The description of the technological scheme of the stock-preparation shop, press shop and cleaning of worm-press oil at Chernozemye LLC, with an analysis of the main types of technological equipment operation and evaluation of problematic production sites is given. It has been established that during hulling and following separation into fractions in separators and sifts, favorable conditions are created for oiling the husks by contacting it while passing through a sieve together with a high-oiled crushed kernel and oilseed dust. To reduce the oil content of husks in the scheme, it is recommended to use hydrocyclones that direct the husk for the subsequent separation of the particles of the kernel and oil dust carried along with the husk. It was also revealed that the greatest content of waxes and waxlike substances in the oil, which significantly affect the transparency of commercial sunflower oil, is contained in the husks lipids, which partially pass into the oil during the processing of seeds. The content of waxes in oils is the higher, the more husk is contained in the kernel, and the higher the temperature of the pulp entering the pressing. In this case, the ratio of oleic and linoleic acids in low-oil varieties is 1:1, in high-oil varieties is 1:3. The heterogeneity of the grinding of the oil seed meal, resulting from the hulling of seeds, makes it difficult to uniformly moisten, warm and dry the pulp in the conditioner. The structure of the finished pulp is influenced by the primary structure of the oil seed meal, obtained during the process of grinding the seeds. The intensive coloring of the pulp, oil cake and ground oil-cake during the drying of oil seed meal is due to the high temperature (above 100 °C) in the conditioner, which leads to an intensive course of the sugar-amino reactions, an increase in the total content of nitrogen and phosphorus. And this changes color and increases raw materials losses.

In order to prevent microbial spoilage, meat and meat products could be treatedusing different types of processing. However, these methods do not ensures sterilization and can cause decrease of nutrition and biological value of food product. In this regardstudying of the innovative methods, that guaranteeing consumers safe and minimally-processed foods, is particularly relevant. The addition of lactic acid bacteria and ultrasound (US) treatment have great potential in this direction.Thesurfacemicroflorainvestigations of semifinished meat products were carried out in order to state the positive influence on their microbiological stability by US treatment in different types of medium. Experiments included the study of antagonistic activity of bacteria strains of the genus Lactobacillus acidophilus(L. acidophilus) in relation to typical microflora representatives of chilled meat semi-finished products. Basing on these experiments the strain 7m13 of L. acidophilus with the highest inhibitory activity was chosen. The lowest inhibitory activity was found for strain 5e. The parameters of ultrasonic treatment was established as follows: installed capacity of the treatment 350 Wt with the exposure time 2 minutes, avoiding undesired denaturation changes of muscle proteins. The handling of check samples included the following variants: control (without treatment); sample 1 – treatment in distilled water; sample 2 – treatment in milk whey; sample 3 – treatment in fermented milk whey. As the result of experiments it was found, that the strain 7m13 of L.acidophilus showed the highest antagonistic activity against used test cultures of bacteria. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the surface microflora of the check samples is not constant; coccal forms are less sensitive for ultrasound treatment in comparison with bacilli and yeast cells. The minimal surface microbial population was shown using the combination of fermented milk whey and ultrasound treatment.

Perfection of machinery and technology aimed at the complex non-waste processing of the secondary raw materials of the meat industry is an urgent task. The blood of cattle, which is the most valuable raw material for the production of medicines, as well as a number of food products enriched with compounds of the protein-hemoglobin complex. The rheological behavior of the processing object is of great importance in the physicomechanical action on the part of the working bodies, in the movement of liquid media through technological pipelines, and also in cases of intensification of heat exchange processes. The rheological behavior of blood of cattle was studied depending on the temperature and the content of dry substances in it, and the thixotropic properties were analyzed. It is shown that as the temperature decreases and the water content decreases, the viscosity of the blood increases due to the aggregation of its constituents, which determines the non-Newtonian behavior of the blood. Knowledge of thermophysical characteristics of blood cattle is necessary for optimization and control of technological processes of its processing and concentration. At the same time, the inverse problem also plays a role: the development of methods for predicting properties in order to obtain a final product with predetermined thermophysical characteristics. The absence of reliable values of the thermophysical characteristics of blood of cattle was experimentally investigated: the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, density and specific heat of blood, depending on the temperature and the content of dry soluble substances. It was revealed that the dependence of the coefficients of heat and thermal diffusivity of blood on temperature have the form of smooth curves monotonically increasing with increasing temperature.

Given the rationale of taking into account losses on eddy currents in the windings of a low-inertia DC motors with offered magnetoelectric systems. Increased in recent years, the power of these motors (through the use of highly coercive magnets permanent) caused an increase in the volume of copper in the air gap and the magnetic induction values. All this has values given rise to significant eddy currents in the windings made in the air gap, and hence the necessity of taking into account losses from these currents. The experimentally obtained dependence of the losses on eddy currents on the frequency of rotation for a DC motor with a hollow anchor with a power of 350 watts. The magnitude of these losses can reach 30% of the nominal power of the motor. Described mechanism of occurrence of losses. Eddy currents occur in areas with variable magnetic flux and cause the appearance of force, which is directed toward the velocity vector and inhibits the anchor. The directions of these currents, the vectors of magnetic induction, magnetic field and force acting on the conductor winding and a braking anchor. The proposed methods reduce losses: crushing contours of eddy currents and achieve uniform distribution of magnetic induction in the interpolar space of the motor. Shows their strengths and weaknesses. The crushing circuits of windings occur surge currents. To eliminate the losses on the surge currents it is necessary to apply a transposition of the conductors. Given a refined formula for finding the losses on eddy currents in the armature winding, the conductors of which is made in the form of a harness of several wires. Formula has shown a good convergence with experimental data.

In the process of low-temperature heat treatment of meat semi-finished products (not higher than 85 °C) it is possible to get a fairly delicate product and keep more juices in it, which give them their unique taste. But at the same time the total processing time reaches several hours, which provides a softening effect on the collagen muscles. Processing of culinary products in this mode, even in a combi steamer, leads to increased loss of weight of finished products, especially when it baked. The paper presents a technical solution to the problem of intensification of low-temperature heat treatment in a combi steamer using the ultrasound. High adaptability to existing technologies, ease of control of the processing process and special physical effects allow using ultrasound of varying intensity and frequency. Ultrasound technologies allow you to highly intensify the technological process and improve the quality of finished products. Based on the Angelo Po’s combi steamer (Italy) a universal thermal device was created, including meat semi-finished products baking with intensification of heat exchange processes and preparation in the ultrasound field. This technology not used previously and allows speeding up the process of obtaining finished products by approximately 29–30%, and reducing losses in energy costs by 8–11%. The research is conducted with the purpose of scientific and economic justification of the process and modernization of equipment for accelerated production of high-quality meat products when processing them in a combi steamer.

Marshmallow is a sugar confectionary product with increased sugar content and energy value because of the significant content of carbohydrates, in particular sugar-sand. The main drawback of marshmallow is the rapid process of its drying during storage due to the crystallization of sucrose and the gradual removal of moisture from the product. A method for obtaining marshmallow without sugar on the basis of high-conversion glucose syrup. In the work, experimental studies were carried out to determine the content and ratio of free and bound forms of moisture in marshmallow on the basis of sugars and on the basis of  high-conversion glucose syrup by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TG). To study the patterns of thermal effects on the properties of marshmallow samples, the non-isothermal analysis method and the synchronous thermal analysis instrument (TG-DTA / DSC) of the STA 449 F3 Jupiter were used. In the process of thermal exposure, the samples decompose sugars and other organic compounds, as a result of which the sample weight decreases due to evaporation of moisture. The process of dehydration in a control sample of marshmallow using sugar occurs in a less wide temperature range than in a sample of marshmallow on the basis of  high-conversion glucose syrup, which indicates a greater degree of moisture bonding in the developed sample. A quantitative evaluation of the forms of moisture bonding in the samples was carried out using the experimental curves obtained by the TG method. From the temperature curves, the endothermic effects were determined, which correspond to the release of moisture with different forms and energies. Substitution of sugar for treacle in the formula of marshmallow reduces the share of free moisture and increases the safety of the product without signs of staling.

Currently, any production process is viewed as the primary means of profit and competitiveness, in other words, becomes the dominant process approach. In this approach, the final product production appears network of interconnected processing steps during which the conversion of inputs into outputs, with a stable, accurate executable, high process most efficiently and cost-effectively provides a planned quality. An example is the organization of bread production. For the modern period is characterized by the classical recovery technology that allows to improve the palatability of bread, enhance its flavor, longer-lasting freshness. Baking is a process to be controlled in order to obtain the required quality parameters of the final product. One of the new and promising methods of quality management processes is a probabilistic method to determine the increase in the probability of release of quality products within the resources allocated for measures to improve the quality level. The paper was applied a quality management concept is based on a probabilistic approach for the multi-step process, which consists in the fact that as one of the main criteria adopted by the probability of release of high-quality products. However, it is obvious that the implementation of certain measures for its improvement requires the connection of certain resources that, first of all, is inevitably associated with certain cash costs. Thus, we arrive at an optimal control problem, which has at least two criteria - probability qualitative completion of the process, which should be maximized and the total costs of the corrective measures that need to be minimized. The authors of the idealized model of optimal control has been developed for the case when a single event affects only a single step. a special case of vector Uorshall-Floyd algorithm was used to optimize the structure of a multi-step process. The use of vector optimization on graphs allowed the authors to get a detailed picture of consequences of different management options at each stage of the process, which then can be used for technological preparation of production or to control the operation of the operational process

The paper deals with the problem of mathematical modeling of thermochemical destruction process. The apparatus of Markov's chains is used to synthesize a mathematical model. The authors of the study suggest to consider the destruction process as a random one, where the system state changes, which is characterized by the proportion of macromolecules in each fraction of the molecular- and weight distribution. The intensities of transitions from one state to another characterize the corresponding rates of destruction processes for each fraction of the molecular- and weight distribution. The processes of crosslinking and polymerization in this work were neglected, and it was accepted that there is a probability of transition from any state with a lower order index (corresponding to fractions with higher molecular weights) to any state with a higher index (corresponding to fractions with lower molecular weights). Markov's chain with discrete states and continuous time was taken as the mathematical model basis. Interactive graphical simulation environment MathWorksSimulink was used as a simulation environment. Experimental studies of polybutadiene destruction in solution were carried out to evaluate the mathematical model parameters. The GPC (gel-penetration chromatography) data of the polybutadiene solution were used as the initial (starting) data for estimating the polymer WMD (molecular weight distribution). Mean-square deviation of the calculated data from the experimental data for each fraction and at specified times was minimized for the numerical search of parameter values. The results of comparison of experimental and calculated on mathematical model data showed an error of calculations on the average about 5%, which indicates an acceptable error in estimating of polymer fractions proportions change during the process of destruction for the process under consideration and conditions.

XXI century – the age of high technology. Now our life is surrounded by information technology: everyone has a cell phone, computer and other appliances (sometimes called gadgets). Themselves without noticing, we increasingly use them in their lives. Already it reached the point that we begin to use the robots for their own purposes. In less than ten years, each will have their own personal mobile robot. Properly programmed robot can perform many tasks. One of the common problems encountered in the design of robots, is the problem of developing an effective obstacle avoidance algorithm. Robot during their movement should not get stuck and stop until they have accomplished the task. To successfully perform this task in robot memory card should be stored workspace, which marked the places where there are obstacles to the robot. It is necessary to develop an algorithm that allows the robot to build a map of the area for the final (minimal) time. The map is a surface enclosed space that is divided into squares. The area of each square equal to the area of the robot base or square robot step length. To study the space used by an algorithm based on the algorithms of “Spiral” movement of the robot and the “movement along the wall”. There are many obstacles crawling algorithms. The most effective is Dijkstra's algorithm. This algorithm applies only to graphs with non-negative weights. Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest way to the top of the graph in order to remove them from a given source vertex. Central to Dijkstra's algorithm is that it is enough to compare the length of such paths

The variant of solving the problem of optimal control of biomass selection from the apparatus using the Pontryagin maximum principle is presented in the article. The maximum productivity of the device as an optimality criterion was chosen. On a finite-dimensional space the Pontryagin function, the Hamiltonian function, and the end function were defined. To describe the dynamics of the development of the yeast population, the Ferhulst-Gause equation was used. It is proved that optimal control (in the chosen criterion) is possible with the found ratios of the coefficient of natural growth ε and the coefficient β taking into account the intraspecies competition of microorganisms. To determine the optimal concentration of microorganisms and the biomass selection value, it is necessary to determine the numerical values of the coefficients of the model ε and β during the cultivation process. The method for determining the model coefficients and the optimal biomass selection from the apparatus was presented. The algorithm and the system for optimal control of the selection of biomass from the apparatus were developed. They differ in that here the found theoretical relationships of the named coefficients are used. To study the optimal control system, a computer experiment was carried out using experimental data on the hourly accumulation of microorganisms taken at the Voronezh yeast plant. The data were obtained for a 13 hour culture process with selection of the culture medium after 6 hours. The selection is conducted in such a way that the accumulation (yeast concentration) of X during sampling remains unchanged with a constant culture medium selection. That is, the volume of biomass equal to the volume of the medium supplied with the feeding is taken. The graphs of the hourly change in yeast concentration and the dynamics of selection were obtained. The results analysis shows that the use of such a system in the process of controlling yeast production makes it possible to shorten the cultivation time by 1 hour.

The organization of any research activity involves obtaining and analyzing the results of ongoing research. This is a complex and time-consuming process, requiring large human costs and unique expensive equipment. The problem of using such unique equipment can make research difficult or even impossible at all. One of the ways to solve this problem can be the creation of remote access labs working in the collective mode. An important feature of remote access to equipment is the possibility of obtaining primary information and the correct organization of its transmission between individual subsystems and consumers. Convenient and mobile tools in such situations are the availability of compact control cards "type Arduino", which allow organizing effective interaction. The questions of remote control of the microscope using the technologies of the Internet of things are considered. The main software and hardware solutions used to implement access to the microscope are described. An electronic circuit for connecting stepper motors, as well as formulas for calculating the movements of the main microscope nodes, is given. In the process of remote access to the complex, the user has the opportunity to work with a microscope similar to a researcher working directly on the equipment itself. The proposed scheme will allow to carry out scientific research in the field of microstructural and microgeometric analysis of various samples and details under remote access conditions, which will significantly increase the efficiency of using expensive scientific equipment.

The questions of perfection of the system of technical service and repair, economic and other measures, sent to providing and control of flightworthiness in the conditions of exploitation of aerotechics are examined in the presented article. To ensure the safe operation of existing equipment, the issue of its technical diagnosis with the purpose of determining the remaining service life is becoming more acute. Before proceeding to the forecasting of the residual resource, an analysis should be made of the main causes of accidents and failures in the technical systems of aviation equipment, the distribution of defects in the elements of the design of aviation equipment, the examination of the parameters of defects in order to assess the potential hazards and prioritize repairs detected in the diagnosis of defects, which in turn The choice of the diagnostic system influences. At presence of vagueness of decision-making apply the special methods, taking into account probabilistic nature of events. They allow to appoint the border of the field of admittance of parameter or necessary number of experiments for a decision-making about diagnosticating. solution of task of increase of authenticity of estimation of the state of equipment is offered on the basis of criterion of optimality with the use of Bayes 's method. To that end the high-quality indexes of diagnosticating are certain on condition of presence disrepairs, being corresponding conditional probabilities of the correct diagnosticating, and like by conditional probabilities of admission of disrepair and probability of false alarm. Will put every erroneous decision in accordance some price – cost of error. For faultless decisions this cost will arrange to consider equal to the zero. Then the system of diagnosticating can be characterized by expected value of cost of erroneous decisions. If   two systems of diagnosticating are compared, where first from them is optimal, then by virtue of the offered solution the optimal system of diagnosticating gives the least probability of admission of disrepair among all systems of diagnosticating, which conditional probability of false alarm is no more, than at optimal.

The formation of the technological potential of soft wheat grain depends on a large number of factors, of which very important of varietal features are of the greatest importance, which is confirmed by the high yield of flour of higher grades, the high correlation coefficient between accumulation of protein and varietal peculiarities at the level of 0.83. In a holistic system of increasing the technological potential of soft wheat grain, proposed by the author1, the variety of wheat had the largest share of influence among the eight factors studied. In view of such a significant influence of the variety on the formation of TP, the first step in determining measures to increase TP should be to identify promising grades of soft wheat of Kazakhstan breeding, for which the microstructure of wheat grain was studied with the latest methods, using modern microscopy. Structural elements of cellular tissues of anatomical parts of wheat grain, different mosaic of microstructure of cells, their connection represent a picture that predetermines the quality and, in general, the perspective of the grain variety in its intended use. In view of this, the microstructure of the 7 most common varieties of summer and winter soft wheat of Kazakhstan was determined using an analytical scanning electron microscope JSM-7500 F. Investigations of grain microstructure were conducted for the first time in interrelation with the complex of indicators of technological value (TD) selected from 16 wheat quality indicators according to the principle of the least degree of multicollience, i.e., mutual influence, and combined into one TP index. The obtained results of the studies made it possible to quantify the features of the microstructure of the anatomical parts of wheat and to link them to the TD values of the grain. Thus, it was found that the protein content in the grain increases with the increase in the size of the starch granules, with the content of the smallest granules increases, the protein content decreases. Thus, certain interrelations between the TP index and the microstructure of soft wheat grains of the studied varieties have revealed the most promising varieties of Kazakh wheat.

The article is devoted to the problem of protein nutrition deficiency among the planet's population. The urgency of attracting protein-containing vegetable crops to diets of various groups of the population is revealed. It is noted that in recent years, the population has seen a decrease in the intake of complex carbohydrates, an increase in the intake of easily digestible carbohydrate and fatty foods. The consequence of an unbalanced diet is a decrease in life expectancy, an increase in endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. It is found out that alfalfa is a domestic unpretentious agricultural crop with a high yield and is widely cultivated in Russia. It is found out that alfalfa is a domestic unpretentious agricultural crop with a high yield and is widely cultivated in Russia. The prospect of attracting alfalfa to food production has been established. The chemical composition of the seeds of alfalfa has been studied. The article presents the results of studies to determine the content of vitamins, the composition of amino acids, the amount of macro- and microelements in the object. It was found out that the chemical composition of alfalfa seeds is characterized by a high content of protein, complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins (A, B3, B5, B9, E, K), macro- (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus) and microelements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc). Lucerne can be an effective source of leucine, lysine, isoleucine, valine and threonine. Based on the above studies, it is concluded that the seeds of alfalfa are a promising raw material for the replacement of animal proteins, the enrichment of low nutritional vegetable proteins, the regulation of the chemical composition of catering products, the creation of analogues of food products and the development of specialized products of baby food. Alfalfa seeds are proposed for the development of low-calorie food formulas, food products with low cholesterol and the creation of specialized products for the correction of metabolic disorders of the body. It is shown that alfalfa, along with other domestic agricultural crops, is very promising in food production.

A great popularity in the food industry in recent years has received lupins due to a unique combination of technological and food properties and accessibility. Lupine is characterized by a high proportion of proteins, its seeds are dominated by readily soluble protein fractions: 20.65% albumins, 50.5% globulins with a high content of essential amino acids. Enrichment of the milk-vegetable extract with native components of lupine is carried out during extraction with intensification by its low-frequency mechanical oscillations. The high content of proteins in the lupine during processing leads to a negative technological change in the organoleptic properties of products - odor. The measurement of the composition of the volatile fraction of odor in the equilibrium gas phase over the samples was carried out in the NIL on the experimental analyzer of smells "MAG 8" with the methodology "electronic nose" (manufactured by LLC Sensorika - New Technologies, Voronezh). To establish the differences in the composition (qualitative and quantitative) of the volatile fraction of smell, the change in the total content of volatile components in the equilibrium gas phase over the samples was traced. According to the shape of the "visual fingerprint" of the maximum responses of all sensors in the array, there are no significant differences in the chemical composition of the equilibrium gas phase over the samples. The native smell of milk whey remained unchanged, but became more qualitatively softer with a tasting assessment due to the fact that 50% of the composition of the volatile fraction of odor was changed by the method of pasteurization. The study of the smell of the native and pasteurized milk and vegetable extract allows us to conclude that the chosen method of pasteurization can be recommended in food technology using a milky-vegetable extract enriched with lupine proteins.

Good and healthy nutrition is one of the most important and necessary conditions for conservation of life and health of the nation. In recent years in the science of nutrition a new direction - functional nutrition has developed. Functional nutrition products, when used systematically, should have a regulating effect on the macroorganism or certain organs and systems, providing a non-medicamentous correction of their function. Functional food products are intended for the systematic use in diet in all age- groups of healthy population. Consisting of physiologically functional food ingredients they reduce the risk of developing nutritional diseases, preserve and improve health. Physiologically functional food ingredients include biologically active and physiologically valuable ingredients , safe for health, having precise physicochemical characteristics. Their properties have been identified and scientifically justified, and daily intake of food products has been established. These are dietary fiber, vitamins, in particular vitamins-antioxidants, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and their sources, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Bakery products were and remain one of the main food products of the population of our country. Thanks to its daily consumption bread is one of the most important food products, the nutritional value of which is of primary importance. It provides more than 50% of the daily energy requirement and up to 75% of the demand for vegetable protein. Therefore, functional nutrition products are of great importance for improving the diet of the population.

A characteristic feature of sour cream products is the production of recombined cream, obtained from natural cow milk raw materials, dry skimmed milk and / or substitutes, dry cream and / or substitutes, vegetable protein and milk fat substitute, with the addition or Without the addition of milk processing products by ripening with pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria with or without the addition of stabilizers, flavorings, preservatives and for direct use as food. The use of dairy fat substitutes in dairy products has long been practiced by manufacturers. Advantages of a substitute for milk fat in front of milk fat are obvious: the composition does not include cholesterol, which does not increase the risk of heart disease; Contains unsaturated fatty acids, which are useful for the body and are quickly absorbed; adding a substitute for improved product consistency; A substitute is cheaper than natural milk fat, as a result of which the final product is more affordable. Products based on a substitute for milk fat are shown to people suffering from diabetes, hypertension or lactose intolerance. The production of the sour cream product was carried out according to the standard technological scheme with addition of the operation of introducing the chitosan solution before the fermentation stage. Grounded structure and rational ratio to the chitosan solution formulation sour cream product. It is proved that the introduction of a solution of chitosan into the composition of the sour cream product leads to a more stable and long-lasting preservation of the quality and safety indicators of products and an increase in their shelf life. It is possible to implement the results obtained in industrial conditions.

Fatty acid composition of vegetable oils is the fundamental quality characteristics. To determine the fatty acid composition, the SP-2560 column and Chromotec 5000.1 gas chromatograph were used. As a result of the studies it was established that fatty acids of 18 and 16 groups prevail in safflower oil, the content of the remaining fatty acids in the total is 1.2%. In the test sample, the prevalence of omega-6 fatty acids (concentration of 80% of linoleic and ?-linolenic fatty acids) is observed. Omega-6 fatty acids help the body burn excess fat, instead of postponing it for future use. Natural fatty acids are the bricks of human prostaglandins, mountain-monopodic substances that help normalize blood pressure, control muscle contractions and participate in the immune response of the body. The qualitative characteristics of vegetable oil are also physicochemical indicators. The acid number of safflower oil was 1.07 mgKOH/g, the peroxide number was 8.09 mmol/kgO2, the anisidine number of safflower oil was 3.25. Moisture of rapeseed oil is 0.03%. Safflower oil can be used as a biofuel, the lowest heat of its combustion is 36.978 MJ/kg; density – 913 kg/m3; kinematic viscosity 85.6 mm2/s. In comparison with rapeseed oil, the specific effective fuel consumption is reduced by 2.08%. The obtained fatty acid content of the analyzed sample of safflower oil is well correlated with the literature data, which indicates the high accuracy of the studies, the sample does not belong to the high oleic vegetable oils. The obtained values for qualitative characteristics indicate the prospects of using this type of oil directly in food, as well as for the production of oilseeds, such as mayonnaise, sauces, spreads.

Improving the food industry has led to a significant increase in the role of packaging in food production. At present, so-called "active packings" have appeared that have a positive effect on the product in contact with it, including through the use of antimicrobial additives. Work has been carried out on the use of a water-soluble form of chitosan in the technological process for the production of creamy butter "Krestyanskoe". The sample of chitosan was dissolved in drinking water with ascorbic acid (mass fraction 1%). The resulting chitosan solution was applied to the packaging material-aluminum laminated foil. Packaging is considered suitable for use after complete evaporation of moisture at room temperature from the surface of the material. The process of obtaining butter cream was carried out according to a conventional technological scheme by converting high-fat cream. It is determined that butter "Peasant" with chitosan is microbiologically more resistant than the control sample. The effect of the mass fraction of chitosan in the inner layer of the packaging material on the contacting product was experimentally established. It is established that the developed modified package allows to reduce the number of pathogens on the oil surface. In the course of storage, the control samples before the experimental ones showed the first signs of spoilage: an acidic unpleasant smell appeared and an aftertaste that sharply increased by the end of the storage period. The results of determining the organoleptic properties of the products correlated with physicochemical and microbiological indices. On the surface of the oil of the control samples, a more active development of yeast and mold fungi was observed. It is determined that the use of chitosan solution inhibits the development of mold fungi and yeast. The possibility of increasing the shelf life of butter "Peasant" in modified packaging by an average of 30% is proved.

In this paper, we studied the influence of zinc-containing technological additives on partial replacement of zinc oxide and stearic acid on deformation-strength and performance properties of tire elastomeric compositions based on polyisoprene rubber and combination of oil-filled butadiene-styrene and polybutadiene rubbers. It was revealed that partial replacement of zinc oxide and stearic acid with zinc-containing technological additives does not significantly affect the basic physico-mechanical properties of rubbers based on synthetic rubbers of general use. It was determined that the introduction of zinc-containing technological additives SCC2 in combination with zinc oxide in all the studied ratios and SCC3 in combination with zinc oxide in 4: 1 and 3: 1 ratios leads to increase (up to 10.4%) of the resistance of these rubbers under the action of temperature-force fields, which is probably due to a more even distribution of polar components of curing system in non-polar elastomeric matrix, as well as the type of cross-links formed during vulcanization under the action of surface-active additives. It has been found that the introduction of zinc-containing additives into the elastomeric compositions based on SRMS-30 ARKM-15 + SRD in combination with zinc oxide leads to increase to 6.3% of wear resistance of rubbers, which may be due to a lower defectiveness of vulcanization structure of these rubbers, concentration of stress centers in the material. For rubbers based on SRI-3, preservation of bond strength of rubber with a textile cord at a sufficiently high level is shown.

A new approach is proposed for a quick, simple assessment of one of the quality indicators of gasoline - the concentration of actual pitches. Separate standard quality indicators for the gasoline samples (with octane number 92), which are associated with the content of the components of petroleum fractions and other non-volatile compounds, were measured. The method of piezoquartz micro-weighting with one-sided loading of the resonant electrode of the resonator, sensitive on mass (OAB-type) with a limiting contour, is used. The correlation between the results obtained by piezoquartz micro-weighing and by the standard method was studied. Critical points of the developed method are determined - the stage of applying the exact volume of samples to the resonator electrode with a micro syringe. The method of molecular absorption spectroscopy in the middle UV region relative to hexane revealed differences in the composition of the components of the petroleum fraction of gasoline samples. The principle of comparing "fingerprints" is used to compare and establish the degree of identity of spectra and composition for gasoline samples from several characteristic points on the spectra. To find and evaluate the tightness of the connection between the results of different methods, a nonparametric method for small samples with the Spearman rank correlation was used. It is established that the values of the Spearman's correlation coefficients for the piezoquartz microweighting and the peak optical density present in all gasoline samples at the characteristic wavelength have a direct and strong tightness of the connection. The dependence of the signs is statistically significant, there is a close linear relationship between the parameters. The possibility of applying the piezoquartz micro-weighting method to develop an express method for estimating the non-volatile residue of gasoline was positively evaluated.

For all dry machining process, temperature generated in the cutting zone is the major challenge. It causes tool failure and results in unsatisfactory surface finish. Application of flood coolant method during machining processes can significantly reduce the temperature and consequently extend the cutting tool life. However, it has serious concerns regarding environmental pollution, operator health and manufacturing cost. These issues are usually attempts to be overcame by using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. This method merges the advantages of both dry cutting and flood cooling by spraying a small amount of lubricant to the cutting zone using vegetable oil. In this paper, another technique is proposed in order to further enhance the machineability of the stainless tool steel (STAVAX ESR 48 HRC). This involves using of nitrogen gas (N₂) and air as cooling medium in combination with oil mist lubricant (MQL). The results show that the combination between nitrogen and oil-mist lubricant much more prolonged the tool life and improved the surface finish than the air-oil mist lubricant medium.

Drying is a process often used in chemical and food industry. This process requires a lot of energy, that’s why it is necessary to search new ways for reduce energy consumption in the process of drying. This is achieved by finding the most energy intensive periods of drying and development of methods for their intensification. The exploration of the kinetics of the drying process let's find out specific areas and to assess energy efficiency. That’s why in the theory of the kinetics of drying arose curves of drying and curves of drying speed. These curves don’t give full vision of the passage of the drying process, but drying speed is important part of the procedure for its simulation. For further analysis of the kinetics of the drying process in chemical and food industry can be used the term of «accelerated drying». This value determines quickness changes of the drying speed this means that it is the first derivative of the drying speed by time or the second derivative by humidity. The result of introduction into the theory of the kinetics of drying such magnitude as accelerated drying will calculate the time required for drying. By this, the obtained curves of accelerated drying can be used for find the periods with the maximum energy consumption, which in term can help to minimize them. The accelerated drying allows described period of falling drying speed more fully, to assess drying speed changes and can be used in analysis of the kinetics of energy reduction, as well as be useful in the development of resource - saving research processes in chemical and allied industries.

The issues of purification of secondary waters of industrial production have an important place and are relevant in the environmental activities of all food and chemical industries. For cleaning the transporter-washing water of beet-sugar production the key role is played by the equipment of treatment plants. A wide variety of wastewater treatment equipment is classified according to various methods. Typical structures used are sedimentation tanks, hydrocyclones, separators, centrifuges. In turn, they have a different degree of purification, productivity through the incoming suspension and purified secondary water. This is equipment is divided into designs, depending on the range of particles to be removed. A general classification of methods for cleaning the transporter-washing water, as well as the corresponding equipment, is made. Based on the analysis of processes and instrumentation, the main methods of wastewater treatment are identified: mechanical, physicochemical, combined, biological and disinfection. To increase the degree of purification and reduce technical and economic costs, a combined method is widely used. The main task of the site for cleaning the transporter-washing waters of sugar beet production is to provide the enterprise with water in the required quantity and quality, with economical use of water resources, taking into account the absence of pollution of surface and groundwater by industrial wastewater. In the sugar industry is currently new types of washing equipment of foreign production are widely used, which require high quality and a large amount of purified transporter-washing water for normal operation. The proposed classification makes it possible to carry out a comparative technical and economic analysis when choosing the methods and equipment for recuperation of secondary waters. The main equipment secondary water recovery used at the beet-sugar plant is considered. The most common beet processing plant is a radial settler.

Mannose and mannooligosaccharides have a number of functional properties, which confirms the need to study their obtaining. Mannose, being an indispensable carbohydrate component of immunoglobulins, exhibits anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, immunostimulating properties and can be used for the prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions. Mannooligosaccharides have prebiotic and antioxidant activity. Potential source of mannose and mannooligosaccharides is mannan of plant raw materials, enzymatic treatment of which is a promising and environmentally safe way of their obtaining. As a plant raw material for mannans selection spruce wood was chosen. The effect of the dosage of enzymatic preparations of β-mannanase B. subtilis and Tr. harzianum and hydrolysis duration on the efficiency of the hydrolysis of spruce wood mannans were investigated. Rational parameters of the process of mannan hydrolysis for β-mannanases of various origins were established. For β-mannanase B. subtilis optimal parameters are the dosage of the enzyme preparation 10 U / g, duration 3 hours, temperature 35° C, pH 7.0. For β-mannanase Tr. harzianum the following characteristics were used: dosage of enzyme preparation 15 U / g, duration 4 hours, temperature 60° С, pH 4.5. The ability of mannose containing hydrolysates obtained during fermentative hydrolysis of mannans to stimulate the development of bifidobacteria in vitro in comparison with inulin Raftiline and mannose was investigated. The hydrolysates studied had a pronounced ability to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria throughout the entire cultivation process, comparable to the activity of the recognized growth promoter of inulin bifidobacteria. However, the hydrolysates obtained by B. subtilis β-mannanase showed more pronounced prebiotic activity compared to the hydrolysates obtained in the hydrolysis of mannans with β-mannanase Tr. harzianum. Thus, the high catalytic ability of B. subtilis β-mannanase to split spruce wood mannans and the more pronounced ability of hydrolysates to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria make it preferable to use this enzyme to produce mannose containing hydrolyzates from spruce wood..

Beta-glucan is a branched polysaccharide whose monomers are bound by (1,3, 1,4) and (1,6) beta-glucosidic bonds and has a wide spectrum of biological activity and, above all, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory. Beta-glucan is found in fungi, yeast, bacteria, algae. However, the isolation of beta-glucan from this raw material, both natural and obtained in industrial conditions by biotechnological methods, is economically costly. A promising source of beta-glucan are grains: oats, barley, wheat, rye, rice, corn and millet. The industrial interest in cereals is associated with a high content of soluble branched non-starchy polysaccharides, from which beta-glucan production is possible. The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of alkaline and two-step alkaline and enzymatic methods for treating oat and oat bran grains on the efficiency of beta-glucan release. As a result of the studies, it has been established that the combination of alkaline and enzymatic methods for the isolation of beta glucan from the grain of oats of holed grinded and oat bran is more effective than the alkaline method. The yield of beta-glucan in the treatment with the alkaline and enzymatic method of oat bran is higher than that from the grain of oats of the hollow grinded. It has been shown that beta-glucan isolated from oat bran by two-step alkaline and enzymatic one-step alkaline methods contains fewer concomitant substances compared to beta-glucan isolated from the grain of oats of the hollow grinded. The higher yield of beta-glucan from oat bran can be explained by the high content in them, and also by the use of a grain-sized grain. The preliminary dissolution of the proteins of the aleuron layer and endosperm in sodium hydroxide, as well as starch and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis thereof, leads to a more complete recovery of beta-glucan.

The research work offers a new evaluation technique of longitudinal mixing intensity of biotechnological suspension in fixed reactors by counting the proportion of microorganisms that differ by the stay period in any certain reactor volume. To estimate the mixture level of microorganisms of different ages in a vessel volume of interest is important to both biotechnologist and equipment engineers to form the structural-functional model of two-phase suspension flow (including microorganisms), to control the flow and to define the main fluid dynamics and technological parameters of the implementing process. It has been known that when the microorganisms of too different age coexist in a unit volume of the production substrate, the biochemical process of directed mass transfer goes ineffective. Since the metabolic processes of microorganisms run with great speed, the change of their functional age character can be correlated with the residence time of the cells in the system. To make the principal decisions while constructing new equipment (or improving the existing one) with the aim of realizing the flow model which is close to piston flow, it is necessary to have the correct method of calculating the proportion of coexisting microorganisms with different stay periods in the bioreagents flow volume of interest. This research work offers a probability-theoretical approach to making the mathematical model of the two-phase fluid diffusion flux, that allows to calculate the proportion of coexisting microorganisms with different stay periods in the in the arbitrarily given vessel volume. The method is based on the mathematical apparatus of the Markovian diffusion process, which is characterized by mathematical simplicity and physical clearness. Thus the obtained results allow us to assume the fluid-flow state of the ‘production substrate–microorganisms’ system, and, building upon it, to predict the efficiency of biochemical processes realized in flow-through apparatus.

Properties of microbial cultures were carefully studied and strains of lactic and propionate bacteria, which meet requirements imposed to the preserving medicines, are chosen. The following strains were selected: Bifidobacterium bifidum N1 as a lyophilizate, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii - KM 186 in the form of a liquid preparation, Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3 in the form of lyophilizate. To obtain this bacterial concentrate, a series of experiments was conducted to select the necessary concentrations and to create the optimal composition of the starter for each type of silicate raw material. A positive result was the absence of extraneous micro flora in the stored biomass after a month. The quality of harvested silage was judged by the content of organic acids in the herbaceous mass. The main indicator of the effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria for leaven is the accumulation of lactic acid, propionic acid - propionic acid. The content of acids in the siloing of the labor-prone (amaranth red in the phase of the milk-wax ripeness, quinoa) and light-sown crops (corn at the beginning of the phase of wax ripeness (end of the phase of milky wax ripeness), sunflower one-year-old oilseed at the beginning of flowering) was determined in accordance with GOST. The high content of lactic and propionic acids guarantees good preservation of the silage. Their low content means a lack of sugars in the mass or indicates that oxygen penetrates into the mass.

The search and testing of compounds with antioxidant, antimutagenic, antitumor activity, low toxicity, efficacy and low cost is actual task. One of the substances that meet these requirements is methylene blue. It is used as antiseptic, antidote for poisoning with cyanides, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, neuroprotective agent, photosensitizer, antioxidant, regulator of enzyme activity. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of methylene blue on the frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in erythrocytes of blood of mice using a micronucleus test. The use of methylene blue contributed to decrease in the level of spontaneous mutagenesis in erythrocyte cells in mice: in the control group, the incidence of micronuclei was 4.78 ± 0.58 ‰, oral administration of methylene blue at a dose of 15 mg/kg for 60 days led to the decrease of the study parameter up to 2.99 ± 0.34 ‰. The antimutagenic effect of methylene blue is obviously based on its ability to bind free radicals and protect the genetic material of cells from damage. The detection of mechanisms of action and dose-dependent effects of methylene blue requires additional studies.

This article examines the problem of assessing the financial stability of an enterprise. The financial status of the enterprise is characterized by a set of financial indicators, and the most widespread method of the analysis of these indices is the method of financial coefficients. However the financial coefficients calculated for the specific enterprise often contradict each other that results in ambiguity of assessment of a financial status. For elimination of this ambiguity in this operation the generalized index of structure of the capital as rating number is entered. which variable (signs) are normed by division into the appropriate boundaries of normal restrictions for each financial coefficient. Weight coefficients of the created rating number are defined by the modern method of the analysis of hierarchies. For the provided these balances of 10 specific enterprises the generalized indices of structure of the capital are calculated, diagrams are constructed and the most unsuccessful enterprises are defined. Further very important problem about communication of the received estimates with results of assessment of a financial status in general by a method of the scoring analysis is solved. Comparing of the appropriate diagrams shows high-quality coincidence, and for the quantitative confirmation of communication correlation analysis is used. The correlation coefficient of Pearson for the considered enterprises is equal 0,945, and the coefficient of grade correlation of Spirmen used for check is equal 0,967 that demonstrates close correlative connection of the results received by method of the generalized index of structure of the capital and method of the scoring analysis. The last circumstance allows to recommend calculation of the generalized index as a method of preliminary express assessment of a financial status of the enterprises. The offered technique can be used also for creation of other generalized indices, for example, of the generalized index of solvency.

Adoption of the administrative decision is impossible without reliable information on the conditions of innovative economy. Accounting is the main information base upon development of administrative decisions therefore a larger number of organizations automates accounting. The variety of accounting software makes it necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of software for the optimal choice. Specifications for the activities of certain organizations should be considered by that. The structure of the market of modern accounting software products of Russia is analyzed in this paper. The opinion of experts in this area is studied. Automation of accounting of material and production stocks is studied with the use of the most popular accounting software products of the Russian Federation. Advantages and shortcomings of the considered accounting programs on the subject are revealed. Introducing of automation in accounting of material and production stocks considerably simplifies the work of accountants, excludes errors in accounting and allows to optimize activity of the organization in all aspects. At the same time software products can't replace experts. Selection and training of personnel also influence the efficiency of automation of accounting. The conducted researches have allowed to reveal the priority directions of improvement of systems of automation of accounting. The results of the analysis can be used by experts and heads of the organizations while making the choice of accounting automation programs. The article has an orientation character while working on the making pats of educational programs for students in Economics. It provides updating of contents and structure of disciplines on accounting automation..

The formation of the digital economy and the structure of the new points of economic growth takes place in Russia in the face of many challenges internal and external. Among questions of the budgetary perspective the special relevance is taken shape and methods of realization of the principles of the budgetary federalism in the sphere of the interbudgetary relations. The purposes of work consist in search of new technologies of development of interbudgetary relations in the context of the formation of the digital economy. Based on the analysis of the observed new trends in the dynamic indicators of intergovernmental transfers as one of the main tools for implementation of fiscal federalism, and the dynamics of the gross regional product, it is determined that the close linear relationship between them is missing. Analytical and theoretical results of the study showed that the existing system of interbudgetary relations does not promote objective economic conditions for independence of territorial budgets for execution of revenue and expenditure powers. The obtained results can be used to develop new technological bases of system of interbudgetary relations in the formation of the digital economy. For the effective development of interbudgetary relations in modern conditions it is expedient at the national level to develop and begin implementation of the project for implementation in daily practice of intergovernmental relations blockchain technology. Despite the fact that the blockchain technology is in an early stage of its development, however, it carries great potential for global change principles of functioning of many spheres of life. This, potentially, could become one of the leading projects of strategic national socio-economic development.

Proposed the technique of development of the system of actions to implementation of the effective development strategy of the enterprise is described. Control of financial risks of the enterprise represents a part of activities of the financial manager. Each enterprise for support of stable operation in the future, shall have accurately definite purposes. The most effective system of management is the system of strategic management which demands from principals of understanding of an entity of strategy, use of receptions and methods of strategic management, development of strategic plans. From here, strategy shall change and adapt to change of conditions, both the external, and internal environment. Therefore, the business management problem is urgent. The analysis of the specified problems showed absence of effective management of the enterprises taking into account risk situations. Now there are no effective techniques and models of business management representing the relations of the economic subject assuming correlation in provision and consuming of goods and services. The policy of control of financial risks represents a part of the general financial strategy of the enterprise consisting in system development an action for neutralization of possible negative financial consequences of the risks connected to implementation of different aspects of financial activities. Within this policy the list of financial risks is defined. The most significant financial risks are identified and by means of a ball scale ranging of risks is made and the curve of accents is defined. The conclusion is drawn on a status of a problem of financial risks at the enterprise: the most priority risk is the risk of lowering of financial stability (or risk of violation of equilibrium of financial development), it has the greatest assessment. Further risks of insolvency (or risk of unbalanced liquidity) the enterprises and criminogenic risk follow. The least priority is the deposit risk. At the final stage methods of lowering of financial risks of the enterprise are offered. Such as prediction and monitoring of production and financial activities with establishment of the normative ranges, increase in solvency through optimization of control of monetary assets. And as methods of lowering of criminogenic risk methods of transfer of financial risk, such as, diversification and insurance are selected

In this paper, studies on juice products market in Kemerovo, preferences of Kemerovo residents buying juice products were conducted. With the help of the data obtained, the characteristics of juice products market in Kemerovo with the identification of the main suppliers of products were given. The object of the study in thiswork was the residents of Kemerovo. The purpose of the work was to study juice products market in Kemerovo, to investigate the preferences of Kemerovo residents buying juice products. The objectives of this work werethe following: characteristics of juice products market in Kemerovo, determining of the potential of the juice products market, analysis of the division of the market between producers, processing of the data obtained concerning the state of the juice products market in Kemerovo. The survey method was used to study the goals. Questioning is a method of collecting primary material in the form of a written survey of a large number of respondents to collect information on the state of certain aspects of the process under study. The questionnaire can cover a wide range of people, which makes it possible to minimize atypical manifestations, while personal contact with the respondent is not necessary. Another important advantage of the method is the convenience of performing mathematical processing of questionnaires. According to the processed questionnaires, advice of recommendation character, which is not mandatory for use, was given to the producers of juice products. Taking these recommendations into account, the manufacturer will be able to determine the characteristic and inherent features of the juice market in Kemerovo. Kemerovo residents were asked to answer a number of questions. The survey was conducted anonymously. The answers are informative and will be used for further study.

Globalization stimulating the world economy affects to a large extent the food market of the Russian Federation. Cold supply systems are directly related to solving the problems of food supply security of the country. Artificial refrigerationhas a key role in supplyingand preserving food for the population. According to the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), artificial refrigeration plays an important role in the social, economic, and environmental spheres. The Concept of long-term development of refrigeration engineering with the purposeof energy saving and environmental protection sets the problem of reducing energy consumption by 30-50% decreasing refrigerant leaks twice. In 2015 the proportion of refrigeration equipment supplied by import or collected in Russia from imported components ranged from 40 to 60%. Russia's entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO), contributing to the globalization of the world economy, has given a rise to the development of the refrigeration industry. Reduction of customs duties on imported equipment led to the development of Russian companies andprice cut of home equipment.The level of service maintenance of home equipmentalso has increased due to international cooperation. However, there are some drawbacks. Nowadaysall factories of refrigeration engineering in Russia mustuse their own patented technologies or pay for the use of technologies patented in other countries.There are more stringent requirements in observanceof international agreements on environmental protection ,limiton the production and use of halogenated hydrocarbons as refrigerants and refrigeration equipment, which requires additional investment for refrigeration systems and their production. It should be noted that with the development of globalization of world economies, the protection of the interests of home refrigeration engineering in order to ensure economic security is becoming extremely important. Permanent financing of scientific research, as well as development projects from international funds, states and large companies, increasing the number of students in the refrigeration business and improving the quality of their training will solve this problem.

In this article a variant of the economic-mathematical substantiation of optimization approaches choice of tools for the survey of airfields, the mechanism of the use of multiple statistical criteria for optimality and usefulness of the decisions taken in this matter, when operating in conditions of uncertainty. Lately in the modern world in many socio-economic areas of human life quite often there are thematic challenges of managerial decision-making in a conflict environment and competition, when several in the General case, reasonable working actors perform collective decision-making, and the benefits of each depends not only on the chosen business strategies, but also from management decisions of other partners and the success of the experiments. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and substantiation of optimum variants of decision of choice of forces and means to perform tasks in conditions of uncertainty, that is also acceptable for military units. The actual problem currently is to optimize system control engineering-airfield security, the components of which perform their tasks under conditions of uncertainty. Analysis of opportunities of technical means (unmanned aerial vehicles) shows that under the condition of equipping them with the appropriate equipment can be considered about the possibility of their use as part of a complex of technical means for inspection of airfields after the who enemy action in the runway. Therefore, the scientific goal in this article is to examine the possibilities of using technical means for inspection of airfield engineering and airfield services, and the aim of the study is using mathematical methods to justify the choice of the most effective means, from the point of view of economic cost of its introduction and use when performing tasks in conditions of uncertainty.

The problems of national and economic security maintenanceis aggravating in modern conditions of globalization and international competition related to controlof market channels, technological, information and natural resources.Today Russia is making all efforts to protect its position on the world stage and improve the lives of its citizens.Despite the worsening of the present economic, political and social differences in the world, the Russian Federation has its own national interests, which can be possible to fulfill only on the basis of sustainable development of the national economic security system.The latter traditionally determines the ability of the state economic system to maintain normal conditions for the national economy functioning and the population activity. The national economic securitystabilitycan be estimated only by the application of elaborate tools of the economic development indicators analysis and the threshold values examinationaimed at the determination of the quality characteristic of actual and the most successful model of the economic activity.The analysis of the current Russian economic situation showed the presence of some serious problems existing in the national economy. The economic security level of Russia, having a tendency to increase in the period of 1998-2013, has been sharply reduced to critical points since 2014. So, it is necessary to take some measures to restructure the system of economic security of the state. Based on the research it was identified the list of the most dangerous threats to the modern Russian economy, which includes: low level of the country industrial production; the economy dependence on goods import and raw materials export; low living standards of the population; the rapid growth of the shadow economy and corruption; the lack of civil science and innovationdevelopment. The main strategic directions for economic security levelincrease in Russia today and in the future are aimed at the re-industrialization based on innovation and import substitution, on the perfect restructuring and renewal of all power branches and their representatives..

The different levels of the social economy are considered. The meso level of the social economy is analyzed. Such concepts as regional structure, branch structure, reproduction structure, regional stability of social and economic system are revealed through the prism of social economy. The components of the regional structure of the social economy are revealed. The foreign experience of socio-economic regional development is considered. The stability of regional socio-economic systems is analyzed. Regions of Russia are ranked according to the stability criterion. The conclusion about heterogeneity of social and economic policy of development of regions is substantiated. The largest group is formed by regions with a level of economic stability below the average. It is concluded that the regional socio-economic systems are inadequate and that the tools for managing these processes at the sub-federal level are needed. The causes of heterogeneity are systematized. Measures are proposed for equalizing regional development. Government innovative programs are analyzed. Government innovative programs are analyzed. Measures are proposed to increase the stability of the investment climate in the region. The foreign experience in the field of social and economic development of regions is considered. Regions are ranked according to the criterion of foreign economic activity. Groups of regions with external economic potential from the highest to the weakest are singled out. The contradiction and significant difference in the external economic status of the subjects of the Russian Federation necessitates its further formation and enhancement. Also for the process of formation and functioning of the social economy, the ratio between consumption and accumulation becomes an indispensable moment, since this is a key element of expanded reproduction. It is concluded that the program of social and economic development is an integrated system of targeted development programs that comprehensively and comprehensively ensures the development and implementation of resources and the organization of development activities for various elements of the region.

The article is devoted to the consideration of topical issues of introducing a cluster approach into the economy of the region. The authors studied the specific features and problems of the development of the agricultural complex in the Bryansk region. It is substantiated that the introduction of the cluster approach contributes to obtaining a synergistic effect from the use of the business competencies of the enterprises that make up the cluster. The system of normative acts of the Bryansk region is considered. Their multidirectional action is noted that does not ensure the acquisition of synergies from the coordinated functioning of technologically interconnected enterprises and market entities. Thus, there is no agreed policy in the sphere of production and processing of agricultural products. The authors believe that the development of methodological support for cluster development is required. It must take into account the interests of all market participants. The goals, tasks and recommendations on the implementation of cluster policy in the agriculture of the Bryansk region are presented. The following directions are singled out: the formation of conditions for stimulating the creation of clusters in agriculture; formation of conditions for the development of agro-industrial clusters in the Bryansk region; the formation of conditions for an objective evaluation of the effectiveness and analysis of the functioning of the cluster. The authors determined the prerequisites for the creation of a regional agro-industrial cluster in the Bryansk region: the availability of commodity markets for cluster products (mainly external, due to the limited capacity of the domestic market); the availability of a resource component for the functioning of the cluster (labor, financial, material, information, etc.); level of complexity for individual enterprises to create large-scale productions without interacting with other enterprises.

In the article, the tools for stimulating the innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) at the regional level are considered, with special attention paid to the Volgograd region. The authors proposed the introduction of an innovative voucher in order to stimulate the demand for innovation by SMEs, as well as their cooperation with research organizations. At the same time, innovative vouchers should be integrated into a broader innovation strategy in which firms using innovative vouchers could be directed to further stages of business innovation. It is appropriate to include in this strategy the instruments of cooperation between SMEs and research organizations (innovative networks and clusters, technology parks, various forms of cooperation between universities and SMEs, support for professional associations, etc.), as well as incentives for innovative activity (innovative tax credit, innovative leasing , financing of start-ups, mentoring institute). The authors consider the foreign experience of innovation activity stimulating and the possibility of its application in Russia. Some of the instruments considered are already used in one way or another in the Volgograd region, but most of them are not aimed at supporting exactly innovative SMEs. The authors concluded that it is necessary to stimulate cooperation between SMEs and research organizations of the Volgograd region as one of the priority directions of the state economic policy of regional authorities. On the basis of this cooperation in the future, such structures as innovative networks, clusters and technoparks can be created. One of the first steps in this direction could be the introduction of an innovative voucher in the Volgograd region.

The article presents the analysis of the security of the food market during the period 2010-2015, with an account of modern conditions of economy of the Russian Federation. The volume of production (manufacturing) of major food products in Russia in the period 2010-2015 indicate the increase in domestic production of food products such as meat products, fish and fish products, frozen fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products. Key categories of micro-economic analysis is supply and demand in selected markets. On the basis of information about the diets of the population per capita in the region and Russia as a whole, revealed that the consumption of meat and meat products, eggs complies with the standards. The problem of formation of demand for food products is relevant due to the fact that consumption and demand for food in large parts of the population formed at an insufficient level due to low incomes. In examining the share of imported products in the food market of the Russian Federation, it was identified that there is a dependency on the following inventory: beef (import share of 57.3%), animal oil (34.4 per cent) and cheese (37.3 per cent). In the conditions of modern development of the economy another important factor is the state support of import substitution advocating a kind of incentive for the development and protection of own food production. Assessment of the dynamics of foreign trade turnover of trade in the region helps to identify trends in the development of relations in the region. The analysis of the index of foreign trade of the Urals Federal district in the period 2012-2016 has undergone minor changes, this fact is due to the introduction of foreign sanctions. Import substitution is one of the main factors contributing to implement large-scale and deep modernization of the domestic agricultural sector, causing the use of leading technology.

A necessary prerequisite for the growth of the national economy in modern conditions, namely the development of production and the increase in the competitiveness of domestic goods on the domestic and foreign markets, is the increase in the importance and effectiveness of the use of the scientific and technological potential of the country and the region. It is necessary to understand that the efficiency of functioning, both of the national economic system and of its regions, depends on how efficiently the innovative transformations are carried out. At the same time, it is on how successfully regional systems are transformed from the point of view of innovative processes, and the overall picture of the formation of an innovative economy in the country will be formed. Thus, innovative activity of organizations is an important condition for the development of the region's innovative economy, which can be characterized by a number of indicators. Among them we generalize – resource indicators of innovation activity, process indicators of innovation activity, effective indicators of innovation activity in the region. The analysis and calculation of innovative activity of organizations of the federal districts of the Russian Federation considered in the article makes it possible to differentiate the regions of Russia into different types according to the level of innovative development with the goal of making sound management decisions in the part of forming a regional innovation economy. At present, there are many problems in the formation of an innovative regional economy in the Russian Federation, for example, large financial costs, lack of scientific and technical base and reserve capacities in the regions, undeveloped legislation in the field of innovation, excessive centralization of companies, authoritarian management style, lack of interaction between business entities and Etc. Using the methodology for calculating the innovative development of regions described in the article, it is possible to determine the ways of solving the above problems.

The article deals with the problems of development of the market for feed grain and production, which accounts for about a third of the gross harvest of grain crops. The need to ensure the effective development of the market for feed grain of Kazakhstan and Russia acquires special relevance in modern conditions due to the variety of factors of internal and external influence. Grain firing by production volumes, quality and assortment does not meet the needs of the livestock sector in nutritious and affordable concentrate fodder. In connection with this, the poor quality of the feed base caused a decrease in production volumes with a deterioration in the provision of foodstuffs of animal origin to the population, which necessitated an increase in the import of livestock products, followed by a decrease in the demand for domestic feed grain by domestic agricultural producers. Similar problems adversely affect the dynamics of market development fodder grain and livestock in Kazakhstan and Russia. To ensure the product safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to improve the quality of life of the population, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to improve the forage bases of animal husbandry, stimulate and increase the production of high-quality meat products that can compete in domestic and foreign markets. Technical re-equipment and modernization of the enterprises for the production of mixed fodders in accordance with the requirements of international standards, the perspective development and placement of these enterprises in the regions should proceed from the technological features of the cattle-breeding industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the modern requirements of domestic and foreign markets for meat products. The introduction of effective mechanisms to meet the current needs of regional producers in a quality and affordable feed base will allow the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis of its own high resource potential, not only to solve the problems of the state's food supply, but also to successfully enter international markets.

The article describes a logical-probabilistic approach to the definition of crisis situations that threaten economic security. The onset of risk events of any kind entails two types of damage - direct economic and social damage, and indirect damage, which can be much more significant. The main strategic goal of ensuring economic security is the stable and most efficient functioning of the enterprise at present and ensuring its high potential for future development. The lack of a unified management mechanism due to systemic threats imposed on the economy as a whole led to an exacerbation of the situation primarily in the basic sectors (infrastructure, health, education, law enforcement). This, in turn, is the destructor of the basis for development and ensuring national security of the regions and the country as a whole, contributing to a decrease in the standard of living and quality of life of the population. Methods and methods of risk and safety management require the use of analysis covering all types of possible threats, such as engineering, economic, social factors, etc. And they must also take into account not only existing, but also remote consequences of the decisions made. The choice of a strategy for responding to a risk situation relies on the results of a comprehensive risk assessment, additional analysis of the technological and economic potential of the Voronezh region and industrial enterprise, the projected external environment, the current legal and regulatory framework (taxes, inflation, increase in the number of competitors), marketing and other studies. The organization of a risk management system based on their integrated assessment allows tracking and timely signaling of undesirable events in business activities.

The article considers innovative tools used in flour mills and offers management solutions aimed at increasing the competitiveness of these enterprises. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to expand the share of the industry market through the production of domestic products based on effective quality management. Studies have shown that most mills of modern foreign flour producers are equipped with the equipment necessary to enrich the product obtained. At present, enterprises of the Altai Territory, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Ryazan and Leningrad Regions, as well as Bashkiria and Tatarstan, are engaged in flour enrichment in Russia. Calculations confirm that flour fortification not only represents a number of advantages for human health, but also is economically beneficial for industry enterprises. The introduction of concentrates into flour may lead to a slight increase in cost, but should not cause significant changes in the selling price of the final product. These technological changes will allow the flour mill to use new competitive opportunities. Improving the quality of products due to the restoration of the level of vitamins and the increase of nutritional value will attract an additional consumer. The author developed an economic-mathematical model for optimizing the structure of production and sales of products using modern components based on the example of the flour-grinding enterprise of the Belgorod region. The calculations made allowed to ensure the maximum economic effect in the conditions of maintaining the existing system of distribution of products through the distribution channels, as well as maintaining the invariance of its value with the existing volumes of production. From this it follows that innovations in systems of resource efficiency and quality management are an effective tool for the balanced development of flour milling enterprises.

The article is devoted to the problems of industrial policy development, which can be considered both at the macro and microeconomic level. In this connection, various industrial policies that are interested in improving economic interaction are singled out by the subject. The main aspirations of the industrial policy development are the justification of its membership in terms of the effectiveness of their interaction, as well as the identification of directions for the development of industrial policy for its subjects. Domestic industry is in an extremely unstable state, the development of any program documentation, strategic and tactical plans that determine the parameters of industrial policy, should be clearly proactive, and the development of industrial enterprises should be in accordance with the principles of preventive management and using appropriate proactive tools. The decisions made by the subjects of the formation of industrial policy are influenced by preferences, changes in market conditions, actions of other entities and other factors. Each decision is a problem of choice and a subsequent assessment of their expectations. The development of strategic directions at the state level is impossible without a balance of regional and sectoral strategies, large interregional projects, territorial planning programs in municipalities. Industrial policy is an important part of the national policy aimed at reducing the technical and technological backlog of our country, the achievement of indicators of socio-economic growth and development of reference values, the achievement of key macroeconomic indicators of the planned values, the creation of conditions for the effective operation of industrial enterprises engaged in creative activities aimed at providing the population with quality products, environmental protection, energy savinge.

The development of theoretical provisions of economic security, their mechanisms and instruments is determined by the laws of the economy that reveal the management of production, the market processes of distribution, exchange, consumption, taking into account the features of industries, regions, the level of globalization, etc. Each sphere, region or branch of the economy is characterized by peculiar economic processes justified by a specific approach to their disclosure. Economic security, its emergence, development and adaptation to changing market conditions, is based on the information economy or on the knowledge economy. Economic security is determined by the costs of information, its confidentiality, taking into account the interaction, on the one hand, and the competition of various enterprises, regions and countries, on the other. In the process of economic development, knowledge in general and any specialists are needed, but only those that are necessary in the economy. Communication and interaction of science, knowledge, information with production provides not only economic security, but also their successful development. To develop certain principles or laws for the interaction of technological and economic factors, their degree and level of interaction, a study of economic activity was conducted. In the present study, a civilizational approach was used that is based on the determining role of man in the economy and society and the importance of knowledge and information, when the important mechanisms remain: the development of technology and technology, the role of knowledge and information, and communication. The implementation of the civilized approach takes into account the new methodological level of increasing economic security, when the main factor in the development of the economy is the scientific and technological progress that justifies the information path of economic development.