This article presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study of the impact of mechanical activation (vibration activation, vibro-mechanical activation) on the processes of seawater filtration through the filter partitions, performed on physical models in a laboratory setting closely resembling industrial conditions. Over the course of the experimental work, the main indicators of the processes of seawater filtration were determined based on the constructed curves that characterize the dependence of this processes on the applied modes of mechanical action, specifically the average throughput of paper, fabric and bulk filters (sand, gravel) when filtering seawater without its preliminary activation, after its preliminary vibration activation and vibration mechanical activation for 120 seconds under the same conditions (air temperature in the room, initial water temperature, volume of filtered liquid, its mass, volume and height of the column, etc.); average pressure difference, as well as average volume flow. It has been established that vibration activation and vibro-mechanical activation of seawater contributes to an increase in the throughput through the paper filter: vibration activation (up to 60%), vibro-mechanical activation (up to 78%); fabric filter: vibration activation (up to 8%), vibo- mechanical activation (up to 71%); bulk filter: vibration activation (up to 41%); vibrо-mechanical activation (up to 116%). It is established that there is a clear advantage of vibrо-mechanical activation over vibration activation: paper filter (by 18%), fabric filter (63%), bulk filter (75%). Along with this, the study of seawater before and after mechanical action was reflected in the form of an analysis of changes in physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH value, density, salinity, and the total amount of dissolved solids that affect the result.

The process of molding (flat pressing) of bakery and confectionery dough blanks, which are one of the important preparatory elements in the production technology of high-quality finished products, is investigated. Considering that the estimated indicators for predicting the quality of bakery and confectionery products are determined mainly by the rheological properties of the dough, a hydrodynamic model is proposed in which the problem of axisymmetric flow of a nonlinear viscous layer completely filling the space between two parallel absolutely rigid converging disks is solved. It is assumed that the incompressible model medium is described by the well-known Ostvadde de Ville equation, which also corresponds to bakery and flour confectionery semi-finished products by its basic rheological properties. The purpose of the proposed work is to study the flow of test material under axisymmetric compression under the action of constant force of approaching disks. The use of axisymmetric flow is due to its greater realism and ease of reproduction in laboratory conditions. Assuming a linear dependence of the tangential stresses on the radial pressure gradient, as well as the ideal adhesion of the deformable medium at the boundary of the approaching planes, analytical expressions are obtained showing the distribution of the radial flow velocity over the thickness of the deformable layer. Using the continuity equation, the distribution of the molding pressure over the surface of the deforming plates and the total force from the approaching disks are obtained. The obtained ratios describe not only the dynamics of the medium flow, but also allow, under the conditions of a single test, to determine the values of the rheological characteristics of the model medium: the coefficient of consistency (density) and the degree of viscosity. The experimental dependence of the layer thickness on the deformation time makes it possible to control the technological process of axisymmetric molding of flat dough blanks: pizza, cakes, noodles, etc..

The article presents the results of a systematic review of the literature, presenting relevant information about the functional properties of encapsulated dietary supplements. Encapsulation is a physico-chemical or mechanical process of encapsulating small particles of a substance in a shell of film-forming material. In the food industry and pharmaceutical industry encapsulation of bioactive components is used to regulate redox reactions, adjust taste, color and odor, increase shelf life, etc. The products, beverages and raw materials for their production entering the market nowadays must meet the requirements of safety, authenticity and nutritional value. Encapsulated forms of food additives are currently being considered as components of functional foods. With the advent of "molecular gastro-nomy" the technological properties of little-known hydrocolloids became more applicable by the producers of public catering products, which influenced the expansion of their use in the development of innovative food products. One of the methods of this direction is encapsulation of various food masses (sauces, juices, extracts, etc.). This method is an effective tool for the delivery of biologically active molecules (antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, phytosterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) in foods. Data on the optimization of the use of encapsulated dietary supplements are provided. The data in this review will provide insight into new encapsulation methods, ways to improve the stability of properties and bioavailability of functional foods. Encapsulation is considered a useful tool to improve the delivery of active compounds, nutrients, and living cells in foods to enhance immunity, well-being, and prevention.

Pastilles, along with marmalade, are characterized by a high nutritional value compared to other confectionery products and are one of the most popular food products. However, the high sugar content and the use of coloring and flavoring food additives limits their use in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, as well as people leading a healthy lifestyle. The paper presents the results of research on the development of marshmallow technology enriched with dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. The authors justified the reduction of the prescription amount of sugar by replacing part of it with Jerusalem artichoke syrup. At the same time, the amount of added sugar in the finished product decreases without worsening the properties of the products familiar to the consumer. Studies have also been conducted on the introduction of quince puree into the recipe of marshmallows and the replacement of part of applesauce with banana puree and chicory powder. Organoleptic quality indicators of the developed marshmallow were characterized by a pleasant pronounced aroma and taste. The analysis of the nutritional value of marshmallows showed that marshmallows with banana have a high content of dietary fiber (1.1 times), vitamins B1, B2, PP (1.1-1.6 times), carotene (2.8 times), as well as phosphorus (3 times), magnesium (1.9 times), calcium (b 1.3 times) and potassium (1.3 times), and marshmallows with quince - an increased content of dietary fiber (2.3 times), phosphorus (3 times), calcium (1.3 times), iron (1.1 times), magnesium (1.1 times), carotene (15.4 times), vitamin B2 (1.2 times) and C (2.6 times) in comparison with the control sample of marshmallow " Vanil'nyj". The presented marshmallow technologies can be recommended for the nutrition of pregnant and lactating women, as well as for expanding the range of pastille products of preventive nutrition

The use of various types of functional non-traditional plant and animal raw materials in the preparation of bakery products is a classic approach to increasing their biological and nutritional value and requires the use of mathematical methods for designing recipes. The paper presents the results of modeling the composition of bakery products with amino acid and fatty acid composition recommended by the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, close to the reference value of an ideal protein. An analysis of the biological value and biological effectiveness of plant functional raw materials (flax seeds, sesame and pine nuts) was carried out in order to enrich them with new products for the baking industry. A mathematical optimization problem was formulated and, using the Maple computer algebra software environment, the optimal ratio of components was calculated to ensure the maximum approximation of the biochemical composition in terms of the ratio of essential amino acids, as well as ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, to the reference value in the developed bakery products. The ratios of new components used in the recipe provided an increase of 31.4% in the biological value and a decrease in the energy value of the developed bakery products by 3.8%. The finished product is balanced according to the ratio ω-3: ω-6 = 1.0: 3.9 and mineral substances Ca: P: Mg = 1: 1.49: 0.6. Satisfaction of the daily requirement for functional ingredients is 21 - 31% (in control - 14%). The results obtained and the proposed methodology can be used as a model for enriching the composition of various functional foods.

Probiotic microorganisms are an important part of the diet for human health. The development of probiotic functional food products and the expansion of their range through new product groups, including those based on meat raw materials, is an urgent task for the food industry. The aim of the work is the development of a frozen semi-finished meat product with a probiotic culture L. rhamnosus GG for public catering establishments. To achieve the goal of the study, the determination of the structural-mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of minced meat and semi-finished products was carried out depending on the composition of the main and auxiliary raw materials, as well as the microbiological assessment of the thermal stability of the encapsulated culture of microorganisms after freezing, storage and preparation of the semi-finished product. Based on the results of the study, beef and raw beef fat were selected as the main raw materials, and the dosage of STPP tripolyphosphate was determined - 0.15 kg / 100 kg of minced meat. Samples of semi-finished products produced according to the developed recipe had the best organoleptic and structural-mechanical properties (elasticity - 78.2 N·mm, adhesion - 1.3 N·mm). Losses after heat treatment and bringing semi-finished products to culinary readiness were up to 30%, which makes the product economically viable and corresponds to the yields for products of this category at catering establishments. The survival rate of L. rhamnosus GG after heat treatment of semi-finished products was 59 ± 2%, and their final number allows us to classify the product as a probiotic. The developed semi-finished products can be introduced at catering establishments.

Currently, there is a need to create food products with a reduced content of carbohydrate-fatty components for therapeutic, prophylactic and functional purposes. The development of new products should be based on a reasonable choice of ingredients that form their composition and properties. In the face of an increasing number of people with diabetes, to maintain normal blood sugar levels, complications of the disease can be prevented (reduced) by eliminating sugar and sugar-containing foods from the diet. One of the most promising and relevant areas for the creation of new recipes and technologies for the production of dairy products, incl. chocolate butter is the addition of components that regulate the carbohydrate composition of the finished product to the recipe. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using the sweetener stevia (stevioside) to obtain a low-calorie diabetic butter chocolate butter, as well as to develop a formulation and manufacturing technology for the product. The work was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy. In carrying out the work, a set of generally accepted standard research methods was used. The objects of research are samples of butter made by churning from cream with mdzh. 35-38% according to GOST 32261 with the introduction of components in various ratios: cocoa powder 2.5% (for all samples); stevioside: sample No. 1 - 0.15%, sample No. 2 - 0.30%, sample No. 3 - 0.45%. Control sample: cocoa powder 2.5% and powdered sugar 15.0%. The samples complied with the requirements of GOST 32899. A comparative assessment of the organoleptic characteristics of experimental samples of butter chocolate was carried out, the optimal doses of functional ingredients for enrichment were established: cocoa powder - 2.5%, stevioside 0.3%. The tasters found that experimental samples of chocolate butter had a pleasant sweet taste and aroma, with a mild brown "chocolate" color.

The aim of this study was to use the extract of Potentilla erecta (tormentil) for the development of craft bright beer recipes with a reduced production cycle and increased shelf life. For this purpose, the tormentil aqueous extract with phenolic compounds high content (up to 30%) was obtained. It was found that the extract has a pronounced antioxidant activity. A preliminary effect study of the tormentil extract on the brewer's yeast vital activity was shown that the extract use does not adversely effect on yeast development, leads to yeast's cell concentration and budding cells number increasing compared to the control. To obtain beer, the extract was added at the main fermentation stage in a dosage of 40, 400 and 800 mg per 1 wort daL. In the obtained finished beer samples, the alcohol and carbon dioxide contents, foam retention, color, as well as organoleptic characteristics were determined. It was noted that the samples with the tormentil extract addition had a clean, fresh, pronounced aroma and a full, harmonious taste with the soft, well-formed hop bitterness. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the biologically active substances contained in the Potentilla erecta extract shorten the main fermentation process by about a day and participate in beer flavor profile formation. In addition, the extract addition in the amount of 800 mg per 1 wort dal allows to increase the shelf life of “live” unfiltered beer by 3 days compared to the control

Many factors can influence the efficiency of the extraction of antioxidants from plants. The most important parameters that affect extraction efficiency in terms of yield and quality include temperature, extraction time, and particle size. The aim of our study was to select the optimal extraction temperature for two types of tea, to obtain extracts with high values of total phenols, flavonoids, antiradical activity according to the DPPH method, restoring strength according to the FRAP method and tannins. The objects of the study were extracts of two types of tea, obtained using one type of solvent - water, a grinding degree of 0.5 mm and three extraction temperatures of 20-25 °C, 40-50 °C and the boiling point of the solvent. A large amount of phenols is extracted from black tea extracts (493 mg (HA) / 100 g) with a temperature equal to the boiling point of the solvent, green tea (936 mg (HA) / 100 g) shows high values of phenol content at an extraction temperature of 40-50 (С. High values of the total content of flavonoids were observed at a temperature equal to the boiling point of the solvent in both black (456 mg (K) / 100 g) and green (502 mg (K) / 100 g) tea. The most tannins were found in extracts of black (98.3 mg catechin / 100 g) and green (224.9 mg catechin / 100 g) tea at a temperature of 40-50 °C. The lowest antiradical activity was found in extracts of black (Ec50 = 1.6 mg / cm3) and green (Ec50 = 4.0 mg / cm3) tea with an extraction temperature of 40-50 °C. The highest index of restorative power was in extracts of black (14.04 mmol Fe2+ / kg) tea with an extraction temperature equal to the boiling point of the solvent, and in green (12.15 mmol Fe2+ / kg) tea at a temperature of 40-50 (С.

According to the latest data of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, as of December 2021, the daily volume of milk sales by agricultural organizations is 2.6% more than in the same period last year, which contributes to an increase in the production of dairy products. An analysis of the dairy market data showed that the volume of sour cream produced is growing every year, but its production remains lower than consumption. The solution to this problem may be the additional production of sour cream products. Non-dairy components in the composition of the latter contribute to improving the quality and giving the product a functional orientation. The equipment of the StimInoxGroup company is selected in accordance with the technological process for the production of sour cream and sour cream product based on the total amount of raw milk. The process is carried out as follows. Milk is fed to a modular station for receiving and accounting for milk, cooled and sent to tanks with thermal insulation for subsequent storage. From the tank, milk is fed to a separator, which, together with a homogenizer, is connected to a modular pasteurization and cooling unit. After the separator-normalizer, the normalized cream is sent to a container with a cooling jacket and thermal insulation, where it is stored until pasteurization. Also, milk normalized by the mass fraction of fat comes out of the separator, which is then sent for further processing. After pasteurization, the cream is sent to VDP containers for further fermentation and maturation. To improve the quality of the clot, the standard configuration of the VDP tanks was modernized: PTFE scrapers were installed on the frame mixer to increase the mixing area; reduced stirrer speed to prevent clot damage; increased power of the motor-reducer; the heating and cooling coil is installed not only on the sides, but also on the bottom of the tank, for faster heating and cooling of the product. These changes make it possible to obtain a product with improved organoleptic properties and speed up some technological processes.

Recently, the production of enzyme preparations has been successfully developing, especially for the bakery industry of the food industry. Thanks to their use in the production of bread, the fermentation activity of yeast increases, which makes it possible to shorten the duration of the technological process and improve the quality of the final product. However, the use of enzyme preparations, as a rule, increases the cost of production, therefore, increasing the catalytic activity of enzymes remains an urgent task, the solution of which will increase the effectiveness of their use. In this regard, studies have been conducted and the possibility of reducing the dosages of the enzyme (by 30%) and yeast (by 20%) has been shown, while improving not only the organoleptic parameters, but also the physico-structural characteristics of the resulting product, as well as prolonging its shelf life, by thermal activation of the enzyme preparation amilorizine P10X at a temperature of 400 C for 20 minutes in the presence of modified starch (8g / g), together with yeast. The use of modified starch of the "B" brand as a stabilizer of an amylolytic enzyme preparation, the price of which is several times lower, can significantly reduce the cost of preparing bakery products.

In recent years, there has been an increased interest of Russians in their health, a healthy lifestyle in general, to maintain which it is necessary to eat right. Scientists have proved that most of the diseases of the world's population occur due to improper, not rational nutrition, which in most cases causes chronic diseases. Everyone has the right to decide what to eat, what physical activity to set for themselves and other characteristics of a healthy lifestyle. Increasingly, Russians, regardless of age, gender, marital status and material wealth, are beginning to move to a healthy lifestyle. It should be noted that these are not always people suffering from certain diseases, on the contrary, they are Russians who have realized the need for a healthy lifestyle. One of the factors that affects healthy lifestyle is proper nutrition. Every day people eat bread and bakery products, this is the main food for many Russians, but today many people change their preferences in its use and choose bakery products with functional additives or gluten-free bread. The aim of the study is to study the dependence of the acidity of gluten-free bread on the additives introduced by modeling. Reducing the acidity in bread, including gluten-free bread, will have a beneficial effect on the body of people suffering from celiac disease and at the same time expand the segment of gluten-free products. The objective of the study is to conduct an experiment by modeling the acidity of gluten-free bread depending on the additives introduced. As a result of the simulation, a mathematical model of the accumulation of the acidity of gluten-free bread was calculated depending on the prescription components: whey, flaxseed flour and yeast. According to the obtained model, whey and flaxseed flour have an almost equivalent effect on increasing the acidity of bread crumb. At the same time, baking yeast has a negligible effect on the process of increasing acidity.

Cows and Bulls are mainly raised for milk and meat. Cattle Milk and meat play a vital role in the worldwide economies and contribute to food security and nutrition. For greater financial income accumulation, Cattle sourced Food products encompassing milk, butter, yogurt, ghee, cheese, Tenderized meat, meat sausage, etc. are sources of financial income for farmers and food producers. Unfortunately, Cattle Sarcocystosis disease can affect food security, and Cattle farmers’ economies by inducing reduced milk production, weight loss and decreased meat quality, abortion, and even death due to the effect these parasites have on Cattle (Hoeve-Bakker et al., 2019). Cattle Sarcocystosis disease is so far known to be specifically caused by six Sarcocystis spp infections in the Cattle. Each of the six (S.cruzi, S.hominis, S.heydorni, S.rommeli, S.hirsuta, & S.bovifelis) has its own different definitive host The two zoonoses (S. hominis & S. heydorni) share human as their common definitive host. Though the most prevalent among six bovine species, S. Cruzi, is not a zoonosis (Ayazian Mavi et al., 2020), it is a financial burden to the food producers and it may perpetuate malnutrition and Food insecurity. Therefore, Strengthened Control in Food Safety, Food biotechnology, and the Veterinary parasitological sector with the involvement of the public, civil society, and private sector are required to prevent the spread of sporocysts and protect water and Cattle Feed from Sarcocystis spp contamination.

The article presents experimental data on the content of dietary fiber in confectionery industry products: in raw materials for the production of confectionery products, chocolate, cookies, marshmallow, marmalade, candy, halva, iris. We investigated 30 samples of confectionery raw materials, 10 kinds of chocolate, 9 samples of different kinds of cookies, 20 kinds of candies and 10 samples of marshmallows and marmalade. Of particular interest were non-traditional raw materials for this industry, such as boiled carrots, zucchini, beets, ground roasted rye, wheat germ flour. Candies, candied fruits and purees have been produced on the basis of these raw materials. In the carrot jelly the amount of dietary fiber (FV) content was - 1.2%. In candies with carrot and orange jam the number of PV - 5.0%; in candies only with carrot jam PV content - 4.8%. Candies "Children's" with boiling SP was - 1.74%. In candied carrots the SP content was 5.2%, in mashed potatoes "Solnechnoye" - 1.3%. In fried ground rye the SP content was 13.8%, in rye-based candies "Golden Bells" - 6.38%, in the sweet platters on rye - 3.2%. As the results of the analysis showed that the PV content depends strongly on the recipe of confectionery products. So in chocolate, the amount of PV ranged from 5.7% (chocolate "President", "Rot Front") to 13.84% (chocolate porous "Slava"), halva in chocolate - 1.43%, halva "Friendship" - 1.91% and tahin halva - 5.82%. In the candies with a waffle pro-layer content of SP ranged from 3.96% ("Little Red Riding Hood") to 9.8% ("Golden Rooster" and "Bear the Flying Bear"). In candies without a wafer filling the PV content ranged from 0.6% ("Citron", "Autumn Waltz") to 7.0% ("Tretyakovskaya Gallery", "Yasnaya Polyana")

The work is devoted to the development of sour milk products based on goat’s milk using the example of yoghurt with dietary fiber (DF). Gum arabic (0.3, 0.7, and 1%) and bamboo fiber concentrate (BFC) with concentrations of 5, 7 and 10% were used as dietary fiber. According to organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators, two samples of yoghurt with DF were selected, namely: with gum arabic (0.3%) and BFC (5%). It was shown that in terms of physicochemical parameters (acidity, mass fraction of sugar, dry matter content, and kinematic viscosity), these experimental yoghurt samples slightly differed from the control, but corresponded to the standards specified in the regulatory documentation. It was found that the addition of gum arabic contributed to an increase in the protein content in samples 1.1–1.3 by 0.25; 0.57; 0.79%, respectively. It was also noted that the amount of carbohydrates increased in samples 1.1 – 1.3 by 4.44; 10.44; 14.89%, respectively, while there was no change in the amount of fats in these prototypes. With the addition of bamboo fibers, the level of proteins and fats increased in experimental samples 2.1 – 2.3 by 0.71; 1.00; 1.43%, respectively, and by 0.40; 0.56; 0.80%, respectively. Our calculations of economic efficiency showed that the profitability of sales of our yoghurts made with goat’s milk with the addition of DF was 50%, and the profit from the sale of our products was 9,254.05 thousand rubles per year. Thus, a technology was developed for the preparation of yoghurts on goat’s milk with DF for introduction into catering

The article considers the possibility of developing a diet that provides an athlete with an adequate level of biologically active substances with an antioxidant effect. As a criterion for assessing the diet, there was used total amount of biologically active substances established in MR 2.3.1.0253-21 as a physiological norm or an adequate level of daily intake for an adult. The losses of the total content of antioxidants in the composition of food products of plant origin during heat treatment in a steam convection apparatus were determined: beets - 16.9%; cabbage - 14.8%; potatoes and carrots - 34.6%; onion - 20.5%; root celery - 22.7%; tomato paste - 23.5%, oatmeal - 48.5%, in buckwheat - 29.9%. The calculation of the total antioxidant content (TAC) in culinary products from vegetables and cereals showed that a serving of a traditional dish can provide from 1.5 to 5.7% of the recommended daily requirement (1094 mg/day) in antioxidants. The combination of vegetables with prunes and blueberries got products with a functionally significant content of antioxidants. A daily diet for athletes of cyclic sports in the recovery stage of training with a calorie content of 4000 kcal was developed. The diet provides 145% of the adequate intake of antioxidants for a healthy adult. Vegetable products account for 26.9%, drinks and juices–19%, fresh fruits–15.5%, bakery and flour culinary products–12.8%, dairy products–11%, cereal products–9.1 % adequate intake of antioxidants. The results obtained confirm the position of many sports nutritionists that a well-balanced diet, proper selection of food products, and innovative methods of heat treatment can provide an athlete with an adequate amount of natural antioxidants.

The article reflects research on the study of the influence of secondary raw materials, as well as the development of flour confectionery products based on them. Due to the modern lifestyle, flour confectionery products are in high demand among all segments of the population, however, the main disadvantages are the increased nutritional value and the absence of dietary fiber, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals in the chemical composition of this product, which are necessary for the human body for normal functioning. In this connection, research aimed at developing a technology for obtaining flour confectionery products of increased nutritional value is becoming relevant. The aim of the research is to develop a technology for the production of flour confectionery products based on the use of secondary products of vegetable raw materials to improve the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the finished product.

Low-calorie, functional, specialized products are currently especially popular in nutrition, the consumption of which contributes to a healthy lifestyle. Butter is a high-calorie product. Peasant oil is in the greatest demand, the share of its production in the total volume is 60-80%. Butter with flavoring components has a reduced calorie content. The product is characterized by a more balanced chemical composition and increased biological value, compared to butter without the addition of non-dairy components. According to analysts, 20 regions account for 69% of butter production in Russia. The rating is headed by the Republic of Tatarstan, the Altai Territory is on the second line, the Voronezh region is on the third place. Thus, the production of assorted butter in the region is relevant. Butter "Delicatesnoye" was obtained by the method of converting high-fat cream. High-fat cream, processed cheese mass, buttermilk, consistency stabilizer, emulsifier, beta-carotene were used as raw materials. The amount of introduced cheese mass was varied so that the mass fraction of dry matter of cheese in butter was not less than 0.5 and not more than 8.0%. To confirm the optimal dosage of the component introduced into the product, the heat resistance was determined in the samples. In the production of oil, a Palsgaard 5232 consistency stabilizer was used in an amount of 0.2%. Emulsifier Palsgaard 0291 was added in an amount of 0.5%. The antioxidant beta-carotene was added to improve the quality of the oil and preserve its shelf life. Samples were stored at a temperature of 3 ± 2 ºС - 15 days (taking into account a reserve of 20), - (16 ± 2) ºС - 60 days (taking into account a reserve of 80). Beta-carotene had a positive effect on the shelf life of the product. It is known that the consistency stabilizer increases the acidity of the oil plasma. The increase in the peroxide number in butter "Delicatesnoye" occurred smoothly, in contrast to the control sample. It was found that butter "Delicatessen" possesses high organoleptic characteristics, increased heat resistance, and improved storage capacity.

Fatty foods can be considered healthy food formulas if they meet the following conditions: have a reduced calorie content; balanced fatty acid composition; vitamins and biologically active compounds; They do not contain cholesterol or trans fats. To give a functional orientation to butter, additional flavoring components can be introduced. The authors conducted research to study the storage capacity of butter with flavoring components. As fillers, a mixture of seeds and herbs was added to it. The resulting oil samples had a pronounced creamy taste with a taste of the added filler, without foreign tastes and odors, a dense, plastic texture, a shiny surface on the cut, dry in appearance, with the inclusion of filler particles. The mass fraction of product fat was 62%. The filler has antioxidant activity, reduces the spoilage of the fat fraction during storage. Determination of the resistance of fat at 102 ºС was carried out to test its ability to oxidative processes. The test sample was stored without signs of spoilage for 10 hours, the control one for 8 hours. Studies of the oil acidity index during storage have been carried out. It was found that at the end of the shelf life, the acidity index of the oil was 0.5 ± 0.1 °K less than that of the control sample. Tested for mold susceptibility. The absence of mold after 14 days of storage indicated the relative resistance of the oil to mold. Thus, the use of non-traditional plant components in the production of oil and fat products contributes to the expansion of their range and quality.

As a result of the conducted comparative studies, it was found that in the process of fattening, the broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 and Ross-308 crosses met the standards of meat productivity grown in the conditions of feedlots on the territory of the Voronezh region. The results of fattening showed that Cobb-500 and Ross-308 cross broiler chickens had different indicators of live weight and, accordingly, the mass and yield of carcasses after primary processing as a result of slaughter. The live weight index of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross was 154.5 grams lower than that of the Cobb-500 cross, respectively, the mass of the unemboweled carcass after transportation by 208.5 grams, the mass of the gutted carcass by 178.7 grams. The slaughter yield of the unemboweled carcass was also 0.5% lower, and the gutted one by 1%. Individual anatomical parts of the carcasses of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross exceeded the mass of individual anatomical parts obtained after cutting the Ross-308 cross. It was determined that broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross as a result of a more intensive increase in muscle mass under equal conditions compared with the Ross-308 cross with intensive metabolic processes in the body had lower safety indicators for the herd. It is determined that the Cobb-500 cross is more susceptible to the stressful effects of technological factors, for example, due to the increased temperature and humidity conditions of the room, noise, etc. Based on this, the bird at the final stage of fattening has more contact with the aggressive environment of the bedding material, i.e. spends more time sitting as a result of a heavy load of body weight on the joints of the legs. As a result, the case increases, the weight gain on the herd decreases, and the number of pathological processes of paws increases and, accordingly, their culling. As a result, it can be noted that broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross are less susceptible to stressful production factors, and also have higher rates of preservation and slaughter yield of bird paws as a by-product, based on the fact that the number of defective products decreases

The article discusses the main aspects of the use of rubber products based on triple ethylene propylene rubbers of domestic and foreign production, filled with an anti-radiation additive based on a composition of oxides of rare earth elements, as radiation-resistant elastomeric materials. The use of elastomers in the nuclear industry makes it possible to solve many urgent problems and ensure the operation of many critical products and mechanisms, the functioning of which is not possible without the use of elastic materials. This paper presents the results of the study and comparison of the physico-mechanical and operational properties of rubbers based on various ethylene propylene rubbers of domestic and foreign production with the addition of anti-radiation additive VKR-5M for their use as radiation-resistant elastomeric materials. The basic physical, mechanical and operational characteristics of rubber mixtures and rubbers based on ethylene propylene rubbers of domestic and foreign production have been studied. The main mechanisms and properties of radiation aging of elastomers, as well as ways to increase their resistance to ionizing radiation are considered. The paper presents the results of studies of frost resistance, heat resistance, radiation and thermal radiation resistance of rubbers based on ethylene propylene rubbers, which contain an anti-radiation additive based on the composition of rare earth element oxides WRC-5M, the advantages and disadvantages of various brands of domestic and foreign ethylene propylene rubbers in various operating conditions, and conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the introduction of anti-radiation additives WRC-5M, which increases the radiation resistance of rubbers. Based on the analysis of the data obtained during the work, the most radiation-resistant elastomeric base for rubbers used in conditions of increased radiation exposure was determined.

The article was devoted to the study of the influence of temperature-time conditions of vulcanization on the kinetic parameters of structuring of rubber compounds and the physical and mechanical properties of rubbers. The object of the study was an elastomeric composition based on natural rubber and containing a sulfur curing system. The investigated rubbers were obtained under various time conditions and temperatures of 143, 160 and 170°C. It was determined that with an increase in the vulcanization temperature, the values ​​of the minimum torque decrease by 11.6–15.6%, and the maximum torque increase by 3.5–4.1%, at the same time the density of rubber cross-linking increases by 6.2– 7.5%. Analysis of the results of determining the physical and mechanical parameters of rubbers revealed that at a temperature of 143°C the vulcanization time does not significantly affect the elastic-strength parameters of rubbers and vulcanizates are characterized by the highest values of tensile strength both before and after thermal aging. It has been established that with an increase in the vulcanization temperature, side processes are activated, leading to a decrease in the elastic-strength properties of rubber (a decrease in tensile strength by 9.2–16.4% and elongation at break up to 7.2%). Vulcanizates obtained at 170°C are characterized by the lowest indicators of elastic-strength properties, hardness Shore A and rebound resilience, which is due to the density of the network and the nature of cross-links. The research results showed that when choosing the final vulcanization mode, especially for multilayer products, it is necessary to take into account not only the energy consumption in the production of finished products, but also the influence of temperature and time parameters on the complex of physical and mechanical properties of each component of the product.

Basalt, known for its unique properties, is used for the production of yarns, fabrics, nets, and heat-insulating wool. Currently, a research is promoted on applicability of basalt as a dispersed filler for thermo- and rectoplastic materials without processing it into fibers. Therefore, investigation into interaction of epoxy binder with the crushed basalt is promising, which determines the aim of the given study. The objects of the research are the epoxy resin ED-20, polyethylene polyamine PEPA, and dispersed basalt filler. Spectrophotometer "Specord" with the IR-spectrum covering the area of 400 ÷ 4000 cm-1 was used to study the interaction of basalt filler with the epoxy oligomer and hardener. To take the photos of IR spectra of powders, the latter are pressed together with an excess of potassium bromide into tablets several millimeters thick. Special vacuum molds and pressure of several tons per 1 cm2 are used to produce the tablets. The ICS data confirm the interaction of ED-20 not only with PEPA, but also with the dispersed basalt. Amino groups, epoxy rings, CH groups of epoxy and aromatic rings of the binder and hardener undergo a reaction. As the content of the basalt filler in the epoxy increases, the same absorption maxima and bands are observed as in the IR spectra of the composite material with a low content of dispersed basalt. The difference is that the higher the basalt content in the epoxy matrix, the higher the relative intensity of such maxima, which indicates a stronger interaction of the components.

In the south of the Far East, a large deposit of Sukhoe gold has been identified, where the noble metal is in a dispersed form, being present in the form of microscopic particles, or entering the structure of sulfide minerals. It was found out that the «invisible» (nano) form of finding gold is mainly associated with pyrite and arsenopyrite. To develop a technology for extracting a useful component, the completeness and convenience of opening the stone material with the transfer of all components into a solution is crucial. The article presents the results of a study of the possibility of preparing samples of mineral raw materials for the analytical determination of the elemental composition by thermal treatment of samples with a mixture of ammonium hydrodifluoride NH4HF2 and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4. Based on a comparative analysis, it was shown that when using a mixture of ammonium hydrodifluoride with ammonium sulfate, it is possible to more fully open the mineral raw materials compared to using only ammonium hydrodifluoride. A mixture of NH4HF2 with (NH4)2SO4 is recommended as a new promising reagent for the decomposition of ores with "invisible" gold.

The expansion of the fields of application of polymer composite materials (PCM), the emergence of their new compositions and structures is the reason for the development of new and improvement of existing methods for their non-destructive testing. One of the most important tasks in the performance of non-destructive testing of PCM is the development or selection of control modes. The complexity of solving this problem is related to the anisotropy of PCM properties (thermophysical, acoustical, etc.). The article describes the methods and results of infrared thermography of carbon fiber reinforced plastics with a hybrid matrix formed by an epoxy binder and a silicone elastomer. Silicone elastomer is an independent "liquid" phase in the matrix structure (from the standpoint of relaxation properties). The silicone elastomer has high heat resistance, therefore, the choice of modes for performing active infrared thermography of PCM with a hybrid matrix, in which the "liquid" phase is this material, is a rather complex scientific and practical task. The excess temperatures reported to the control object should be in the range of values at which an informative temperature diagnostic signal is observed, but at the same time the destruction of the PCM components does not occur. The values of temperature diagnostic signals from the location zone of the "liquid" phase in the structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastics are presented. It has been established that in order to perform infrared thermography, the temperature of the diagnostic signal from the location zone of the silicone elastomer must be ~3 ± 0.5°C higher than the temperature of the carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The optimal observation time of the temperature diagnostic signal is the period from the end of heating to 0.5 minutes after heating. A model for determining the modes of infrared thermography based on the phonon theory of heat conduction is presented. The temperature corresponding the appearance of a diagnostic signal from the location zone of the "liquid" phase component of the hybrid matrix of the PCM can be considered the Debye temperature of the test material

Today in Russia, one of the most important stages in the development of additive gas-thermal technologies is the optimal choice of materials. In particular, in the field of gas-thermal methods for applying composite coatings on the surface of machine parts, plasma spraying technology is advanced and promising from the point of view of economic benefits and import substitution. In this paper, the issue of obtaining a composite coating with an additional dispersed phase (titanium carbide) is considered. The results of theoretical and practical studies on the peculiarities of hardening of the composite coating under study are presented. Calculations of shear stress according to the theories of Fischer-Hart-Pry and Orovan are presented. According to the current GOST, the shear strength of the coating under study is determined. As a result of the work, the structure of the composite coating from the sprayed material 76.5% PR-NX17CP4+23.5% TiC was investigated, namely: the structure of the sprayed composite coating in optical and scanning electron microscopy is presented. The transverse section of the composite coating is also analyzed, and conclusions are drawn on the nature of its formation. Defects of the applied layer of composite coating in the form of cracks, local delaminations, large pores were not detected. The microplate is characterized by high density, uniformity of structure, low porosity, absence of cracks and high adhesion strength of the coating to the substrate. Recommendations have been made on the possible use of plasma spraying material (76.5% PR-NH17CR4+23.5% TiC), in particular when restoring worn surfaces of aircraft landing gear racks and steering gear drives of military and civil aviation. These recommendations are justified due to the high shear strength values of the composite coating under study.

Today, there is a growing interest in the production of synthetic polymers, which are widely used in the production of modern materials. Of particular interest is the manufacture of rubbers by emulsion polymerization. Rubber compounds and vulcanizates made on their basis have characteristics due to which they are actively used in various industrial sectors. The coagulation process in the production of emulsion polymers increases environmental stress. Sodium chloride used at some enterprises as a coagulating agent is consumed in large quantities - up to 200 kg / t of rubber, and increases environmental pollution. In the presented work, for the first time, the possibility of recycling the beer production residue - inactivated yeast, which is proposed to be used to reduce the aggregative stability of disperse systems, is considered. The introduction of yeast into the emulsion polymer isolation technology makes it possible to reduce the amount of sodium chloride in the waters discharged from the enterprise. The use of a system based on a protein coagulant contributes to the complete release of coagulum from latex at a consumption of inactivated yeast in the amount of 10-15 kg/t of rubber. The most effective results were obtained when yeast preliminarily acidified with sulfuric acid was used in this process, which led to the charging of the nitrogen atom of the protein component. It is noted that the best temperature regime for the process of coagulation of latex particles is 1-20 ℃. An increase in temperature to 60 ℃ leads to an increase in the consumption of coagulant up to 25 kg/t of rubber. The ratios of the consumption of sulfuric acid and acidified yeast have been optimized, allowing to obtain the most complete coagulation of the latex. It has been established that the rubbers isolated using food production waste meet the requirements for rubbers of the SKS-30ARK brand according to the main physical and mechanical indicators.

Food waste/spoilage caused by microbial cell has recently emerged as a major food insecurity and environmental concern. Additionally, food spoilage contributes to the economic crisis and healthy problems. As a result, an active packaging system is still required to keep the food safe and to protect its quality from foreign contaminants. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current solutions and difficulties of antimicrobial compounds in composite food packaging applications. Specifically, the extrusion and antimicrobial coating methods for incorporating antimicrobial compounds into packaging systems and their optimum processing parameters for common polymer composites were revealed. The common inorganic and organic antimicrobial substances/compounds with their quantities adding to the packaging system and their antimicrobial activity (reduction, partially deactivation and completely deactivation) were presented. The difficulties in creating a package with antimicrobial properties concerning issues of migration of antimicrobial additives from the package to the food product, accumulation of antimicrobial additives in the food product, as well as their processing temperature were elaborated. Therefore, this review work contributes to open up the entire scientific knowledge on antimicrobial compounds used in polymer composite materials for food packaging application and helps to develop important results for large scale operations

The article noted the current relevance of the selected topic related to cash inflows. We considered the indicators used in the analysis of the effectiveness of investments, which can be divided into based, on discounted estimates and based on accounting estimates. When assessing risks, the impact of inflation is considered. This is achieved by adjusting the cash flow elements or discount ratio to the inflation index. The article presents the approaches of various scientists to the essence of the term "investments," shows the relationship between them, highlights the distinctive features of investments in relation to current costs. The main types of investments are considered, their content is disclosed. The investment multiplier has been determined. With a slight reduction in investment costs, a significant decrease in income can occur. Therefore, for the efficient functioning of the economy, it is necessary to ensure a certain value of the multiplication factor, create conditions for uninterrupted investment activities. Investments play a significant role in the functioning and development of the economy, and changes in physical volumes and quantitative ratios of investments affect the volume of public production

Currently, a lot of attention is paid to the sustainability of the functioning and development of food markets, both from the state and other industry, scientific, educational and information-analytical structures. Nutrition issues have been, are and remain priorities of the highest order for all mankind. It should be noted that the shortage of food, foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials and/or their complete absence is a source of economic, social and political instability. Thus, this subject of research is very important and relevant in the context of global events taking place today (population growth, food shortages, insufficient quantity of quality goods, imbalance of food markets, high prices for high-quality raw materials and nutrition, the increase in local armed conflicts, sanctions restrictions everywhere implemented, etc.). The goal The task is to monitor the tomato market and form a list of innovative transformations of the greenhouse economy of Russia in a strategic plan. The object of the study was the domestic sphere of tomato production and processing. Scientific methods of cognition of economic phenomena and processes of theoretical, empirical and general scientific groups were applied in the work. In the course of the research, the key indicators of the development of the sphere of production and sale of tomatoes were analyzed, the features of the organization and functioning of the latter were highlighted, the main constraining factors of the development of this sphere were identified, the main forecasts were analyzed and promising innovative solutions were proposed to improve the efficiency of the entire greenhouse economy of Russia.

This article discusses the issues of the multi-level marketing (MLM) industry, examines in detail the principles of the functioning of the MLM business, the knowledge of which can be useful when choosing a company for your goals. Currently, a huge number of people do not understand the principles of their marketing, its type, and as a result, they cannot explain the strategy and the payout system. Therefore, before choosing a partner, you should clearly define your own goals. That is, if you need a good manager, you need to pay attention to companies with a good "retail". If the need is for "quick" income, then companies with an appropriate marketing plan (MP) should be considered. If the goal is - stable development of the network, passive income, then we can consider companies with a completely different MP. The article analyzes the existing MPs in the MLM industry, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each of them in order to select the optimal one for creating long-term residual income. The most suitable, for solving the problem, was chosen - a balanced MT. This type of MP is based on a stepped one with a branch and has a deep commission part. Due to this fact, the interests of all MP participants (consumers, distributors and leaders of high qualifications) are taken into account. Also, the strength of a balanced MT is the ability to clearly build a chain from expectations to results. The results obtained in the work will allow both a novice distributor and a growing leader to achieve high productivity in their activities in the MLM industry in the shortest possible time.

The level of innovation activity in the Russian Federation can be judged by the number of organizations engaged in innovation activities. Since 2010, there has been a downward trend and in 2016, when the level fell to 7.3% and became the lowest over the past six years, Russian enterprises are entering sustainable growth trends in the field of innovation activity and show a sharp jump in 2017 to 20, 8%, and in 2020 the indicator reached its maximum value - 23%. Foreign policy has a huge impact on the development of innovation in the country, and therefore, the pre-sanction period 2010-2013. showed that inflation was declining, during the sanctions (Sanction period 2014-2016) the inflation rate increased, however, the data of 2016 indicate a decrease in inflation to 5.38% from 11.36% (2016 and 2014, respectively), which indicates the intervention of institutional bodies in economic processes. Impact of COVID-19 on the economy and response measures of state support in the Pandemic period 2020-2022. helped to keep the inflation rate from the beginning of 2020 at 4.91%, and in 2021. Thus, based on the Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia until 2030, we can single out the main areas of government activity: concentration of resources on breakthrough technologies; renewal of the country's fixed assets; implementation of scientific and technological achievements; strategic orientation of systems; promoting the formation of innovative partnerships; activation of innovative activity in order to increase competitiveness and economic growth.

The decarbonisation process in the Russian Federation is proceeding at an accelerated pace. Since the launch of the carbon polygon project in 2021, seven sites have been established, six sites are in progress in 2022, and eight more projects are planned for 2022-2023. This article has defined a carbon test site and the need for a carbon test site. A map of the location of carbon sites on the territory of the Russian Federation has been demonstrated, as well as a timetable for the implementation of the carbon project. The prospect of implementation of the carbon project on the territory of Voronezh region, the operator of the project being Voronezh State University, was considered in more detail. Plants required for planting carbon sites and carbon farms were identified as well as ways to dispose of species that are no longer suitable for observation. The topic of the need for training in the current realities of the green economy and the introduction of new, previously non-existent professions was raised. An average of 15 million rubles is allocated from the state budget for the implementation of a carbon landfill. for scientific research and 17–18 million for practical equipment. In addition, Russia is the state with the richest forest fund, which gives it an advantage to become the world leader in carbon dioxide absorption. It is necessary to translate this potential into a monetary equivalent as soon as possible. The action strategy is as follows: calculate the "carbon" balance → sale of cultivated crops → development of the country's economy. Literally increase the economy of the state, sell clean air.

The article discusses ways to manage conflicts in organizations and work groups of projects. Conflict management is included as an integral part of one of the general functions of management - according to different opinions, either in the function of administration or coordination. However, in any case, the importance of resolving conflicts in order to achieve the goals of the project is undeniable. All approaches to defining a style and a set of specific actions for managing conflicts are on the scale of preferences, from caring for people to caring about solving a given problem. There are five main approaches: cooperation, competition, evasion, accommodation (unilateral concession) and compromise (mutual concession). Based on the specifics of business and management practices, it is argued that some of these styles are more typical for different countries and others less typical. However, Russia is assessed as a civilization without a pronounced domination of collectivism or individualism, which testifies in favor of the acceptability of all styles, depending on the specific situation. Some characteristics of situations in which certain methods of conflict management in the project working group are more or less acceptable than others are considered. It is concluded that in order to improve the efficiency of the project team, an accurate and realistic assessment of its team, leader and the current situation is important.

The article considers and clarifies the concept of personnel potential, including the personnel potential of the civil service. A study was made of the main aspects of managing the development of human resources in the public service, for which the competence-based approach is applicable. The personnel potential cannot be viewed as a value that is equal in total to the human potentials of the entire population of employees due to the dynamism of the characteristics of individual performers, the replaceability of part of the members of the workforce, active interaction between them, the exchange of knowledge and the emergence of a synergistic effect in the system. In personnel planning of state bodies, organizations and institutions, it is necessary to take into account the features that fundamentally distinguish the civil service from other types of labor professional activity, as well as some types of public service from others. In the practical activities of public authorities, the issue of the need to create models of professional skills is acute, since they are the basis of the information system for personnel management based on a competency-based approach. The list of competencies is open, so competent and promising employees use it to the full to determine the vector of further professional development and career building. Thus, in modern conditions, the competence-based approach ensures the formation of the personnel potential of the civil service, and the undeniably important point is that this type of potential is of a pronounced dynamic nature, since it needs to constantly develop.

In the article, the authors propose to assess the economic security of the region using the indicators used for the federal level and reflected in the Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030. Since not all indicators recorded in this Strategy are applicable to the regional level of government, the authors propose to analyze economic security in four areas: the scale of the economy and the share of the territory in a higher level of territorial formation; human potential; situation in the labor market; success of participation in innovative processes. For each group, sets of indicators have been formed to characterize the object from different angles, on the one hand, demonstrating the maximum versatility of a complex system, and on the other hand, eliminating duplication. The desired set of indicators must meet a number of requirements: compactness, accessibility, ease of calculation, verifiability, complementarity. To evaluate the calculated quantitative indicators, it is necessary to compare them with the selected standard. Based on assessments of the state and achieved level of economic security of a territorial entity, an organizational mechanism and a system for managing economic security are being built.

The paper noted the relevance of the selected topic at present, related to the digital transformation of the bank using information technologies in early 2019. By the beginning of 2023, the financial institution sets a goal to change almost all of its IT-architecture. The traditional architecture of the national banking system was developed 15-20 years ago, and was designed based on the needs of banking sector participants, they were based on the development of a wide range of banking products and financial services, and the needs of customers and their service were not a condition for the development of the banking business. The world in the era of dynamic transformation of the banking business has changed, which involves the creation of a customer-centric business model and banking architecture. This model of the banking sector assumes that the client will use Internet platforms and services, which in turn should be convenient, intuitive, reliable and, which is not of little importance, personalized. The new architecture of the modern bank will increase the service speed several times and lead to a significant reduction in the costs associated with the introduction of banking products and financial services to the market.

The article considers a new method for calculating the stationary values ​​of the probabilities of states of a complex system for processes with discrete states and continuous time. Markov models are adequate only for a very small class of real processes with an exponential probability distribution. Simulation methods in most cases lead to significant computational costs, as well as semi-Markov models. The possibility of an approach to modeling is shown taking into account the isomorphism of the structure of the set of states and the set of transitions of semi-Markov, Markov and simulation models for arbitrary distribution laws of random intervals in event flows. This approach is based on a set of theoretical provisions proved by the authors in previously published articles and monographs. It includes decomposition, simulation for individual states, the synthesis of an isomorphic Markov representation, and the final calculation of probabilities by solving systems of linear equations. The reduction in computational costs is achieved by equalizing the number of simulation implementations for different model states during decomposition, as well as by directly transferring the simplest flows to an isomorphic Markov representation. The upper O(n)-estimate of the complexity of the proposed algorithm approaches the lower Ω(n)-estimate for simulation modeling. At the same time, the lower Ω(n)-estimate is close to the complexity of solving systems of linear equations. The most significant gain is provided in studies related to the multiple estimation of probabilities on the model for various initial data in order to optimize the system parameters, since each subsequent experiment requires modification of the isomorphic representation for only one of the model states.

The system of higher education in Russia today is characterized by a change in a paradigm. It is conditioned by a shift to the innovative activity caused by the introduction of a new economic model. One more factor to start this change includes some changes in the management structure of the university environment, shift to the entrepreneurial university, development of the competitive level of the university teachers. A university society comes across a number of challenges, among which there is a low motivation and low competitive level of teachers to work under new conditions. The article is aimed at studying the ways to form a competitive university system to function at the educational market. The novelty of the paper can be proved by the fact that in the process of overcoming some new challenges on the way to the new innovative policy appear. There is offered a new paradigm to build a university competitive status connected with a combination of strategic decisions in the sphere of educational programs, students’ activity and development of teachers’ competitive level. The problematic fields and the strategies of their further development are introduced to solve the matter. The most productive ways are changes in educational programs, ways to increase the motivation of students to take part in an innovation activity, development in trends to boost teachers’ activity and competitiveness. Such decisions contribute to realize the innovational strategies of the university development, to the work of teachers and students, to an efficient competitive university environment. The article can be of interest to managers in education, strategic managers, and teaching personnel.

The relevance of the development of hybrid electric vehicle technology in the automotive industry lies in its diversity. Various degrees of hybridization allow you to get bonuses for both conventional cars with an internal combustion engine and pure electric vehicles, while controlling the level of electrification of your cars, from soft hybrids close to cars with only an internal combustion engine to plug-in hybrids more similar to pure electric vehicles. Depending on the policy of the automaker and the requirements of the market, it is possible to use various designs, including those based on existing developments. The article analyzes the modern automotive market in Russia and the share of cars with hybrid technology in it. A comparison of the development of hybrid technology in modern automotive construction of Russian and foreign automakers is made. The specificity of designing scenarios for the development of hybrid technologies in the Russian and foreign automotive industries is reflected in the very process of using hybrid technology in the models of foreign automakers. Thus, the use of mild hybrid technology is mainly used by automakers with the aim of a smooth transition to more electrified versions, the design and implementation of mild hybrid technology is used by automakers to improve the environmental parameters of their cars while maintaining dynamic performance or to increase the latter. Full hybridization technology can also be used as a transitional for full electrification of models, however, it is mainly used in electric vehicles aimed at a hybrid device. Sequential hybridization technology has not been widely used in passenger cars.

The Murmansk region is characterised by endless wilderness areas, taiga, forests, countless rivers and lakes, and is also interesting for various types of tourism. More than 40 countries have stayed in the region's hotels in 2018, with most foreign visitors coming from Europe. Three districts of Karelia – Belomorsky, Kemsky and Louhsky – were successfully included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in 2017. The Belomorsky District has an exceptionally high tourism potential, which is currently under-demanded due to the lack of an underdeveloped tourism infrastructure and tourism personnel. The Kemsky district is famous for the objects of historical and cultural heritage. In the Kemi district there are few recreation facilities and hotels, which is explained by the fact that major tourist flows of guests pass through the city of Kemi. The Assumption Cathedral in Kemi, Kuzovetsky archipelago are in great demand. The area is famous for fishing, hunting and event elements. The Louhsky region is famous for wild recreation away from the hustle and bustle. In the region there are all conditions for the development of various kinds of ecological, natural, sports and adventure tourism. All regions have a sufficient number of attractions to attract tourists, unique natural phenomena and the potential for numerous types of tourism.

Significant changes in social and political life that the country has been undergoing over the past two decades have also had a significant impact on the social infrastructure. At the same time, this influence is characterized by both positive and negative consequences. As for the provision of the population of the territory with goods, retail outlets, places of public catering, it can be recognized that a positive trend is observed in the area under consideration. However, other areas of social infrastructure are developing at a slow pace: this applies to educational, health care and cultural institutions. These difficulties are largely due to the transfer of social institutions from the balance sheet of industrial organizations to maintenance at the expense of the budget of municipalities. Based on the analysis of extensive statistical and factual information, the article considers current trends and problems in the development of local self – government in one of the country's subjects-the Voronezh region. The study of the identified trends in the development of the region allowed us to identify a number of problems and divide them into a range of long-term and short-term solution horizons. This allowed us to substantiate promising directions for the development of local self-government.

The existing trends of climate change create a lot of problems and fronts of work for states around the world, creating the need to continue building up a set of steps to prevent climate change in the Russian Federation simultaneously with the implementation of adaptation to new climatic conditions. It is necessary to put forward priority initiatives with a view to their application in Russian climate policy. The article discusses the characteristics and potential effectiveness of measures regarding transformation in the environmental, economic, and legal spheres. Economically feasible initiatives to solve ecological and economic problems to increase energy efficiency indicators, structural transformation of the fuel balance, ensuring the fixation of emissions and CO2 content are presented, characterized, justified. The experience of applying cost-effective measures in the framework of leveling the negative effects of greenhouse emissions is analyzed. Considering the sectors of the economy that make the greatest contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to single out the production of electricity and heat. This is followed by transport, manufacturing and construction (mainly cement and similar materials), agriculture. Taking into account the implementation of the entire range of proposed measures, energy use will decrease by 36% by 2030, and greenhouse gas emissions by 51% in relation to the same time period relative to the baseline. The timely formation of a correct regulatory framework, the development of regulatory and reporting processes, subsidizing mechanisms, and the modernization of production structures will allow optimizing the results of the functioning of carbon-intensive industries in the context of the consequences of the introduction of a “carbon tax” with the least losses, adapting the industrial sector of Russia to new conditions.

The article is devoted to the study of modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the risk management system (RMS) of an organization, presented in current risk management standards, regulator recommendations and in the scientific literature on this issue. Based on the assumption that the effectiveness of the risk management system can be assessed by comparing the achieved result with the RMS efficiency criterion, the authors studied the methodological approaches and evaluation criteria proposed in the documents regulating risk management, as well as by specialists. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the specialized literature on the problem of risk management, there is no generally accepted definition of the effectiveness of RMS, as well as clear criteria for its evaluation. An analysis of approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the RMS made it possible to identify the key elements and processes of risk management. Criteria and methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the organization's risk management system are proposed, taking into account the degree of implementation and the effectiveness of the functioning of the RMS elements. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the risk management system will become increasingly relevant. This is facilitated by the changing working conditions of organizations and the objective needs of risk management entities and stakeholders. According to the authors, assessing the effectiveness of risk management systems allows you to obtain reliable information about the flow of business processes and identify problem blocks that impede the achievement of the organization's goals. Such information should be taken into account in the process of making managerial decisions at all levels of management.

The article discusses the process of enterprise integration which will be successful and effective only if there is a reduction in costs in all areas of activity. Their large-scale part can take up transaction costs, which should be determined as ancillary expenses of production to provide the necessary information, as well as to conclude a contractual relationship. At the current stage of integrable structures development the attention of many researchers is paid to the problem of managing the transaction costs of an enterprise. But unfortunately, the issue of its reduction remains insufficiently highlighted in the scientific literature. Investigating the development and functioning of integrable structures, it is necessary to determine the role as well as the conditions for reducing transaction costs. The authors believe that the main condition for the decline is the coincidence of the spheres of activity of the merging enterprises and an effective management company that helps to realize the benefits of integration. Based on this interaction, a synergy effect will be observed. The following relationships can be observed within the integrated structures: competitive, material and non-material. These types have a significant impact on reducing transaction costs, based on which we can talk about competitive advantages and product differentiation. The Russian practice of integrable structures describes various forms of integration, but according to the authors, the effect can be achieved only if there are training management functions on the part of the corporate center. This function can be realized in coordinating the development and implementation of the strategy for the development of innovative programs. The overwhelming majority of management companies prefer comprehensive control over the activities of enterprises, which does not contribute to achieving synergy, reducing transaction costs and gaining competitive advantages.

The article is devoted to reviewing the concept of blockchain in the implementation of a decentralized money transfer system. The concept of fault tolerance of cryptocurrency technology is considered and some aspects of the fault tolerance solution are given. The analysis of information security of enterprises was carried out. The questions of anonymity of banking systems are touched upon. The dependence of the anonymity of the banking system on the quality of the software and on the security policy is shown. Recommendations are given for solving the problem of anonymity, in particular, generating a private key or embedding an algorithm for connecting transactions. Approaches to creating transactions are considered. Examples of algorithms that allow protecting user transactions are given. The description of the blockchain structure and the consensus algorithm has been carried out. The issues of generating a chain of blocks of an honest user and a chain of blocks of an attacker are considered. Formalization of the estimate of the probability of transaction break-even has been carried out. Binomial random walk was used for estimation. The end of the transaction process is just as justified as waiting for new blocks to be added to the chain of an honest user. A digital signature is used to identify whether a transaction belongs to a public key. The processes of signing a transaction and verifying a signature are considered. Separately, the approaches used in the design of cryptocurrencies are highlighted. The network stores the entire history of transactions, it is possible to calculate the balance of the total amount of incoming funds and spending money. These approaches are software solutions based on game theory and cryptography. The main attention is drawn to the business values of cryptocurrencies and ways to achieve them. As a result, the necessary functionality of the software client is formulated. The article provides a thorough analysis of a new financial and settlement instrument - electronic money. The task of developing a virtual payment system has recently received much attention.

The current economic situation in the world is very unstable, which significantly affects the further development of companies. Therefore, an important role in choosing the optimal strategy of companies is played by correctly chosen strategic management. The relevance of this issue is confirmed by a large number of publications, both theoretical and practical, not only here in Russia, but also far beyond its borders. The paper presents an algorithmic approach to the possibility of choosing a strategic vector for the development of a company, analyzes the possibility of building and further using a modernized SWOT matrix that allows the formation of strategic alternatives for the company and takes into account future prospects and risks both in the external market and in the domestic market, and substantiates the weaknesses of this approach leading to loss of data in the study of risk conditions. The paper presents and substantiates the possibility of using simulation tools, as well as the apparatus for probabilistic evaluation of results using estimated weighting factors. The weight coefficients of the objective function in each local case for the corresponding alternative are presented using a specific logical term, and it also becomes possible to describe some restrictions from the allowable space using a conceptual interpretation. In this case, the use of fuzzy logic methods allows us to write down the problem of multi-alternative optimization, taking into account the fact that each alternative can be associated with a specific fuzzy set that best reflects the level of optimality for each objective function in the corresponding alternative of the decision being made. It should be taken into account that any compromise alternative belongs simultaneously to the space of acceptable alternatives and the space of the most optimal solutions.

The article deals with the economic essence of the innovative development of the region. The study analyzes approaches to managing innovative development at the regional level. Improving the investment climate in the region is impossible without assessing the territorial innovation opportunities, which is of particular relevance during the period of sanctions and import substitution. The authors in the article highlight the most influential indicators of innovative activity. Then, the dynamics of development of the selected indicators is assessed and, based on the data obtained, the author's development forecast for several years ahead is given. Without innovative development, it is impossible to create a favorable environment for human life and activities, as well as the development of entrepreneurship. The work carried out a systematic analysis of the innovative indicators of the region, identified their components and main factors influencing the regional innovative potential, as well as shaping its scale. After analyzing the dynamics of the development of the Voronezh region in the field of innovative development, we can conclude that the development trend is positive. According to statistics, it can be seen that 2020 undoubtedly had a negative impact on the innovative development of our country, as evidenced by many indicators. The costs of innovation activity are growing every year, which indicates that the government is stimulating innovation activity, which is currently gradually decreasing. The indicator of development of nanotechnologies, advanced technologies developed and the coefficient of inventive activity showed the largest decline among other analyzed indicators. However, the level of innovation activity in the Voronezh region is growing, so we believe that we can make a great contribution to the development of the future of our country.

The state of any economic system is largely determined by the activities of the entities forming it. In this regard, the main characteristic of any economic entity operating in a market economy is the implementation of production activities. Production activities are carried out in various forms, industries, by individuals or legal entities. It can be defined as a set of actions of employees with the use of labor tools necessary to turn resources into finished products, including the production and processing of various types of raw materials, construction, and the provision of various types of services. The purpose of the production activity of the enterprise is the release of the product, its sale and profit. The production activity of an organization consists of production processes that consist of economic operations: procurement, direct production, financial and sales and organizational activities. For the implementation of the entire set of production processes and the implementation of production activities, a production system is formed at the enterprise, consisting of a set of interrelated and interdependent components, which are usually understood as various resources necessary for production and the result of production. The product as the purpose of creation and operation of the production system appears in the manufacturing process in different forms relative to its source material and readiness. The production of a product is a certain technology, according to which the transformation of costs into products is completed. Being the main process in any organization, production activity determines the economic efficiency of the enterprise. In this regard, it is relevant for any enterprise to evaluate the effectiveness and analysis of production activities. The management of production activities is the most complex and responsible area of management at manufacturing enterprises, since this area accounts for the bulk of the costs of the enterprise. At the same time, it is in this area that the basis for the life of the enterprise is being created. Therefore, the choice of the right directions and appropriate approaches to the assessment and analysis of the production activity of the enterprise is of particular importance

The author continues a series of publications in the subject area of the first generation modifications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for the effective project selection technique. The long term aim of the research is to develop this technique to the qualitatively new and universal states to be further transformed into methodology. The research results are presented. A new concept of “Supermarket” extends the criteria basis of the core in the technique providing a possibility to take into account conventionally unlimited number of any criteria in multilevel hierarchy. The first basic factor of the technique - AHPMS - is extended with a new classifier AHPMS(AM), so that Analytic Hierarchy combines with mathematical statistics methods on the basis of artificial measurements. The third basic factor of AHPDD scientifically new to the technique data is added where analytic hierarchy is combined with deterministic data. The second basic factor in FAHPMS form (AHP synthesis with the methods of fuzzy sets and mathematical statistics methods) has not been strongly extended yet. All the three basic factors in the form of the mentioned classifiers, that are AHP modifiers, use measurement standard of local and ultima analysi resultants of hierarchy priorities via a special formula to calculate matrix estimators. Taking into account this standard the technique was extended with “Statistics Supermarket” for the first and second factors. More than 70 criteria of mathematical statistics were included into the category to extend the possibilities of expert assessments and extend or replace conformity relations in AHP. New formulas to calculate RCSL (resulting compatibility solution level). Application area of the above research results is the development of the investment management and managerial decisions theory. In action the technique will make it possible for the concerned parties to assess and select effective projects for the development of economic and other actors at different economics and management levels.

Training allows employees to better integrate into the workforce, maintain their employment and develop their skills. The systems put in place aim to ensure the employability of the employee, his or her ability to keep or obtain a job. The employee has a right to training. Training plays an important role in the development of human resource skills in any organization. In fact, this lever, which must necessarily affect all aspects in a company and all its functions, must be generalized to all employees, regardless of their level of knowledge or position in the hierarchy. Training is a tool that allows the company to effectively confront an increasingly unpredictable and restrictive environment. The importance of training systems in organizations is such that decision makers regularly commission audits of their companies' training systems to identify strengths and weaknesses and suggest necessary adjustments. This presentation is an opportunity to demonstrate the concept of a training audit and to present a synthesis of examples of how this approach has been applied in the Societe Generale Group as a measure of excellence in the training process.

Ensuring food security is the main issue in solving socio-political problems. The severity and scale of poor-quality nutrition of the world's population are justified by socio-economic factors, which allows us to understand the directions of its solution. Uncontrolled food production and consumption can lead to a catastrophe for humanity. In modern conditions of high uncertainty on world markets in general, on food markets in particular, the intensification of global problems such as climate change and the spread of the pandemic, as well as the conditions in which Russia is placed today in international trade and economic relations, the problem of food security is becoming more urgent than ever before. Food security is one of the strategic components of the national security of the state, the provision of which is defined as the main priority of the agrarian policy of Russia. Only the development of own production will ensure food independence. Of particular importance is the achievement of the maximum level of food security of the country as a result of the substitution of imports of critically important food, as well as everything necessary for their production. Agriculture and the food industry play a decisive role in ensuring food security. The consequences of the pandemic have affected the provision of regional and national food security: the problem of economic accessibility of food has worsened due to a sharp drop in consumer incomes and rising unemployment; the culture of food consumption has changed; a shortage of food has formed, artificially created by consumers themselves due to the general hype; the stop of active export-import operations due to the closure of borders It has led to the complication of logistics chains and a sharp increase in food prices. Within the framework of the study, the scientific and educational component of ensuring global, national and regional food security was studied: the main problems in the field of vocational training and retraining of specialists of processing industries in new crisis conditions were identified, a list of promising areas for the development of scientific directions with subsequent application of the results in the agro-industrial complex industry, as well as the necessary technologies for deep processing of food raw materials needed to increase the level of regional and national food security. A number of recommendations are proposed to ensure effective interaction of scientific, scientific and educational organizations, enterprises of the real sector of the economy and the administration of the Voronezh region.

Traditional approaches to quality assessment at all facilities are implemented in laboratory studies of production in the form of selective control, which does not always ensure the reliability and likelihood of obtaining results. Consequently, an initiative is being put forward to organize a more advanced flow control using modern automatic technologies. In the article, a possible approach to the design of a system for analyzing and controlling the production process of refined deodorized sunflower oil is possible. An analysis of the scientific literature has shown that at the present stage of development, automated control systems for technological processes in various industries in most cases are focused on fixing the parameters of the course of these processes, while the development of control actions is a function of the operator. Thus, there is a need to develop an approach to designing an information system for the analysis and management of the technological process for the production of deodorized refined sunflower oil, which makes it possible to identify bottlenecks in production processes and operations in order to be able to quickly take corrective measures. To improve the quality of products and optimize the work of the technologist-operator and equipment, the structure of an information system has been developed to help in making decisions on managing the process of deodorization of refined deodorized sunflower oil in the form of DFD and IDEF03 diagrams. The main factors influencing changes in product quality indicators are determined

The article examines the essence of the concept of such terms as security and economic security of the transport system of the region, and analyzes the existing approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "economic security". The author's definition of the concept of "economic security of the region" is proposed as a set of conditions and factors aimed at ensuring a fair and adaptive economic environment, conducive to innovation, sustainable development, ensuring an adequate standard of living of the population, with the ability to withstand threats of any nature. Comparative characteristics of methods for assessing economic security are carried out. A method for assessing the level of economic security of the transport system of the region is proposed, which is based on the study of the value of the basic indicators of the economic security of the transport system of the region, with the calculation of integral indicators of economic security. The basic indicators of the economic security of a separate region are given in a comparable form by normalizing them relative to the average values for all territories of the country. The standardization of basic indicators for assessing the state of economic security of the transport system of the region is proposed. Economic security was assessed by calculating the integral coefficient, by the method of multivariate comparative analysis. To assess the economic security of the transport system of the region, a group of indicators of personnel, financial, transport, energy, production and technological, scientific and technical, informational, environmental safety was used, allowing to get an idea of economic security in general. For each safety indicator, the best (reference) value is determined, which is taken as a unit, then the indicators for each safety component are compared with the standard.

The Global Innovation Index (GII) was developed to track innovation potential and efficiency in the country, by utilizing specified inputs and outputs parameters. However, take into account any structural links among elements affecting a country's achievement. We proposed in this study a structural equation model (SEM) based on the hypothesized innovation structure between seven indicators, representing inputs that contain institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication. And outputs which are represented by knowledge and technology outputs, and creative outputs. By using the GII data from 2012 to 2021 in Russia, we discovered that knowledge and technology outputs, as well as infrastructure, have the largest direct and indirect influence on creative outputs and market sophistication, respectively. Also, we found a significant effect of institutions on market sophistication, and a great effect from infrastructure on institutions, and human capital and development. And while innovation is so important for economic growth, it is necessary to increase knowledge absorption to improve innovation performance. Also, for environmental considerations, such as ecological sustainability, as well as the indirect effect on Market sophistication)

For a long time, auditing has been considered a discipline dedicated to the evaluation of financial and accounting information. Today, he has demonstrated his strengths in various areas of business, including the social component, the practice of social audit or its origin, but this discipline remains limited, despite its importance for human resource management. This article discusses social audit as an anti-crisis management tool. Modern social audit has methods that allow us to give a fairly accurate and objective description of the potential of the management body and to identify its real ability to innovate. And they allow you to have a positive impact on the risks associated with human resources management. The main purpose of this publication is to summarize a review of the literature on social auditing and its impact on human resource management risk management. The implementation of a human resource management tool, which is considered the key to socio-economic efficiency and human capital adaptation, is highlighted as a paramount task, despite the fact that most companies do not choose this practice. Based on the results of the analysis of bibliographic materials, it was found that social audit: has a positive impact on the practice of managing risks associated with human resource management; seen as an effective tool for identifying positive social and emotional indicators of improving social performance; the importance of social audit in the enterprise and its role in minimizing crises associated with personnel practices.

Scientific research is aimed at studying the demand and consumer preferences in choosing the type of fresh raw materials, processed fruit and berry products and products based on them. In order to conduct a consumer assessment, it is necessary to investigate the preferences of consumers and identify by what criteria they prefer to buy and consume processed fruit and berry products. A sociological survey was conducted in order to identify and then form the consumer properties of processed berries and stone fruits. The analysis of the survey showed that the most popular berries are: strawberries, black currants, cherries, cranberries, raspberries, blueberries and blackberries. The results showed that the largest part of respondents prefer to buy frozen and dried berries in the spring and winter period in order to make up for vitamin deficiency, the rest do not buy these products, I motivate that fresh berries are always better than processed ones and cannot make up for all the necessary micronutrients. It was found that 21% of consumers prefer frozen berries and fruits to be used for compotes, 18% – fruit and berry fillings, 16% – jelly, 15% – fruit drinks, 9% – jelly-like products and only 4% in thawed form. Catering establishments use frozen berries and stone fruits mainly for the preparation of compotes, fruit drinks, smoothies (38%), as well as for sauces, culinary, sweet and dessert dishes. Confectionery enterprises are used for the preparation of berry fillings. Consumers prefer dried fruit and berry products in the form of snacks for snacking, making drinks, as a component in various confectionery products and in jelly, and desserts.

One of the approaches to creating mental models that allow managers to quickly make decisions in complex multi-valued situations is considered. A stratified description of an economic object is used as a means of consistently deepening the detailing of management considerations, as well as a morphological system analysis to clarify the composition of the components, elements and subsystems of an economic object, identify and analyze the interrelations of components, analyze the integrity of the management system, as well as separate its managed and unmanaged features. An original tabular form of representation of such models is proposed, in which elements of five types are defined: a subsystem of the corresponding level; the purpose of the subsystem; the purpose of the study of the subsystem; interrelationships between subsystems; relationships that ensure the movement of the material flow in the economic object. Each element has its own identification number and a textual description of the subsystem, which facilitates the use of models in computer information systems. The model of the first level serves to isolate the object of study from the external environment. In the model of the second level, an external addition of the management control object was made. The third level model displays activity functions for an economic entity and management functions for management. It is noted that already at the fourth level of the study, which represents the tasks solved by functional components, the number of model elements increases significantly. Accordingly, the perception of the model as a mental model is difficult. However, the study of models of the fourth and fifth levels allows managers to better understand the principles of process management of economic objects. The proposed mental models can be used as a basis that provides a systematic approach to the study of problems of managing economic objects at different levels, from a structural unit of an enterprise to a large association or industry.

The article discusses the features of the mechanism of communication between enterprises of the military-industrial complex and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the peculiarities of the economic space of the Russian Federation, it becomes clear that the organizational, financial and legislative support of business structures is a necessary condition for the development of the country's business space. In recent decades, there has been a tendency in the Russian economy to strengthen the positions of business partnerships, in which the role of the factor of interaction between authorities and business structures is growing. At the same time, such interaction is one of the key and fundamental factors influencing the success of companies, which, in turn, is largely determined by how professionally work with authorities at various levels will be organized. However, along with many positive effects, there are also many problems. Among the key, cornerstone difficulties, one can single out: corruption, imperfection of the legislative framework and organizational foundations for interaction, lack of a balance of interests. The features of interaction between enterprises of the military-industrial complex and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation lie in the heterogeneity of the existing tasks, which are discussed in detail in the text of this work.

Merchandising, as one of the branches of marketing, is currently a rapidly developing field. It is noted that this term is approaching in number of formulations to the multi-valued term "quality". The authors of the article consider the concept of "merchandising" of goods. A general classification of merchandising (manufacturer and seller) is given, as well as its types (category and visual). The main techniques of merchandising include the following types: manipulating the flow of store visitors; positioning shelves; allocating limited space between competing offerings; using materials at the point of sale and installing special displays. It is noted that the consumer receives up to 80...86% of information through the most important sensory modality - vision. Due to the understanding of the importance of vision and sense of aesthetics and taste in merchandising has appeared a whole separate area - visual merchandising. This article discusses 25 types of POS materials ("Points of Sale Materials"). These include advertising wobblers, shelf talkers, hardposters, teabaggers, dorhangers, jumbies, magnetic bookmarks, nekhengers, menhoders and others. Examples are given of the use of basic merchandising principles in practice: bierdeckel - as an active advertising of the institution and drinks; the location of posters (or billboards) in front of the entrance to the public catering establishment; advertising stands in retail outlets for consumer appreciation of new foods; moulage dishes or popular products to attract consumer attention in stores, catering establishments and exhibitions; life-size figures, etc. POS materials should be aimed at performing five steps or stages of sale in terms of influencing the customer: attracting attention, arouse interest, creating desire, building confidence and direction of action. It is noted that the effective promotion of goods, works and services is possible only when the implementation of merchandising principles are approached from the positions of a systematic approach, which includes methodological work on teaching and training of specialists, merchandisers

Under the conditions of sanctions, many Russian industrial enterprises are faced with the acute issue of increasing competitiveness. However, its solution, unfortunately, largely goes beyond the scope of the activity of the enterprise itself, its management system, due to the increasingly complex global economic situation. Also the enterprises themselves often lack effective and efficient methods contributing to the system elaboration of the problem of competitiveness increase. It is proposed to solve the problem of increasing the competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises in conditions of import substitution with the help of the formulated mechanism. It is a set of measures, through which the controlling system affects all the resources of the enterprise, as well as the controlled properties of the external environment. With the intention of implementing its competitive advantages.

The number of commercial transactions in the digital segment, as well as the number of new products on the market, is growing from year to year. The intensification of innovation observed in the market indicates a reduction in the time of the release of a new product, which increases the supply in the market. However, a wide product range does not always allow companies to get their target audience, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the company and a reduction in sales. The intensification of the development of new products forces the manufacturer to improve marketing activities at the output stage. The article clarifies the concept of a new product through a terminological analysis of domestic and foreign sources. For a refined definition, marketing tools were identified at the stage of bringing the product to the market and existing marketing models that describe the diffusion of innovations. An attempt was made to combine the model of E. Rogers and F. Bass with the product life cycle model, which made it possible to draw conclusions regarding marketing activities and the tools used when launching a product in relation to the target audience of a new product. The article analyzed the definition of "new product" in the context of bringing a new product to the market. For a refined definition, conclusions were drawn and made regarding the strategies for entering the market and the marketing tools used in their withdrawal. Not only the strategy and consumer orientation are determined, but also the role of the consumer in bringing a new product to the market, taking into account the E. Rogers innovation diffusion model, the F. Bass model and the product life cycle model.

The purpose of the work is to study the possibilities of improving financial literacy and economic culture, behavioral economics in conjunction with solving the problems of sustainable development in the economic, environmental and social spheres. The apparatus of "behavioral economics" is applied as a theoretical paradigm that takes into account "psychology" to analyze the behavior of subjects of industrial relations. In the work, the author links financial literacy, behavioral economics, economic culture with the problems of sustainable development, and also reveals the conditionality of this development by the need to increase: the culture of thinking, comprehension of moral values, the level of rational consumption. According to the research hypothesis, the solution of these problems is largely due to the quality of the content of the education and enlightenment system. Financial literacy is considered as a condition for increasing the culture of consumption. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, an inductive-deductive method, a descriptive analysis of the fundamentals of the behavior of economic agents: theoretical principles of rational choice (maximizing utility) and observed deviations from rational behavior (limited rationality, behavioral effects and systematic errors associated with them); consumer culture, etc. Projects to improve financial literacy in the higher education system are considered as an educational environment that should be used to form predicative thinking, increase economic culture, culture of thinking, financial literacy, consumer culture, as important components in achieving sustainable development. The author concludes that increasing the financial literacy of the population contributes to an increase in the culture of consumption, which consists in satisfying the natural needs of a person as opposed to irrational behavior and degradation-parasitic consumption, which not only lead to losses in the personal budget, but also increase the destruction of natural resources and the destruction of the biosphere. As a result, it is proposed to supplement the program of improving economic culture conducted by national institutions with the topic of improving consumer culture, to expand the content of the general cultural competencies of the Federal State Educational Institution with a more complete knowledge of dialectics, moral value orientations, and the ability of predicative thinking

The article deals with the issues of ensuring the sustainability of the functioning and development of the food market, which occupies a central place in the macro system of production and distribution of material goods. Its functioning is aimed at ensuring the growing needs of the population in full and high-quality nutrition. This need is actively manifested in crisis conditions, when the task of food supply becomes the highest priority at almost all socio-economic levels. In this regard, the study of market relations in the field of food supply today is an important and necessary condition for improving the efficiency of the functioning and development of the food market. The relevance of this topic is fundamental, while one of the most important areas of scientific research is the sustainability of the functioning and development of the food market. According to the results of the analysis, it was revealed that a wide range of various external and internal factors affect the stability of the food system, in particular, one of the key factors is the observed constant and significant increase in food prices, which is actively provoked by all kinds of political, economic, social, climatic and environmental crises. The analysis of the food market as a dynamic socio-economic system, as well as consideration of the content and features of the market allowed the authors to identify the most important problems of its functioning and development, as well as to identify priority measures to improve the sustainability of the food market, taking into account the identified problems.

At the current stage of development of modern society, the problem of ensuring food security is becoming increasingly important and is rapidly becoming one of the key problems of both national and global nature. Its solution today is an important condition for creating an atmosphere of stability and well-being in the world as a whole, in each individual country or its region. In this regard, there is an objective need for a more detailed and in-depth study of the issues under consideration from practical and theoretical positions, which in turn, in our opinion, requires studying the issues of further development of scientific research in the field of food security both globally and at the national and regional levels, which have become very relevant today. According to the results of the research, priority directions of ensuring food security at the global and international levels have been identified from theoretical and practical positions, the current state of affairs and prospects for further development have been analyzed at the level of national food security under the influence of crisis sanctions and post-crisis factors, key problems of ensuring food security at the meso- and micro-levels have been identified, and approaches have been formed, ways and measures to resolve them.