additive to fuel. Experimental studies were conducted to obtain isobutanol and study its physicochemical properties: color, density; mass fraction of isobutyl alcohol, mass fraction of acids in terms of acetic acid, bromine number, mass fraction of carbonyl compounds in terms of oil aldehyde, mass fraction of non-volatile residue. The technological process at the isobutanol production plant is differentiated by stages, which are carried out sequentially in separate reactors with the treatment of intermediates with catalysts. As a result of the developed technology, butyl alcohol with a mass fraction of isobutyl alcohol of at least 99.3% was obtained.

Non-communicable diseases often occur due to an unbalanced diet. Cardiovascular diseases that develop due to oxidative stress are in the first place in mortality. To reduce the risk of diseases of the cardiovascular system, geroprotectors are used, in large quantities contained in vegetables. Natural substances of this type include ascorbic acid and chlorophyll, which have antioxidant activity and are part of broccoli cabbage. These substances contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract also occur due to malnutrition (leads to a decrease in the amount of beneficial intestinal microflora). Eating cottage cheese and products based on it helps to replenish the necessary amount of natural intestinal microflora, due to fermented milk bacteria. The purpose of the work is to develop a functional curd product with the addition of mashed broccoli. During the study, it was found that the titrated acidity of the curd mass with broccoli puree was 113.0 ° T, the mass fraction of moisture, sucrose, protein and fat – 40,5 %, 10,8 %, 15,7 %, 4,2 %, accordingly, the energy value of 100 g of the product is 110 kcal. The number of lactic acid bacteria is 13×106 CFU/g. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were not detected during the study. The antioxidant activity of the curd mass with broccoli was 55.02%, which is 30.55% more than that of the curd mass without additives. The amount of chlorophyll was 24.36 mg/100g of the product. Due to the introduction of broccoli into the curd mass, the content of B1 increased by 1.45 mg/100g of the product; B3 – 1.69 mg/100g of the product; B6 – 0.01 mg/100g of the product; C – 102.8 mg/100g of the product. Thus, the developed curd mass with broccoli is a functional food product for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.

In the field of food technology, it is currently important to obtain bacterial concentrates with high yield and viability of microbial cells. Purposeful regulation of the technological parameters of the production of bacterial preparations has a significant impact on their quality and on the quality of finished food products. The results of research on improving the technology of liquid bacterial concentrate based on symbiotic starter culture for bakery production are presented. This bacterial concentrate consists of a consortium of microorganisms characteristic of the fermentation microflora of rye starter cultures. The optimal dose of inoculate application was determined in order to increase the biomass. A feature of the technology is a new approach to inoculate preparation and biomass production. In the production of symbiotic concentrate, it is important to optimize the composition of the nutrient medium, to create conditions for the growth of mesophilic lactobacilli and yeast that do not ferment lactose, characteristic of the fermentation microflora used in bakery production. To obtain biomass, a simple and cheap nutrient medium based on curd whey is used; the inoculum is a natural symbiotic starter culture for rye bread; due to the balanced composition of the medium, the process of biomass accumulation is intensified; biomass is characterized by a high titer of viable cells. A high survival rate of cells under infrared drying conditions has been established. The starter concentrate has high enzymatic activity, good lifting power, has a high titer of mesophilic lactobacilli and yeast that do not ferment lactose.

Currently, the use of highly active probiotic strains for obtaining consortia with high biochemical and technological potential is relevant and promising in the dairy industry. Such probiotic microorganisms include propionic acid bacteria and Acidophilus bacillus. The creation of a consortium based on Propionibacterium freudenreichii Sh 85 and L. acidophilus makes it possible to develop specialized food products and biologically active additives with high probiotic properties. An inoculate was obtained based on pure cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii Sh 85 and L. acidophilus in a ratio of 2:1, which has a high biochemical activity and can provide a high level of enzymatic processes when co-cultured on a dairy medium. The nutrient medium based on whey has been optimized for obtaining the biomass of a consortium of propionic acid bacteria and Acidophilus bacillus. The optimal temperature range for biomass growth is (30±2) °C. The article shows the results of the selection of the optimal amount of cobalt ions in the nutrient medium. For normal biomass growth, high yield of viable cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii Sh 85 and L. acidophilus cultures and vitamin B12 biosynthesis, a dose of 0.0025 g/l cobalt chloride was selected. The resulting biomass is characterized by a high titer of viable cells of propionic acid bacteria and Acidophilus bacillus 1012 k.f.u./cm3. The accumulation of vitamin B12 is active in the biomass. Cellular biomass is applicable as a biologically active additive for direct consumption and in the dairy industry as a bacterial concentrate.

Vegetable raw materials and their processed products are a source of necessary biologically active nutrients and are widely used in food production when creating functional and specialized nutrition products. Studies of the mineral profile of wild cranberry berries (Vaccinium oxycoccos) growing in the Republic of Karelia and berry processing products (juice and cake) with different methods of processing raw materials have been carried out. Studies of the mineral composition of fresh cranberry berries and their processed products obtained by various methods showed a high content of essential macro- and microelements in fresh berries, juices and cakes and allowed us to establish the regularity of migration and distribution of micronutrients depending on the method of pre-processing of raw materials. The data obtained during the experiment allow us to judge the high mineral profile of wild cranberry berries and its processed products and the content of certain elements (in particular phosphorus and manganese) in a physiologically significant amount, which explains the prospect of using products of processing wild berry raw materials to enrich food with micronutrients. Studies of the mineral composition of edible packaging films based on concentrated cranberry juice have shown a higher mineral profile of all samples of films with the addition of juice obtained with pretreatment of berry raw materials with steam, regardless of the type of structure-forming matrix, which is due to a higher content of concentrated juice solids. It has been established that the pre-processing of berry raw materials with steam before extracting the juice, as well as its subsequent concentration, allows processing raw materials with maximum preservation of essential components with a high degree of biological activity.)

Bioassay is considered to be a relatively new technique, known to the scientific community for about 30 years. This article covers a method of determining the total toxicity by bioassay using infusoria. Microorganisms from 4 genera can be used for the technique: Tetrahymena, Stylonicha, Paramecium, Colpoda. The method is used in food and feed. Advantages of using this method in comparison with traditional methods are given. The results of a patent search on this topic were analysed in the article. The aim of the research was to systematically analyze, summarize the information obtained from 2 databases: Federal Institute of Industrial Property, Google Patents. The criteria for the selection of patents on the subject of bioassay were set. As a result of the screening, 10 intellectual property documents were selected. The majority of the patents were found to describe techniques for determining total toxicity using infusoria. Patents on this topic peaked in the 2000s. Forty percent of the documents describe data not related to a specific genus of infusoria

At present time it is noticed significant interest for ability of biologically active compounds usage not only for prevention but also for therapy of human diseases. Traditionally medical plants with high pharmacological potential are rich source for them. Therapeutical features of plants were demonstrated on example of many widespread human diseases. In this systematic review perspectives of plant extracts application in lung cancer therapy has been discussed. It was carried out research of scientific publications using Medline, Scopus, WoS, Pubmed databases. Their text was published in open access in English. As a result of analysis it was made a conclusion about significant therapeutical potential of plant extracts and perspectives of development of new strategies of lung cancer treatment, that are included biologically active compounds with classical approaches (chemoterapeutical agents, target substances and radiation).

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of stevia powder on the quality of gluten-free cookies with a complete replacement of sugar in the recipe. The cookies were made from a mixture of rice and corn flour (40/60). Margarine or vegetable oil were used as fat components. Stevia powder was used in different amounts: 1.0; 2.0; 3.0%. Cookies quality were assessed by organoleptic indicators, physical characteristics (diameter, thickness), moisture, swelling, strength on the structure analyzer "Structurometer ST-2". When completely replacing sugar with stevia powder in various amounts, margarine cookies were comparable in size to sugar cookies, while increasing moisture, but reducing swelling and strength values. Replacing the fat component with vegetable oil resulted in the formation of a flatter, more brittle cookie, with pronounced brittleness, which was reflected in its strength, both in cookies with sugar and with stevia. The use of guar or xanthan gum in the formulation of gluten-free cookies with stevia and vegetable oil made it possible to obtain softer cookies, increased their thickness, as well as moisture and swelling, stabilized the strength, which became comparable before the addition of stevia powder. An increase in the amount of gum over 1% led to large changes in cookie quality indicators, and depended on the type of gum, which was more pronounced when using xanthan gum. The main criterion for the quality of gluten-free cookies with stevia powder in the amount of 1.0% was the minimum specific sweetness

The research of gelling ability of different grades of food gelatin has been conducted, analytical researches have been carried out to establish the possibility of using a mass and inexpensive object of fishing - pollack for food purposes; the technological scheme of making a new structured fish product has been developed and experiments on its making have been carried out. There has been developed a scale of organoleptic evaluation of structured fish product quality, including significance coefficients, the highest of which are typical sensory indices: appearance, taste, consistency, flavour and also point scale of chewing degree of the molded product. As a result of organoleptic evaluation of structured fish products we have determined close to optimal correlation between fish and structurer of salt-dried finely-milled meat from the total mass of the system. The created product with the indicated ratio of fish and gelatin has got the highest score according to organoleptic evaluation, which testifies to its excellent quality characteristics. The results of investigations show the technological perspectivity of the developed new molded product of salted and dried pollock using as a structure-forming agent the water solution of gelatin of 220 bloom grade in concentration of 10 % at a ratio of fish and gelatinous components 3:7.

In the modern world, the benefits of animal milk are questioned due to the spread of lactose intolerance and food allergy to milk proteins among the population, as well as due to the popularization of such nutrition systems as vegetarianism and veganism. In this regard, the market is growing demand for vegetable analogues of cow's milk, which are made from cereals and legumes, nuts and seeds. This article provides an overview of the currently existing traditional technologies for creating plant-based milk substitutes that are used in mass commercial production. The main stages of technological raw materials are described. Some parameters of processing of products of plant origin are given when using their production process of plant analogues of milk, taking into account the differences when using certain types to obtain alternative milk drinks. The advantages and the degree of efficiency of various variants of thermal and non-thermal treatment are noted. Innovative ways of improving the quality of vegetable milk analogues, which have shown the effectiveness of their use in laboratory conditions, are also considered. The improvement and modernization of technologies for the production of vegetable milk substitutes make it possible to preserve more nutrients in drinks, improve their balance and, as a result, increase the benefits for the human body. The degree to which an analogue can replace traditional cow's milk depends on the level of technology progressiveness, which is very important for consumers who include such analogues in their diet. Further research in this direction will not only expand the range of healthy food products on the market, but will also contribute to improving the food security of cities and countries due to greater accessibility to the population of high-quality sources of nutrients.

In order to ensure quality control and food safety, the in vivo effect of hops on the frequency of cell aberrations was studied for the first time using a micronucleus test in human buccal epithelium. Results were obtained of in vivo studies of wort samples to identify possible negative effects of hops, which contribute to an increase in extractive components in the finished drink during dry hopping and contain a large number of biologically active compounds (bitter and phenolic substances, essential oils), on the human body. The frequency of nucleus abnormalities in human buccal epithelium cells of persons using hoped and unhopped must samples was analyzed for the frequency of cellular abnormalities in human buccal epithelium. The following types of disorders were found: cells with micronuclei, two nuclei, notches, perinuclear vacuoles, "tongue" and "broken egg" type protrusions, karyopyknosis, karyolisis and karyorexis. Based on the data obtained, indices of repair and accumulation of cytogenetic disorders were calculated. No effect of hops on the reparation index and the index of accumulation of cytogenetic disorders was revealed. Factor analysis methods show that the main contribution to the variance of the trait system will be made by the factor "specificity of the cytogenetic indices under study".

One of the critical units for isopropylbenzene production plants is the unit for preparation of reactant fractions, in particular, the used propane-propylene fraction. In accordance with the Specifications TU 0272-024-00151638-99, the content of propylene in this fraction must be at least 65% wt. Such a sufficiently low content of propylene to carry out the reaction of benzene alkylation leads to inefficient use of the reaction volume of the alkylation reactor. The operation of the unit for the concentration of propylene from the propane-propylene fraction of the industrial production of isopropylbenzene by alkylation of benzene with propylene is considered. The study is carried out using the Honeywell UniSim Design modeling system. The flow of the process in one distillation column and when using two columns is simulated. A computational experiment has shown that in order to obtain propylene (calculated propylene content 99.1% wt.) and propane (estimated propane content 90% wt. propylene - 4.47% wt.) fractions that meet the parameters of current regulatory documents, it is possible to use one distillation column with technological modes: Тlow=31.4 ℃, Тup=21.17 ℃, apparatus pressure 1050kPa, reflux ratio R=13.43. When using two columns, the first one qualitatively "forms" the propylene fraction (calculated content of propylene 99.1% wt., propane 0.8% wt.), and the second column - the propane fraction with the practical absence of propylene in it (propane content 94.42% wt., propylene - 0.03% wt.). The developed models of technological schemes for the concentration of propylene from the propane-propylene fraction can be used to evaluate the operating and design parameters of columns and analyze the achieved process indicators. Calculations show that at the industrial site, the probable cause of the high propane content in the resulting propylene fraction is about 7% wt. is the maintenance of non-optimal technological regimes. Values of expedient operating parameters are given.

An approach to automating the technological process of obtaining bentonite-containing ion-exchange bipolar membranes is considered. The structures of automated systems are given, both with the use of local automation tools, and with the use of industrial controllers and workstations. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the structures are described. A two-level control system with the use of sensors, actuators, and an industrial controller at the lower level and a workstation at the upper level is suggested. The scheme of the complex of technical means is implemented. The information model of the upper level software of the control system taking into account the peculiarities of the technological process is developed. The data flow diagram is described and functioning principles of the upper level software are proposed. A software module, that is designed both to calculate control actions for the lower control level and to simulate periodic laboratory bipolar electrodialysis of a sodium sulfate solution with experimental bentonite-containing bipolar membranes to produce acid and alkali, has been developed in C++. During the operation of the software module, it is possible to trace the dependence of technological parameters of electrodialysis (ion flux, current efficiency, energy costs for the production of the target product) on the type of bentonite modifier used (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (surfactant) and stearic acid) and its quantity in membranes (1, 2, 3% wt.) at different current densities. The software module can be used in existing industries within the framework of functioning process control systems in order to optimize operating parameters during control of electrodialysis processe.

The raw materials for the industrial production of moto- and air-alkylates are isobutane and butane-butylene fractions containing in their composition a component, n-butane, which is inert for the reaction of sulfuric acid alkylation of isobutane with olefins. In accordance with the Specifications TU 0272-024-00151638-99, the content of n-butane in the isobutane fraction, depending on the grade of the fraction, is 0.7÷20% wt. Its presence reduces the useful reaction volume of the alkylation reactor, and when separating the components of the alkylation reaction mass, it is necessary to use a distillation column (debutanizer). The possibility of including an additional column in the technological scheme for removing n-butane from the composition of the fraction (respectively, isobutane concentration) before it is fed into the alkylation reactor is being considered. This is of particular importance for factions with a brand below "High Brand". The study is conducted using the Honeywell UniSim Design software system. The Peng-Robinson method was used to calculate the properties of process stream components. The theoretically optimal design of the apparatus was calculated: when using a distillation column with a pressure in the apparatus of about 400 kPa to reduce the content of n-propane in the distillate (obtained isobutane fraction) to 0.001 mol. the share will require 48 theoretical plates, the accepted reflux ratio R = 8.9, the temperatures in the condenser and reboiler are 26.88 and 47.27 °C, respectively. A computational experiment has shown that in order to achieve the practical absence of n-butane in the obtained isobutane fraction (concentration of about 0.1% wt.), it is possible to use a distillation column with the following technological modes: the number of plates is 60, the feed plate is 15, the efficiency of contact devices is 0.8; the pressure in the column is about 400 kPa, the temperature in the condenser and reboiler is Тk=28.91÷29.05 ℃ and Тр=46.72÷47.25 ℃, respectively, reflux ratio R=20.41. This fraction also does not contain pentanes.

This article deals with the problem of clayey sludge utilization of diamondiferous ore enrichment. Thickening of saponite sludge by means of chemical treatment is currently considered as the most effective way to clarify the volume of water sufficient to maintain the recycling water supply of the enterprise and, as a consequence, to reduce the volume of additional water introduced into the process. The authors propose a new coagulant for settling saponite sludge - sodium sulfate mixture, which is a by-product of aluminum production. The use of sodosulfate mixture will reduce the amount of waste for both the diamond mining plant's concentrator and the alumina production. The question of the mechanism of interaction of saponite sludge particles with the proposed reagent is considered. The aim of the research is to find physical and chemical regularities of interaction of clayey slime particles with sodosulfate mixture. Chemical and mineral composition of used raw materials, surface charge of clay particles, granulometric composition of experimental samples and their electrokinetic potential were determined in the work. The results of the studies showed that the mineral composition of the clay slurry includes the following minerals: saponite, kaolin, serpentine, beidelite, dolomite. The surface charge of clay particles is negative. The chemical composition of the soda-sulfate mixture is represented in the form of oxides: Na2O, SO3, CO2, Al2O3. The dependence of the electrokinetic potential on the mass of the mineral additive introduced into the slurry was revealed. It was noted that the absolute value of ζ-potential remains above 30 mV despite increasing the concentration of the additive, but coagulation of clay particles occurs and the system in question loses sedimentation stability at a concentration of sodium sulfate mixture of 14.4 g/l.

The sorption of the aliphatic amino acids glycine and α-alanine by an aminophosphonic ion exchanger is studied and the dynamics of sorption is described using a kinetic equation. Experimental studies were carried out on a designed experimental setup with a fixed ion exchanger layer, in which the purified and regenerating solutions are passed through the sorbent layer in various directions. The heterogeneous ion exchange process includes the transport of sorbent ions in the liquid phase to the grain surface and the removal of desorbed ions from it, interphase transfer, diffusion of sorbed and desorbed ions inside the grain, since not all functional groups of the sorbent are localized on the surface, and a reversible ion exchange reaction. The kinetic equation of the Thomas model takes into account the multistage sorption and adequately describes the dependence of the degree of extraction of the component on the duration of contact of the solution with the ion exchanger layer. The equation of the Thomas model has been modernized taking into account the effect on the dynamics of the process of diffusion resistances in the channels of the layer and the grains of the ion exchanger in a column with a fixed loading. The upgraded model is applied to describe the dynamics of ion exchange of aliphatic amino acids on an aminophosphonic ion exchanger and the possibility of using a one-dimensional capillary flow model to estimate the diffusion resistance during fluid movement in the channels of the ion exchanger layer is shown. The agreement of the calculated and experimental output curves of sorption of aliphatic amino acids from aqueous solutions of various concentrations has been verified. It is shown that the upgraded model adequately describes the dependence of the degree of amino acid extraction on the duration of contact of the solution with the polyampholite layer at different feed rates of the purified solution.

Currently, the task of obtaining polyvinyl alcohol oligomers (PVA) is urgent to create functional materials of a new generation with specified properties. One of the methods of modification of PVS is ozonolysis, which has a number of advantages over other methods of oxidative degradation of polymers. The aim of the work is to evaluate the structural changes and physico–mechanical characteristics of film samples of PVS modified by ozonated oxidation. To carry out the oxidation process, a 5% aqueous solution of PVA brand 1799 was prepared. The ozone-oxygen mixture was obtained using an ozonizer of a known design. The oxidation of PVS was carried out in a glass thermostatically controlled flask at 70 ° C, blowing an ozone-oxygen mixture through an aqueous solution of PVS for 40 minutes. Sampling was carried out after 10, 20 and 40 minutes of oxidation. The films were obtained by irrigation followed by air drying, after which they were subjected to IR spectrometric analysis and strength indicators were determined. As a result of the study, it was found that the modification of PVA brand 1799 by ozonated oxidation in an aqueous medium is accompanied by the following change in IR spectrograms: in the region of 1400 - 1600 cm-1, a sharp decrease in the intensity of the peak corresponding to hydroxyl groups forming hydrogen bonds is observed for ozone-oxidized PVA, in the region of 1650 – 1700 cm-1, a pattern of decrease in intensity is noted the peak with an increase in the oxidation time of PVA with ozone, which indicates a decrease in the MM of the polymer as a result of oxidative degradation, in the region of 3400 – 3600 cm-1 marked a change in the nature of the spectrogram, which also indicates a change in the structure of hydrogen bonds in oxidized PVS; the physico-mechanical properties of film samples subjected to 40-minute ozonated oxidation of PVS change towards a decrease in both strength and elongation at break by an average of 4 times, the Young's modulus decreases by more than 3 times, and the stretching diagram changes character in the zone of highly elastic deformation (the intensity of stress growth decreases by 1.5-2 times as the film elongates during stretching) and the fracture zone (the diagram acquires a stepwise character without a sharp break), which is associated with a decrease in the molecular weight of the PVS, the acquisition of new functional groups, a change in the stereoregularity of the hydroxyl groups of the main polymer chains, an increase in amorphousness and a change in their relaxation time.

The performance characteristics of composite materials reinforced with polyacrylonitrile technical flagellum (PAN-TF), which has the reactivity of functional groups, can be improved by modifying it. The aim of the work was to study the effect of polyacrylonitrile fibrous materials, applied with AGM-9, A-187, A-174 and Duron OS 3151 modifiers, on the kinetics of the ED-20 epoxy resin curing process, structural features of the developed composites and their operational properties. The methods of kinetic research, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing of composite materials were used in the work. The effect of modified PAN-TF on the change in the kinetics of the curing process of the epoxy binder is shown, characterized by an increase in the curing time, a decrease in the maximum curing temperature and a decrease in the activation energy of the curing ED-20. The results of kinetic studies are confirmed by the data of DSC epoxy compositions based on modified PAN-TF, which show a decrease in the maximum temperature and an increase in the thermal effects of the ED-20 curing process in the presence of the studied reinforcing systems compared with epoxy composite reinforced with unmodified flagellum. The structure formation of epoxy compositions under milder conditions ensures the formation of a contact zone between the elementary fibers and the binder, which contributes to an increase in the solidity of plastics compared to a composite based on the original PAN-TF. A comparative analysis of the strength properties of the studied composites showed that when applied to ED-20, there is an improvement in strength indicators. The assessment of kinetic parameters, structural features and strength properties of the developed composites reinforced with modified PAN-TF indicates an increase in the surface activity of fibrous materials as a result of their modification.

Using the example of fabrics and knitwear from a mixture of natural and synthetic polymer fibers, the possibility of obtaining polymer compositions intended for the manufacture of electrically conductive elements for aviation, robotics and so-called "wearable electronics" for medical purposes is shown. The mechanical and electrical properties of fibrous compositions filled with carbon dispersions in various allotropic forms in combination with both soluble and insoluble high-molecular compounds in the form of powders or solutions have been studied. Dispersions of various forms of carbon with a close particle size distribution were selected from among commercially available brands of printing pigments and ingredients of rubber and electrical products. Carbon dispersions were investigated: graphite, carbon black and single-walled nanotubes in the form of a stabilized aqueous suspension. The well-known and justified optimal technological methods of introducing electrically conductive ingredients into the composition of composite materials, taking into account the structure and composition of fabrics. The advantage of spraying electrically conductive graphite particles on the surface of fibers and filaments in combination with the application of solutions and dispersions is shown, which makes it possible to obtain compositions for resistors and strain sensors with a sufficient level of strength and elasticity. The stretching diagram of the sensors and the dependence of the electrical resistance of the composition on the elongation with a high degree of confidence can be divided into two linear sections. The first section in the range of relative tensile strain from 2 to 30% is most consistent with practical application. The coefficient of sensitivity to deformation (GF) of a fabric-based strain gauge does not exceed 10 in the range of deformation in the diagonal direction up to 20%, and the coefficient of sensitivity to deformation on knitwear, regardless of the direction of cutting samples from the canvas, is two orders of magnitude higher and is about 950 to a relative elongation of 30% and 90 in the range of a relative elongation of 30÷45%. The maximum strain sensitivity (QF) of laboratory samples based on knitted fabric, with a deformation of less than 30%, is about 1350 kPa-1 and 4900 kPa-1 at maximum elongation%. The hysteresis of electrical properties with multiple deformations does not exceed 4%.