The article is devoted to increasing the efficiency of kefir production through the use of the simulation method, which allows you to create a multi-agent simulation model that describes the real processes of the studied production in the virtual space. The advantages of using simulation models in comparison with conducting experiments in a real system and using other methods are shown. Such a model allows you to obtain detailed statistics on various aspects of the functioning of the system under study, depending on the input data, reflecting the processes as if they were happening in reality. The article defines the relevance of the topic. It is shown that in the process of producing kefir there are problems typical for the market: constantly changing consumer demand for products, the emergence of new varieties of products, new technologies and modern progressive equipment. To meet these requirements, a flexible, rapidly restructuring production organization scheme is needed, which will work effectively with the introduction of an intelligent system for automatic quality control of kefir production and will contribute to a quick and effective restructuring of the technological equipment used, as well as technological modes of production. Therefore, the analysis of the structure of the dairy enterprise from the point of view of the main events of the modeled system was carried out, on the basis of which a logical and mathematical model of kefir production in the form of a multiphase multichannel system was developed and presented. Also, a systematic analysis of the automation object - the kefir production line was carried out. All stages of kefir production are considered, taking into account the information processes occurring in them, which made it possible to develop a flow diagram of the relationship between different workshops and raw material flows in the production of kefir. The carried out experimental studies allowed to obtain a multi-agent simulation model of kefir production. To implement the presented model, the software product AnyLogic was used. After the development of this model, 2D and 3D simulation models of the kefir production process were presented to test its operability. This article lists all the agents of the model.

According to the data on the norms of consumption of plant products of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, potatoes rank first with a norm of 120 kg per person per year. Much attention is paid to the processing of potatoes, which allows to extend their shelf life, reduce storage capacity and reduce transportation, since 1 kg of dry potato product is equivalent to 7-8 kg of fresh potatoes. Industrial processing of potatoes into dried mashed potatoes and flakes allows to reduce losses of potatoes during storage and transportation, it becomes possible to enrich products with vitamins and other useful components, its nutritional value is better preserved, conditions are created for the complex processing of raw materials with complete disposal of waste and creating stocks of products from potatoes on a case of crop failure. The methods and equipment used for processing lines for potato processing and the production of dried products are distinguished by low thermal efficiency and the degree of use of the potential of the heat carrier and high specific energy consumption per unit of dried product. One of the ways to reduce heat consumption and increase the energy efficiency of production in the processing of edible plant materials is the use of an oscillated heat and moisture supply, which ensures a high quality finished product with an increase in the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the energy technology system. The modeling of the heat transfer process for contact drying with variable energy supply during potato processing was carried out to optimize the production technology, determine the rational production parameters of the roller dryer and increase the energy efficiency of the technological line. On the basis of the obtained model of heat exchange with variable heat supply, the calculation of the contact drying process for a roller dryer in the production of dry potato flakes is carried out

The article is devoted to the development of a mathematical regression model of the beet pulp  pressing process carried out on on a deep press extruder. The following parameters of beet pulp pressing were taken as initial ones: initial moisture content (before the extruder) and final moisture content (after the extruder); sugar content in the pulp before and after pressing; sugar content in the pulp; beet chips length before and after pressing; total biological contamination of sugar beet pulp; pulp acidity before and after pressing; acidity of the granulated pulp. The Fuzzy Logic Toolbox module included in the MatLab package is used to implement the proposed technique. The Surfase Viewer module is used to present the simulation results in a graphical form. Such studies were previously carried out with the CurveExpert 1.3 application package. The resulting equations adequately describe the change in the sugar content in the pulp and its nutritional value depending on the pulp acidity and moisture content, as well as the length of the sugar beet chips. The significance of the influence of each of the main technological parameters (acidity and moisture content of the beet pulp, the length of the beet chips) on the amount of sugar in the pulp and its nutritional value was determined in the work. The resulting quadratic dependences having sufficiently high coefficients R2, adequately describe the process of beet pulp pressing in a deep press extruder with an assessment of the influence of variable parameters on the content of residual sugar and feed units in beet pulp. The data obtained make it possible to objectively evaluate the work of a deep-pressing exstruder and justify the kinematic mode of the screws rotation, which allows minimizing the cost of finished products.

Various types of membrane units, including standard units for permeate separating, which are currently used for various liquids processing, are considered. Their advantages and disadvantages, working conditions and operating features are assessed. The principle of operation of membrane units with the bleed of the polarization layer is analyzed. A distinctive feature of such devices is the separation of the feed stream into three parts: adjacent to the membrane, including a polarization layer, with an increased concentration of high molecular substances (HMS) – concentrate, a spent stream core to be re-processed – retentate, and permeate, that practically contains no HMS. The unit scheme and the principle of operation of the plant completed with this equipment are given. A feature of this plant is the parallel arrangement of the membrane devices. In this configuration of the plant, there are two flow circulation loops and two tanks, in one of which there will be a depleted solution, in the other the retentate. During operation, the circulation of the depleted flow is provided. In this case, the resulting polarization layer (concentrate) will be discharged into the second tank. The working process continues until the complete depletion of the solution in the first tank. In the event that the solution in this tank is exhausted, and the required concentration of the product has not been reached, the second tank with the concentrate activates and the process continues. The principle of operation in this case is similar. The rotation of tanks continues until the required degree of concentration of the product is obtained. A calculation algorithm, a block diagram and a program for calculating the operating time of a membrane installation are proposed, for which a certificate of state registration of a computer program has been obtained. The calculation algorithm and program interface are presented. This program makes it possible to predict the operation of such installations and provides for the possibility of optimizing their operation.т.п.)

The intensification of animal husbandry is accompanied by an increase in demand for high-quality compound feed, which largely determines the level of development and economics of animal husbandry, especially industrial, specialized livestock farms. Reducing feed costs is one of the key challenges. Its solution is impossible without the rational use of grain and other raw materials, the introduction of modern innovative technologies and equipment at feed mills. Barothermal treatment of the grain mixture in the expander reduces bacterial contamination, completely destroys coliform bacteria, E. coli, mold fungi and salmonella. The technology for the production of expanded feed for broiler chickens was developed in the course of the work. Broiler chickens of the Smena 7 cross were used as the object of the study. It was found that the chicken palatability of the expanded compound feed developed with the help of the optimization program "Korm Optima Expert" improved and at the age of 28 days their live weight increased by 2.5–3 times in groups,  chickens that received grits from granular expandate having the highest indicator (915 g). At the end of the experiment 42-days old chickens of the control group had a live weight of 2246 g, and the chickens that received granulated expandate - 2574 g. The average daily gain in live weight of chickens was 66.4 g, which is 7.9% higher than in the control group. The results of the control slaughter of chickens showed an increased yield of meat in chickens treated with expanded pellets (69.5%) compared to the control (67.6%). The best indicators of the productivity of broiler chickens of the Smena 7 cross were obtained when feeding compound feed in the form of grains from granulated expandate in the first period of cultivation and granulated expandate in the second period of cultivation.

The problem of technical solutions for the implementation of a software and hardware complex for food quality management is considered. The review and analysis of existing modern control systems is presented, which made it possible to conclude that today food enterprises need new effective solutions using highly efficient intelligent technologies. The analysis of the possibility of intellectualization of the food production quality management system is carried out. The main tasks of this system are presented. It is shown that a practical basis for the implementation of this problem can be the creation of a software and hardware complex for an automated food quality control system using artificial intelligence technologies, which includes neural network technologies, computer vision systems, simulation modeling and an effective combination of hybrid methods and technologies in its arsenal. Methods, algorithms and technologies for the development of the investigated software and hardware complex of an intelligent automated food quality control system are analyzed. The developed generalized functional structure of such an intelligent system and the main stages of its implementation are presented. The main types of support for this system have been developed: information, mathematical and software. The main stages of decision-making on the quality of finished food products have been developed. The necessary technical means are recommended for the implementation of the system. For the practical implementation of the developed intelligent system, the CP1EE14DRA controller from Omron was chosen - a modular programmable controller. As an operator's workstation, a choice should be made in favor of Siemens products - SIMATIC Panel PC. For the tasks of data storage and implementation of calculations, a conventional personal server equipped with a powerful processor, for example, IntelCorei7, has been proposed. It is shown that the implementation of the developed intelligent automated food quality management system makes food industry enterprises more efficient and safe.

An assessment of the increase in the efficiency of gas exchange was carried out on the example of students of an engineering university with the daily use of an additive containing food components with known bio-correcting properties: flour of wheat germ cake Ц 45%, sprouted chickpea seeds Ц 15%, dried leaves of japanese kelp Ц 5%, a component of animal origin in the form of whey protein concentrate Ц 35%. The change in the energy efficiency of the nutritional status was assessed based on the analysis of the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the exhaled gas mixture and the level of hemoglobin oxygenation (SpO2), the values ??of which were recorded before and after daily consumption of the test products for 30 days. The study group of patients consisted of volunteers among first-year students of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies - boys and girls aged 17-18 years. In the course of experimental studies, the subjects showed an increase in the SpO2 level by 0,83% and CO2 by 4,06%, as well as a decrease in the O2 concentration by 2,62% in the exhaled gas mixture. The data obtained indicate an increase in the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the subjects' blood, accompanied by a shift in the active blood reaction (pH) towards an alkaline medium, which occurs between the alveolar air and the blood of the pulmonary veins and capillaries due to the diffusion of CO2 through the alveolar membrane. An increase in the concentration of CO2 in exhaled air is accompanied by an increase in the efficiency of O2 transport, and also prevents the formation of erythrocyte complexes as a result of changes in the physicochemical properties of the membrane. The data obtained make it possible to state the possibility of an active alimentary effect on the efficiency of gas exchange, and prove the antihypoxant properties of the enrichment additive. The reliability of the experimental data was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test, which confirmed the presence of a positive effect of the components of the enrichment supplement on the human body. The results of the work convincingly prove the role of alimentary factors in increasing the efficiency of the most important functions of the body of adolescents of the older age group, regardless of gender, which naturally leads to an increase in the body's resistance to changes in external and internal influences. The data obtained in the course of research indicate the possibility of classifying the components of the supplement as alimentary biocorrectors that ensure the effectiveness of the process of energy metabolism of the body in adolescents.

Technological parameters for the production of gluten-free biscuits have been developed. wheat flour containing gluten has been replaced with gluten-free oat and corn flour. Also, eggs or melange traditionally used for biscuits were replaced with chickpea flour soaked in mineral carbonated water. This substitution of ingredients influenced the production technology. Soaking of chickpea flour in mineral carbonated water was carried out at room temperature in the open air for 15 minutes. This allows the vegetable protein contained in chickpea flour to bind with water to give a viscous texture. In contrast to the classical production technology, the developed one: excludes the whipping operation; baking biscuit semi-finished product is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, baking was carried out at a temperature of 180 C in a closed tin for 10 minutes so that the moisture does not evaporate and it does not dry out. And then, at the same temperature, the biscuit was baked for 15 minutes in an open tin to evaporate excess moisture. The addition of oatmeal, corn and chickpea flour can expand the diet of patients with symptoms of gluten intolerance. The penetration of gluten into the body becomes the cause of a disruption in the absorption of nutrients (macro- and micro elements, vitamins), and a deterioration in the general condition of a person. As a result, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted. Improvement of technologies for the production of gluten-free products based on introduced ingredients expands the range of gluten-free food products of domestic production and allows them to be made available to a wide range of consumers. The problem of producing gluten-free products remains a high priority for producers and consumers.

Cyanobacteria are the oldest microorganisms capable of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The wide prevalence and high adaptability of cyanobacteria is provided by secondary metabolites of various chemical nature. Among them are polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, non-protein amino acids, lipopolysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids and others with a wide range of biological activity. Cyanobacteria have a huge potential for discovering new natural molecules, studying the ways of their biosynthesis, developing new pharmaceuticals, and their clinical application. The advantage of cyanobacteria as a microbial source for drug discovery is the economy of their cultivation using simple inorganic nutrients compared to other microorganisms. Unlocking the potential of cyanobacteria requires the use of advanced methods of biotechnology and synthetic biology, which is associated with the need to modify the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria to obtain a wide range of valuable compounds. Biological treatment using microalgae is one of the most promising areas of biotechnology for wastewater treatment, characterized by high efficiency, simplicity, and environmental friendliness. The problem remains to obtain strains that are tolerant to high concentrations of carbon dioxide and eutopic cultivation conditions in cattle-breeding effluents. Integration of cyanobacterial-based biotechnologies into the cycle of purification and processing of animal waste is also a challenge. Work in this direction is currently ongoing. The use of modern biotechnology methods will allow the use of cyanobacteria for the biodegradation of pollutants, including animal waste, the production of effective non-toxic and relatively inexpensive medicines capable of overcoming drug resistance and improving the effectiveness of treatment, as well as nanoparticles, molecular hydrogen, and solving other practical problems of ecology, biotechnology, medicine.

Due to the stabilization and growth of meat production, the demand of the Russian population for meat products at the expense of its own production is provided by 77%, the country continues to be the largest exporter of meat and meat products, which damages its economy. Russia's share in global meat production is significantly lower than its potential and is about 2%. The rapid growth of various probiotics and feed additives currently being diagnosed is taking on a wide scale and is the basis of the biosafety system of livestock products. The effectiveness of the use of probiotic drugs is related to the mechanism of their action, which consists in their ability to produce a wide range of biologically active substances. The prospects of using probiotic additives in the industry of industrial rabbit breeding to increase the meat productivity of young rabbits are considered. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out on the number of rabbits in production conditions: LLC "Lipetsk rabbit" of the Lipetsk region. It is proved that the inclusion of a complex probiotic preparation based on Vetom 3.0 and Vetom 1 in the feed diet of rabbits has a positive effect on the chemical composition and flavor profile of the meat resources obtained. A comprehensive study of rabbit meat obtained using the developed scientific approaches showed that this type of raw material is characterized by an increased protein content (up to 21.55–21.94%) with a simultaneous decrease in adipose tissue. The calculation of economic efficiency showed that the introduction of a complex probiotic based on Vetom series drugs into the production cycle increases the level of profitability from 9.34 to 42.24%, while reducing feed costs by 0.89 ECU and increasing the slaughter yield of rabbits by 2.96%.

Fruit and berry mousses used as desserts and cake fillings have low nutritional value due to protein deficiency. Legumes can be used as ingredients for enriching sweet dishes. The aim of the work was to study and substantiate the possibility of using beans seeds in the technology of dessert mousse of increased biological value. The objects of the study were samples of seeds of white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and mousses prepared on their basis. This type of beans is constantly presented on the Russian market and is the main one in canning. Investigations were carried out: the chemical composition of bean seeds was determined, a recipe for bean mousse was developed, an analysis of the nutritional value, consumer properties and shelf life of the new product was carried out. Standard laboratory methods of analysis were used. Boiled crushed beans (bean paste) were added to the mousse. In boiled beans, compared to dry seeds, the water content increased from 7.7 to 58.9%, protein decreased from 22.9 to 8.2% (in dry matter 24.8–20.2% ). Based on the analysis of the influence of the amount of beans on the formation of the structure and organoleptic properties of the mousse, the optimal content of beans in the mousse was established - 40%. The developed mousse recipe includes: boiled beans, additional flavoring substances (sugar, fruit or berry juice), a structurant (gelatin), water. Bean mousse is characterized by a high protein content (over 6%) and dietary fiber (over 3%), moderate calorie content (160 kcal/100 g of product), lack of preservatives and flavor enhancers, therefore it can be classified as a healthy food.

The research aimed to justify the production of quark from a normalized mixture with whey protein hydrolysate using Advanced Technology (АТ) and acid coagulation to reduce the allergenicity of the finished product. The whey protein hydrolysate obtained with the help of the enzymes Promod 439L and Flavorpro 766MDP was proposed as a component of normalization and consistency stabilizer because it characterized by reduced allergenicity and a high content of biologically active peptides. The chemical composition of the finished product and its microbiological properties as well as microstructure were determined using standard arbitration and generally accepted research practices. It was found that the replacement of 30% of skimmed milk in the normalized mixture with whey protein hydrolysate has a positive effect on the consistency of the finished product and allows to reduce allergenicity at 50%. The excessive content of hydrophilic whey proteins, as well as peptides, contributes to the formation of consistency and moisture retention inside the dispersed system without syneresis. The experimental sample characterized by high concentration of living cells of starter microorganisms (more than 109CFU/gr) and high survival rate of the starter microflora during the storage (more than 4 times in comparison with the control sample). The additional proteolytic breakdown of milk proteins during the fermentation leads to the reduction of the antigenicity of proteins. The developed curd product can be recommended as part of dietary and general diets as biologically complete product with reduced allergenicity. This approach provides a closed cycle for processing raw materials at dairy enterprises.

The article provides basic information about the functional properties of flour culinary products developed on the basis of rice and corn flour with additives of powders of vegetable origin: jerusalem artichoke, sea buckthorn, apples, carrots, tomato, paprika, dill, daminaria, and stevia extract was used as a sweetener. Balanced nutritionally adapted nutrition, corresponding to the physiological needs of schoolchildren, gender and individual characteristics of children aged 7–11 years, is necessary for the full development of physical and intellectual abilities. In this connection, the development of flour culinary products nutritionally adapted to the peculiarities of baby food, the optimization of the ingredient composition of flour culinary products, taking into account the technological properties of raw materials and biomedical recommendations for the diet of this category of nutritionists will contribute not only to achieving the best results in their development, physical and mental improvement, but will also prevent a number of alimentary-dependent diseases and conditions of this category of the population. This determines the main task of research and is relevant and promising. The purpose of the development of new specialized products is to obtain enriched gluten-free compositions for the production of high-quality pancake tape by an industrial method. The article presents data on the optimization of the ingredient composition of flour culinary products, considering the technological properties of raw materials and biomedical recommendations for the nutrition of schoolchildren of grades 1–4. The list of ingredients with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties and the possibility of their use in the preparation of specialized flour culinary products for school meals is scientifically substantiated. Optimization was carried out using modern programs providing mathematical modeling of product formulations in the realized range of parameter changes. The qualitative and quantitative prescription composition is modeled in accordance with sanitary norms and requirements of the SanPiN 2.3/2.4.3590–20 requirements for children's food products, considering their physical exertion. The relationship between the mass fraction of protein components (rice and corn flour and egg white) and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of flour culinary products for the nutrition of schoolchildren has been established. It is experimentally proved that the use of the developed recipe compositions will contribute to an increase in the content of protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, increase the biological value and the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in flour culinary products for the nutrition of students aged 7–11 years.

Contamination by microorganisms of food products leads to a change in their texture, taste and aroma, significantly reduces the shelf life. The development of high-throughput DNA analysis methods has made it possible to improve the screening of microorganisms, allowing simultaneous analysis of all bacterial taxa at once. It has previously been demonstrated that high-throughput sequencing is able to identify potentially dangerous microorganisms in various substrates. The bacterial composition of fermented dairy products and cheeses was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. In yoghurts, bacteria from the genera Streptococcus and Lactococcus are most abundantly represented. Genera of bacteria were found that should not be contained in yoghurts normally: Enterococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. In addition, opportunistic bacteria of the genera Enterobacter and Escherichia were found. The processed cheese had the most diverse microbial community. Genera of bacteria that normally should not be contained in processed cheese were also found: Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp. Opportunistic bacteria of the genera Proteus (7.31%), Klebsiella (3.94%) and Escherichia (2.56%) were also found. Bacteria from the genera Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were the most abundant in cottage cheese. Genera of bacteria were found that normally should not be contained in cottage cheese: Acetobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Lysinibacillus sp. Despite the fact that lactic acid bacteria were detected in the studied products in the largest relative abundance, the data obtained indicate that a stricter approach to quality control of fermented milk products is needed. Opportunistic bacteria were present in almost all the products that were analyzed.

According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 21, 2020 N 20 "On the approval of the Doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation", the basis for the formation of a national quality management system for food and agricultural products, the main goal of which is to ensure product quality as the most important component of improving health population, improving the quality of agricultural products with the help of modern innovative technologies and feed additives, promoting and stimulating the growth of demand and supply for better food products and ensuring the observance of consumer rights to purchase quality products. Achieving the goals of the Doctrine in the field of improving the quality of food and feed products is supposed to be realized with the help of some tasks, where one of them is the development of the production of food additives and ingredients in the Russian Federation, as well as the development and implementation of a quality management system for agricultural and food products and the creation of conditions for production of new generation products with specified quality characteristics. In this regard, this paper discusses the optimal and economical methods for extracting the dye from the flowers of Clitoria ternatea in order to reduce the duration of the production cycle and the introduction of low-waste technologies, which can exclude the irrational use of raw materials, lead to an increase in production, a decrease in the cost of the finished product, and an increase in economic production indicators, reducing the anthropogenic impact of production on the environment. Also, the work has developed and described a modern technology for the production of a dye, according to which it is possible to improve the quality and safety monitoring system. The prospects of using the dye from Clitoria ternatea flowers in feed additives for farm animals and birds are considered. This can undoubtedly be of interest to the business community, therefore, we can assume that the production of a natural dye from plant materials and this work is a fairly relevant subject within the framework of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, not only from the medico-biological, but also from the technological side.

Whey containing more than 50% of milk solids can be attributed to an insufficiently demanded raw material of the dairy industry. The restriction of its usage for food purposes is the high residual antigenicity of whey proteins. This work aimed to justify the possibility of using milk-containing products with whey protein hydrolysate, characterized by reduced residual antigenicity, in healthy and dietary diets. Experimental work was carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Dairy Industry, the Animal-Derived Food Technology department and the Core Facilities Centre "Control and Management of Energy-efficient Projects" at the FSBEI HE VSUET. Compositions were developed for a sports nutrition drink made from whey protein hydrolysate with the addition of fructose, and a milk-containing drink with the replacement of 30% skimmed milk necessary for standardization with whey protein hydrolysate. The chemical composition, physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the finished products were established. The reduction of the true protein content was proven to 1.33% for a sports nutrition drink and to 1.69% for a milk-containing drink. Peptides and proteins in the finished products have a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa, which indicates a decrease in their potential antigenicity. The developed beverages are characterized by a high content of biologically active peptides, macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins. Their quality and safety indicators meet the requirements of the TR CU 033/2013. These products can be used as part of dietary diets for people who are allergic to cow's milk proteins. The organization of their production will contribute to import substitution in the segment of low-allergenic dairy products.

The basic information about the quality of meat-and-vegetable functional combined minced meat, developed on the basis of a wide range of semi-finished products: "Detsky" steak, "Totosha" schnitzel, "Shkolny" rump steak, croquettes with zucchini, "Solnechnogorsk" cutlets, sticks with vegetables, lazy cabbage rolls "School" , chicken cutlets, "School" meatballs, "Children" meatballs, in which combinations of various types of meat and poultry with bread, cereals, flour, eggs, dry milk, breadcrumbs, vegetables, parsley are selected. Such a mutual addition of the recipe with various components allows you to create a product that best meets the needs of the body in terms of nutritional value and calorie content. Particularly important is the introduction of various vegetables into minced meat recipes, which are a storehouse of vitamins and minor substances necessary for the child's body. The most valuable for the digestion of a growing organism is the introduction of cauliflower with onions, cabbage, which is necessary to stimulate the growth of healthy microflora. Therefore, the selected combinations for various types of raw materials for the design of new generation products that meet the physiological needs of a growing organism in a timely manner, and their development is relevant. The purpose of the study is the development of recipes and technologies for specialized products of increased nutritional value for school meals. Marketing research was used, physical and chemical, structural and mechanical, organoleptic, functional and technological, microbiological indicators were used. The possibility of using quick-frozen cauliflower onions containing lactulose for the production of meat products from cutlet mass, contributing to the full functioning of the intestine by improving the microflora, has been substantiated. Studied consumer preferences of students. The technologies of freezing and long-term storage without changes in quality and safety indicators have been proposed. Dependences of organoleptic, structural and mechanical, functional and technological indicators on the properties of raw materials and materials have been revealed. New values of physicochemical, radiological and microbiological indicators of functional products have been obtained after 30 days of storage. The nutritional and energy value has been determined. The regulatory and technological documentation has been completed and tested in the production conditions of school food factories. Developed rations for students in grades 1-4 with the inclusion of specialized meat dishes.

The article presents analytical data on the content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber in complementary foods for children from 4 months and for pregnant women. 37 samples of cereals from various manufacturers and 4 samples of porridge for pregnant women were analyzed. These products were developed on the basis of buckwheat, wheat, rice, corn and oat flour, with or without the addition of milk powder, and with or without the addition of flavoring ingredients: apple, peach, banana, apricot, quince, pumpkin. As the results of the study showed, the total content of dietary fiber (DF) in the samples under study varied greatly from 0.6% («Malych» (Istra, rice flour) up to 21.6% («Heinz, Mom's porridge», based on buckwheat flour), which depended on the quantitative composition of complementary foods and the type of flour introduced, as well as on the availability of milk and flavor fillers. In the samples of cereals of the «Malych» series, with the same percentage of bookmarks in the recipe composition of cereal flour, the total content of DF was 0.6, 1.3 and 2.25% for rice, buckwheat and oat flour, respectively. In the samples of cereals of the «Heinz» series, the total DF content was 5.4% based on corn flour, 10.0% with rice, 10.5% with wheat and 16.3% each with buckwheat and oat flour. The addition of fruit additives to the recipe leads to an increase in the DF content in the product from 13.1% («Heinz» buckwheat flour with apple) to 18.6% («Heinz» buckwheat flour with quince). In a series of Heinz porridges based on oatmeal with various flavorings, the results of the study were: without filler - the total content of DF was 16.3%; with the addition of apple - 17.9% and with the addition of apricot and apple - 19.7%. In multi-cereal porridges, the total content of dietary fiber ranged from 4.4% «Porridge of seven cereals» to 10.1% «Milk porridge of three cereals with a banana».

Contemporary market of food of animal origin and its substitutes, i.e. dairy alternatives offers a range of non-alcohol beverages of plant origin (plant “milk”) of different level of particles’ dispersion. At Russian food market dairy alternative beverages are mostly cereal and food products by well-known brands. Application of alternative types of bean crops (green beans and haricot) in production of non-alcohol beverages of plant origin or synthetic products should be proven not only with consideration of their biological activity and their toxicity as well. The article deals with the results of comparative analysis of nutritional value and the evaluation stage of the basic toxicity of natural compositions of plant dispersion of germinated grains of bean varieties bred at Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture and Omsk State Agrarian University in in vitro conditions. To estimate the level of toxicity and biological activity of natural compositions of plant dispersion of germinated bean grain of varieties Chishminskiy 95, Chishminskiy 229, Pamyati Khangildina, and haricot of varieties Omichka and Lukerya the most popular method for OZBlue - matter detection was used, i.e. the test on human civilized cell cultures HEK 293. It has been found out that plan dispersion of these varieties do not show the visible toxicity level in the interval of the concentrations under research, what gives a possibility to use them for targeted production.

The production of beer that meets the requirements of consumers in terms of quality and price is one of the most important aspects of competition in their sales market. It is known that the quality of the beer is associated with colloidal stability, which is often achieved through the use of different methods, such as chemical, enzymatic and physicochemical methods. Chemical methods are used to reduce the rate of oxidative processes in beer by introducing antioxidants. At the same time, enzymatic methods are often used in the mashing step. They involve enzyme preparations to regulate the levels of protein and carbohydrates (?-glucans and dextrins) in the beer. In breweries, physicochemical methods based on adsorbents that help remove major haze components such as protein and polyphenols from beer are commonly used. Since expensive imported materials such as silica gel and PVPP are widely used in Russia, which leads to additional production costs, this work is devoted to studying the possibility of reducing the costs of beer stabilization by replacing imported silica gels with domestic ones. For the study, we used domestic silica gels manufactured by "Tovesorb" (Russia). In addition, we used silica gels of foreign production Stabifix (Germany) and Britesorb L10 (Netherlands) as a control. The obtained results showed the prospects of using domestic brands of silica gel from "Tovesorb" (Russia), which were not inferior to imported analogues in terms of their adsorption properties.

Locusts are insect species that can form migratory swarms, causing widespread destruction of crops and pastures, with significant impacts on food security. This article assesses the potential for beneficial use of locust swarms. Of the 21 known locust species, about ten species have traditionally been consumed by humans or fed to animals for thousands of years in 65 countries. Their nutritional composition is comparable to that of regular meat. However, insecticide residues, microbial contaminants and allergens can jeopardize the safety of their use. Several countries have developed regulations for edible insects, including locusts. In this article, prototypes of acrides were obtained and their chemical composition was determined - the content of crude protein, dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, minerals, and the amino acid composition was determined. All studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods, based on the results of the studies, conclusions were drawn and possible methods of using acrides are described - locusts are rich in protein; minerals such as calcium, iron and zinc; a number of vitamins; useful fatty acids; in addition, the quantitative content of amino acids in locusts is higher than in meat products of slaughter. Safe and effective collection of locusts can help preserve agricultural land, as well as provide material as feed for animals and fish, and rearing locusts under incubation conditions can facilitate their use in food products in order to enrich them with protein or replace part of the raw materials.

Sunflower proteins, due to their high nutritional and biological value and wide distribution in the Russian Federation, are promising raw material for the production of food protein products for use in therapeutic and preventive and infant nutrition. In this regard, when choosing sunflower varieties, special requirements are put forward to them: a sufficiently high protein content and a high proportion of the kernel in the seeds, a balanced amino acid composition, compliance of safety indicators with the standards of technical regulations. VNIIFАТs conducts long-term research on the development of technology for protein concentrate and sunflower seed isolate. In cooperation with VIR, scientific work devoted to the selection of sunflower varieties that allow to obtain protein products with optimal properties is carried out. Functional properties, nutrient composition and physico-chemical parameters of sunflower protein concentrate have been studied. It is shown that sunflower protein is not inferior in its properties and biological value to soy protein concentrates presented on the Russian market. Therefore, it can be recommended as a protein and functional additive in therapeutic preventive and baby food products.

Milk is one of the food products necessary for the human body, as it is the main source of high-grade proteins, essential amino acids, and vitamins. In this regard, special attention is given to the assessment of milk quality indicators. Scientific research was carried out at Bolshevik LLC, Khokholsky District, Voronezh Region, in 2020 on daughter cows of red-and-white sires, which were divided into two groups according to the primary breeding records. Group I included daughters of sire 3618 of the line Vis Back Aydal 1013415, group II - daughters of sire 1008 of line Reflection Sovering 198998. Each group included 15 animals. Indicators of milk productivity and development of cows-daughters were defined from the data of the primary breeding records of the farm with the Selex program. A slight superiority of cows-daughters of the bull of the Reflection Sovering 198998 line (group II) over the daughters of group I in terms of milk yield and the mass fraction of protein and fat was established as a result of the analysis of milk production for the first lactation. Prospects for the production of soft cheeses based on cow's milk obtained from two lines of bulls - producers using classical production technology were considered. The prospects for obtaining soft cheeses of a combined composition by including mung bean protein concentrate in a normalized mixture to increase their nutritional value were shown in the work. The influence of the dosage of mung bean concentrate on the duration of milk clotting at different temperatures has been studied. A comparative assessment of the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the obtained cheeses is presented in the work.

Systemic deficiency of vitamin D and silicon compounds in the human body leads to numerous negative consequences, primarily in the field of the functioning of the musculoskeletal system: even in the absence of a lack of calcium and phosphorus compounds, which are considered to be the main bone-forming substances, bone mineralization substances, the likelihood of falls and fractures increases, muscle pain occurs. Based on the known mechanisms of the physiological action of vitamin D and silicon on the human body, it was assumed in this work that a food supplement containing cholecalciferol and water-soluble chelated forms of silicon will have a synergistic effect. It was shown that using solid-phase mechanochemical treatment in the optimal mode, a product containing water-soluble chelated silicon compounds with an equilibrium concentration of up to 24 mg / l is obtained from rice husks and green tea. The optimal mode, characterized by high resistance to instabilities of the technological process, obtaining a product containing chelated silicon compounds from rice husk and green tea, is the rotor speed of the RM-50 semi-industrial centrifugal roller mill-activator equal to 1200 rpm at a feed rate of processing area equal to 43 kg / h. The resulting prototype was used as a solid matrix - the basis for applying cholecalciferol and obtaining a biologically active food supplement. The calculated amounts of the supplement required for consumption to replenish the body's daily need for vitamin D have shown the advisability of using soluble gelatin capsules.

The problems of extrusion process influence on the fatty acid composition of products obtained from the cake of cruciferous oilseeds (rapeseed, camelina) were considered in the article. Cakes of these crops have a wide range of uses for fodder purposes, which indicates their high biological value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effectiveness of rape and camelina cakes before and after the extrusion process accorfding to the calculation of the rationality coefficient of the fatty acid composition. An increase in the content of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids were revealed during studies after extrusion processing. A decrease in the amount of linolenic acid was also noted in the work. Its amount decreased by 2.24% in rapeseed cake and by 2.63% in camelina cake after extrusion. It was determined that the coefficient of unsaturation of oils in rapeseed and camelina cakes decreases after extrusion by 4 and 3% for rapeseed and camelina cakes, respectively. The calculation of the rationality coefficients of the fatty acid composition showed an increase in the biological efficiency of oils in rapeseed and camelina cake after extrusion. The balance of the fatty acid composition increased after extrusion by 0.07 fractions of a unit in rapeseed cake and by 0.04 fractions of a unit in camelina. The use of the extrusion method in the processing of cruciferous oilseeds makes it possible to expand the range of raw materials for the feed industry, obtain feed that is safe for feeding animals and poultry, does not reduce its quality during storage and increases the energy value of the diet, and provides opportunities for the development of food products with increased content of essential fatty acids as well.

Consumption of fermented milk products containing healthy substances is an effective means of strengthening the protective functions of the human body. Development of the new product technology is based on a well-founded method of introduction of plant components forming their composition and properties. The purpose of this work is to study the method of adding a mixture of aronia and hawthorn powders, the effect on organoleptic indicators and individual physicochemical properties of yogurt. During the work, a set of generally accepted standard research methods was used. The subjects of the study are samples of yogurt produced by a thermostat method, but differing in the step of introducing an enrichment additive. Digestion was performed using a dry bacterial starter for "vivo" brand yogurt. Based on the results of the study, the stage and method of adding a plant additive to the milk mixture are selected. The optimal dose for adding aronia and hawthorn powders to the milk mixture was 5%. It has been found that the addition of the additive before fermentation leads to a deterioration in appearance and consistency (whey peel off), and when a mixture of aronia and hawthorn powders is introduced at the fermentation stage, it contributes to an improvement in organoleptic indices of goat's milk-based yogurt. According to physical and chemical indicators, the developed sample according to the proposed technology meets the requirements set by TR TS 021/2011, TR TS 033/2013 and GOST 31981.

The article is devoted to the systematization of scientific developments of domestic scientists in the sphere of oilseeds flax processing and their use in technologies of flour products. Oilseed flax is the only oilseed crop in which almost all anatomical parts are important for industrial processing. The use of oil flax in the food industry is due not only to the presence of biologically valuable nutrients, but also to the functional and technological properties inherent in the products of their processing. It is shown that along with whole and ground flax seeds, not only flax seeds processing products (full-fat, semi-fattened, skimmed and oil), but also bran and cryopowder from seeds are widely used in the above food technologies. Flax seed hydrocolloids or dry polysaccharide extract deserve special attention, which are of interest not only from the technological point of view (analog of xanthan gum, guar gum), but also from the medical and biological position, since they perform prebiotic function in the human body. Analysis of numerous domestic sources of scientific, technical and patent information allows us to conclude that flax seeds are, on the one hand, a well-known and widely used raw material. On the other hand, it should be noted that there are still a number of insufficiently elaborated directions, in particular, additional research is needed, which will allow to realize on an industrial scale economically competitive technologies of production of flour products, maximizing the potential (technological and medical and biological) of non-starch polysaccharides, lignans and other biologically active compounds of flax seeds

From the technological point of view, the presence of fat in food products gives them the necessary consistency and supports the output value. Meat products are characterized by high levels of animal fat and sodium chloride, often resulting in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the content of fat, salt and functional food ingredients for meat products. Mass fat reduction can be achieved by introducing inulin. Prebiotic and fat free properties allow it to be used in meat products, including functional products, without loss of food and sensory characteristics of the finished product. Studies were carried out on the influence of the Inulin polysaccharide additive on model samples and the optimal dosage of the application was selected. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the substitution of 10% of fatty meat with Inulin is the most optimal as there is an increase in water holding capacity and fat-holding capacity, which has a positive effect on consistency. The use of food fibres in meat products has a positive effect on GI due to its specificity. Inulin is not digestible by human digestive enzymes, thereby improving the gastrointestinal tract, stimulating the peristaltic intestine, accelerating the growth of useful microflora, and thanks to high water holding capacity contributes to the formation of elastic mass inside the intestine and improves its withdrawal. For a more complete assessment of the influence of inulin on the nutritional value of meat systems, the digestibility of proteins by the main enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract in the experiments «in vitro» has been determined. The experiment found that in controlling the digestibility of proteins is 2% higher in relation to the experimental sample. It has been found that the digestibility of the Inulin prototype is not significantly affected.

The paper proposes an engineering calculation method, on the basis of which it was proposed to use three ultrafiltration units connected in series for the ultrafiltration separation of cheese whey components. These installations operated in a continuous cycle, which contained membrane devices with the calculated parameters. This paper describes a scheme for obtaining whey protein concentrate from cheese whey formed during the processing of milk into rennet cheese. The scheme works on a tubular ultrafiltration apparatus - it was accepted for development at ChS VERO LLC. In our proposed scheme, an electrodialysis unit is used, since this unit has more advantages than others. The advantage of the electrodialysis unit is the demineralization of technological solutions with a high dry matter content (concentrated whey, gelatin, sugar syrup, chicory syrup, glycerin) and tolerance. The productivity of the selected electrodialysis plant allows the concentrated volume to be brought to a demineralization level of 80% in about 1 hour. The work describes in detail the scheme of the concentration line for LLC "VEKSHA" and LLC "ChS" VERO "with obtaining dry whey concentrate, including a tube-type ultrafiltration apparatus. Also substantiated is the value determined by the ratio of the results of production and labor costs and funds for the production of cheese whey for LLC "ChS" VERO "and LLC" VEKSHA ". The expected economic effect from the introduction of the line will be 4200 thousand rubles. for LLC "VEKSHA" and 980 thousand rubles. for LLC "ChS" VERO "per year in prices of 2021.

The article shows the possibility of using the piezo quartz microweighting method and a portable device model based on highly sensitive piezoweights for express assessment of the concentration of actual resins in diesel fuel. A comparative characteristic of the methods for determining the actual resins in diesel fuel is given: the standard Budarov method is evaporation to a dry residue under a jet of water vapor to a constant mass, the fractional distillation method is heating to the evaporation temperature, cooling the gas fraction and measuring the volume of the non-distillable residue. The device of highly sensitive quartz piezoweights, the main patterns, characteristics during operation are considered. Samples of diesel fuel of the brand L-0,2-62 GOST 305-82 "Diesel fuel" were selected as objects of research. Technical specifications" of different manufacturers and filling dates provided in the fleet of the FVA RVSN im. Peter the Great (Serpukhov city). The results of a study of diesel fuel according to standard methods for determining the content of actual resins, cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity, acidity, water–soluble acids and alkalis, mechanical impurities and water content, fractional composition - distillation temperatures of 50 and 96% of fuel, flash point in a closed crucible, turbidity temperature and solidification temperature, test on a copper plate are presented. The characteristic of the operational properties of each sample is given. The method of piezo-quartz microweighting with a one-way load of the investigated diesel fuel breakdown of the resonator electrode, mass-sensitive (OAV-type), is applied. The correlation between the results obtained by piezo-quartz microweighting and the standard method was studied. The possibility of using the piezo-quartz microweighting method for the development of express out-of-laboratory determination of non-volatile residue in diesel fuel is positively evaluated.

The paper considers the possibility of using highly dispersed modified aluminosilicates in the process of extracting hydrogen sulfide from wastewater. The problem of the presence of hydrogen sulfide in natural waters is due to the impossibility of using such waters in human household activities. Water with a high content of hydrogen sulphide has low organoleptic properties, is not suitable for consumption and is highly corrosive. Produced water generated in the process of oil production must also be treated. In the presence of hydrogen sulphide in the produced water, further water injection into the reservoir is highly discouraged, as this can lead to "plugging" of oil-bearing channels. In this regard, the work proposes a method for extracting hydrogen sulfide from natural and waste waters. The work synthesized a new adsorption-coagulation material based on modified aluminosilicates (bentonite clays) using salts of multivalent metals. The possibility of creating a reagent with a different ratio of aluminosilicate matrix: modifier is considered. It was found that the efficiency of the reagent increases with an increase in the pH of the medium. The activity of the reagent in relation to hydrogen sulfide, clarification and removal of oil products was studied. The capacity of the reagents obtained as a result of the modification can reach 32 mg/g in terms of hydrogen sulfide. In the reagent, it is possible to vary the ratio of aluminosilicates and modifiers, which can facilitate the use of the most effective reagent, depending on the conditions. The reagent is capable of extracting not only hydrogen sulfide, but also oil products from the processed aqueous solutions. The reagent binds hydrogen sulfide into insoluble forms, after which the precipitate can be separated from the solution and disposed of.

Almost no attention is paid to molecular processes in the body in the human sciences, the efficiency of metabolism, temperature, fatigue and relaxation, stretching and rupture of tissue cells, their healing, symptoms of diseases, etc. are discussed. about a human. This is due to insufficient training of physicians, biologists, epidemiologists, and gerontologists in the field of physical chemistry of polymers, although they are interested in a biopolymer object - a person. The basis of his body is proteins (polypeptides) and polynucleotides, DNA, their genes and turns. The paper deals with changes in biopolymers during physical and mental stress, in disease and treatment. The main forms of proteins and polynucleotides, the effect of the pH of the medium, its changes with temperature, on their sterioisometry, macromolecular structure and properties are described. The initial basis for the presented physicochemical analysis was the processes occurring during loading of muscle tissues. The transformation of proteins, DNA and genes is based on the alkalization of biopolymers with acetylcholine, which is released during muscle contraction, followed by neutralization of its action with cholinesterase to stop movement. With regular physical (and mental) overloads, genetic transformations occur and a so-called "genetic" fatigue appears (the cell genome changes). The recovery of biopolymers is carried out by lactic acid, which is formed when muscles are loaded in excess and has a prolonged effect on macromolecules. The concept of molecular transformations of biopolymers has been applied to describe human diseases and treatment, including heart attack and COVID-19. The proposed spiritual, carbon dioxide restorative actions, combined with active mental work and increased stress, can increase immunity, reduce morbidity (infection with microbes, and in the case of SARS-CoV 2, prevent the appearance of ATE 2 "traitor proteins"), as well as delay old age.

Titanium is among the most demanded metals by high-tech industries. In Russia, imported raw materials are used for its production. At the same time, a new promising type of gold-ilmenite ores and placers associated with ultrabasite intrusions has been discovered in the south of the Far East. On the example of one of these objects, the Ariadne ore-placer node, the possibilities of creating the foundations of a technology for complex extraction of useful components from titanium-bearing placers using pyro-hydrometallurgy techniques are investigated. The objectives of this study were to improve the technological methods of titanium from ilmenite concentrate using ammonium sulfate. It was found that the reactions of the main components of the concentrate with (NH4)2SO4 begin when the temperature of thermal decomposition (NH4)2SO4 (3000C) is reached and proceed with the formation of a mixture of well-soluble in water double salts - ammonium sulfate and iron compositions (NH4)2Fe2 (SO4)3 and NH4Fe(SO4)2 and ammonium sulfate and titanyl composition (NH4)2TiO(SO4)2. It is shown that an increase in the interaction temperature above 3600C leads to the thermal decomposition of the formed double salts to sulfates and then oxides. The experience gained in deep processing of ilmenite mineral raw materials will help to more reasonably outline ways to develop Far Eastern complex deposits in compliance with the principles of rational nature management and environmental protection. Further research should be carried out in the direction of deepening the degree of processing of gold-titanium sands, which will reduce the cost of obtaining individual products and ensure higher production efficiency.

The operation of the primary oil refining unit significantly affects the technical and economic indicators of the oil refinery. One of the most common options for the technological scheme of the installation provides for partial topping of oil in column K-1 with its further fractionation in the main atmospheric and vacuum columns. The separation of the gasoline fraction in the K-1 column is possible using various evaporating agents - water vapor, the reflux of the main atmospheric column, kerosene or diesel fractions. The paper evaluates the possibility of using the C1 ? C4 gas fraction obtained from delayed coking and gas fractionation units as an evaporating agent on column K-1, as well as after separating the gas-liquid flow from the top of column K-1. The studies were carried out using the Honeywell UniSim Design modeling system. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of the components of the fractions, the Peng-Robinson method was chosen. The calculations were carried out when considering two different oils as raw materials, which have significantly different contents of gas and gasoline (end boiling point 180 ° C) fractions in them. In the crude oil-1, their potential amount is 0.204 of the total volume, and in the oil-2 stream - 0.065. The operation of a typical column for partial topping of oil is simulated, containing 22 trays (contact device efficiency 0.7), feedstock is fed to 13 (the main amount of 479 t / h) and 18 trays (10 t / h) with a temperature of 232 ? and a pressure of 517.1 kPa, the pressure of the top and the bottom of the column is 280 and 294.2 kPa, respectively. The active specifications, according to which the Honeywell UniSim Design environment ensures the convergence of the calculation processes, are reflux R = 0.1 and a fixed withdrawal of distillate (17% of the potential content in oil), which is 15300 kg / h for crude oil-1 and 5000 kg / h when using raw oil-2. The flow rate of evaporating agents supplied to the bottom of the apparatus was 6000 kg / h. When calculating columns with different evaporating agents, the achieved estimates of the content in the distillate of the gasoline fraction with the end-boiling point of 180 ° C were evaluated and compared. Calculations have shown the possibility of using the C1 ? C4 gas fraction as an evaporating agent, which, in terms of its thermophysical parameters, occupies an intermediate value between the use of water vapor on the one hand and the use of a gasoline or kerosene-gas oil fraction on the other.

The increasing relevance in the field of repair and restoration of machines and mechanisms is acquiring gas-thermal methods of applying functional coatings to the working surfaces of parts of machine assemblies. The purpose of gas-thermal coating methods is to provide and obtain special physical and mechanical properties of the surface of the part, as well as to restore worn-out components and mechanisms after their long-term and intensive operation. Plasma spraying of composite coatings is an effective method of gas-thermal treatment of the surface of a part. In this paper, a study was conducted on the optimal selection of material for plasma spraying of a part, taking into account its operational features and types of wear of working surfaces. In particular, the operating conditions of the screw of the conveying conveyor are analyzed. The technological features of the application of composite materials by plasma spraying technology are considered. The theoretical selection of a two-phase dispersed-filled composite for application to the working surfaces of the screw in order to restore and harden it has been carried out. Studies and analysis of one of the main indicators of the quality of the formed coating after plasma spraying – the magnitude of the resulting residual stresses (stretching and compression) have been carried out. Taking as a basis the kinematic modes and geometry features of the working surfaces of the screw, as well as the criteria for the formation of the thickness of the sprayed layer, the calculation equations for determining the residual stresses arising on the screw and cylindrical surfaces of the screw of the conveying conveyor are obtained. It is concluded that in order to achieve the required physical and mechanical properties of the coating, the volume fraction of the filler in the matrix of the PG-SR4 composite powder should be in the range of 20–25%. Therefore, it is possible to use in practice a particulate-filled composite of the NiСrВSiFе type with 20–25% reinforcing TiC filler particles in order to restore parts of machines and mechanisms.

Water-retaining capacity is an essential property for the chemical components of food products, as it refers to one of the characteristics that determine the commercial properties of products. At the same time, there are practically no data on the hydrophilicity of sweeteners in the literature; a specific criterion for assessing this property is not given. Hydrophilicity is typically defined as a techno-functional property, i.e. it is assessed for a certain food product as a whole, when replacing the classic sweetener with another, for example, cheaper. From the literature, the isopiestic method was used to assess the hydrophilicity of isomalt in comparison with sucrose. The article is devoted to choosing a parameter that can become a universal criterion for assessing the water-retaining capacity of sweeteners. The hydrophilicity of erythritol, cyclomate, glucose, sucrose, and sorbitol has been studied by isopiestic method. The gravimetrically determined area S under the isopiestic curve was used as an analytical signal to assess the hydrophilicity of sweeteners. The correlations of S with various criteria, such as the Davis and Griffin criterions, the simplified criterion for hydrophobicity, the integral Gibbs energy, and the solubility of substances in water, for assessing the hydrophilicity (hydrophobicity) of sweeteners are considered. A correlation of the area under the isopiestic curves S only with the integral Gibbs energy from all the considered criteria was shown. The data obtained allow us to recommend the integral Gibbs energy for assessing the hydrophilicity and, consequently, the water-retaining capacity of sweeteners.

The article deals with the problem of treatment and purification of domestic waste water. Today, many treatment facilities do not have a reagent treatment system and are limited only by mechanical and biological methods of water treatment. We have considered the possibility of using a new scheme for reagent treatment of domestic wastewater. The existing reagent treatment at treatment facilities does not always cope with the tasks of water treatment. It is not possible to achieve the required values for many indicators: COD, residual phosphate content, residual iron content, etc. The water under study was treated with traditional coagulants (iron chloride and aluminum sulfate) and new highly dispersed modified aluminosilicate adsorbents of the KS brand. Lime and alkali were used as alkalizing reagents. A feature of KS grade reagents is their high coagulation-adsorption activity in relation to the extracted components. This is due to the high activity of modifiers on the surface of the aluminosilicate matrix. In the course of the study, a coagulation-flocculation experiment was carried out. During the purification process, the water was examined for the residual content of various components: pH, phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, chlorides, and iron. Effective dosages have been established for each of the reagents used and the possibility of using reagents for the treatment of domestic wastewater to the required standards has been shown. Traditional reagents have shown insufficient efficiency in wastewater treatment. When using iron chloride and aluminum sulfate, it is not possible to reduce the phosphate content to the required values. For the KS reagent, the effective dose was 40 mg / dm3 with the combined use of lime at a dose of 30 mg/dm3

In recent decades, there has been a growing scientific interest in various kinds of technologies using electro-activated solutions with high reactivity and representing a powerful toolkit for intensification of production processes. However, theoretical knowledge about the regularities of change in fat properties during melting in an electrolyte is rather fragmentary, scarce and often contradictory. The work is devoted to the study of the main factors influencing the change in physical and chemical properties and yield of fat in the process of melting using catholyte, to substantiate the feasibility of its use and develop an industrial line for obtaining fat. The object of studies was ostrich fat obtained by traditional method – by melting in water and by experimental technology – in catholyte as well as technological regimes of fat extraction. According to the data obtained, the fat melted at pH of catholyte 11, temperature 100 and 75 °С was characterized by low values of acid number – 0,45 mg KOH/g and 0,40 mg KOH/g, respectively. The opposite trend was observed with a successive decrease in the alkalinity of the ECA medium and an increase in the melting temperature of the fat, which led to an increase in the content of secondary oxidation products in the experimental samples. It was found that due to the high reactivity of the EСA medium, the temperature and pH of the catholyte increased, the intermolecular interaction within the fat phase decreased, which increased the mobility of lipid molecules relative to each other. The lowest values of fat viscosity (0,42 and 0,4 kPa?s) were recorded when treating fatty raw materials in catholyte with pH 10.5 and 11 and temperature 100 °С. It is shown that increasing the pH of the catholyte contributes to minimizing the values of peroxide number of ostrich fat, in contrast to the heating temperature. It is established that processing of raw materials in catholyte at 75 °C resulted in the yield of fat 88,4–90,1%, which is almost 1,4 times higher than when melted in water. In the wet method of mellowing in water, denaturation of protein structures and a higher degree of fat extraction can be achieved at a mellowing temperature above 75 °C, in contrast to the proposed method of processing raw materials.

The development of the modern transport industry makes increased demands on the reliability and efficiency of road transport equipment, as well as tightening environmental standards. This applies not only to improving the elements of the internal combustion engine (ICE), transmission and suspension, but also to improving the properties of fuel and engine oil. For the mechanical activation of MWCNT and MoS2, the vortex layer apparatus ABC-150 was used - the mechanical action of which is carried out due to the movement of grinding bodies (cylindrical) in an alternating electromagnetic field, as well as the Pulverisette 5 planetary mill (spherical bodies). The studies carried out show that mechanical activation causes heating of dispersed MWCNTs and MoS2, which, when dispersing in a liquid flow, requires limiting this process precisely by the temperature parameter. At the same time, it should be noted the possibility of simultaneous mechanical activation and distribution of MCNT and MoS2 in fuel or engine oil, which ensures high processability of the process and reduces costs associated with the need to use additional equipment. Mechanical activation in a planetary mill is accompanied by a higher uniformity of the temperature field, but at the same time in ABC the process of mechanical activation is more intense and requires less time.The presented technology of mechanical activation can be used to increase the efficiency of distribution of MCNTs and MoS2, both in fuel and in engine oil. Temperature control can be carried out by varying both the mechanical activation time and the number and type of grinding bodies

The vector of industrial development at the present stage is associated with a further increase in energy needs, which is associated with the modernization of existing and the development of new energy-efficient generating equipment. A significant share in the energy balance is still occupied by power plants that use fuel combustion and have significant environmental costs. The results of a theoretical and experimental study of the mechanisms of trapping flue gas particles of power plants by perforated filter baffles in order to reduce the load of emissions on the atmosphere are presented. Formulas for calculating the trapping coefficient under the action of various particle trapping mechanisms are systematized and proposed. The dominant role of the inertial trapping mechanism (?Stk) at the beginning of the filtration process and the gearing effect (?R) in the subsequent stage is determined. The issues of formation of the sediment layer require taking into account the adhesive properties of materials (parameter T) and the introduction of an effective Stokes coefficient (Stkeff). A special role is noted for increasing the efficiency of deposition of flue gas particles under the action of an electrostatic field (?E). In the future, the obtained research results can be used in the development and design of combined gas cleaning devices using the combined action of filtration and the action of an electrostatic field.

A method for preparing functionalized styrene-butadiene copolymers on a new initiating system, which is a modifier consisting of a mixed sodium-calcium alkoxide of oxypropylated aniline dissolved in ?-methylstyrene and n-butyllithium has been developed. It was revealed that the lowered content of calcium ions makes it possible to obtain a modifier without colloidal fine-dispersed sludge, which negatively affects the operation of equipment in the industrial production of rubbers. The high initiation activity on lithium amides promoted a high conversion of monomers and a good stereoregulating ability of the 1.2-unit content of the butadiene part of the copolymer macromolecule, amounting to 66-68 wt%. The addition of a reactive compound to the end of the "living" polymer chain, stannous tetrachloride, improves the technological properties estimated by the Mooney viscosity, which increased by 5 units. It was shown on the example of prototypes of rubber mixtures, the polymer base of which was functionalized styrene-butadiene rubbers, that they are characterized by a sufficiently high rate of vulcanization, and in terms of technological, elastic and strength properties, the samples are identical with the foreign analogue NS-616, in terms of abrasion resistance they surpass the imported analogue by 20%, in resistance to crack growth by 36% was shown. The rubber mixture based on functionalized rubber was characterized by better adhesion on ice. The use of functionalized rubbers instead of serial rubber has little effect on tire rolling losses. A slight decrease in tan ? values at 0 °C for rubbers based on functionalized rubbers was noted, which can be compensated for by adjusting their microstructure and requires additional research.

The process of thermooxidation destruction of industrial butadiene-nitrile copolymers of the grades SKN-18, SKN-26 and substandard products is investigated. The process is carried out in aromatic solvents (toluene in the xylene) under the influence of air oxygen in the presence of an adduct of the radical initiator azodiisobutyronitrile with N-metilpirrolidone. The mass-average molecular weights of the resulting products were determined by gel permeation chromatography, and molecular weight distribution calculations were performed. The influence of the temperature and the content of the initiator on the change in the intrinsic viscosity of solutions of the resulting degradation products, depending on the time of the process, is considered. Based on a comparative analysis of the destruction parameters using toluene and xylene at 80 °C and an initiator concentration of 0.8% by weight. It was found that the type of solvent and the time of destruction practically do not affect the process of thermooxidative destruction with the production of low molecular weight polymers with a molecular weight of 40 ? 103. It is shown that in the course of the destruction of industrial rubbers differing in the content of acrylonitrile, the process proceeds with the formation of higher molecular weight compounds in rubbers with a higher content of acrylonitrile units. When carrying out the destruction of substandard rubber SKN-26SNT with high Defoe hardness, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the initiator to 1.1% of the mass. and temperature. The mechanism of thermooxidative destruction of the studied polymers is considered. According to the data of IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis, it was found that the products of thermooxidative destruction of nitrile butadiene rubbers contain oxygen-containing functional groups. Thus, a simple commercially method for producing low-molecular-weight butadiene-nitrile polymers based on special-purpose rubbers and substandard product with functional hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy groups has been developed.

The appearance of new insurance products is not always perceived unambiguously, especially if they are socially significant, but have defects that reduce their consumer value. Insurance of risks associated with infection with a new coronavirus infection had exactly this effect. The results of the study showed that there is both an acceptance of the social significance of this area of insurance protection and a complete denial of consumer utility. The supervisory authority recognizes the increased level of consumer risks associated with insurance in case of infection with coronavirus infection. Representatives of the market do not see going beyond the ethical framework when implementing it. The author comes to the conclusion that the situation in this segment should be perceived as an experience of working in non-standard conditions and as a practice of operational introduction of situational products to the market. The author believes that the social contribution is made exclusively from the positions of policyholders and beneficiaries who have received insurance coverage satisfying them, but not society as a whole. As a recommendation, it is proposed to publish the values of the consumer loyalty index calculated by the supervisory authority in relation to socially significant products in order to increase the transparency of the processes taking place in the market and better form their own portfolio of insurance protection.

The article provides a solution to the problem of studying the characteristics of resource efficiency for a given time interval in the form of solving an optimization problem (using dynamic programming methods and the method of recurrent Bellman equations. A multistep search for a solution was carried out for a given period of planning production activities. Boundary requirements were met in different ways due to the multivariate management decisions. The features of the optimization model were considered. The solution of the multistep problem is reduced to the sequential solution of several one-step optimization problems. The function of changes in resource efficiency in lean manufacturing technologies was set for the planning period. Changes in technologies for the capability involved demonstrate how resource efficiency changes with the observation time. It is noted thaqt the experience accumulation of experts and participants in the production process in the implementation of innovative approaches is of great importance for reducing all types of losses. It was revealed that one of the crucial parameters in a multi-criteria system is the preservation of efficient operation in the subsystem associated with intelligent decision support. The optimal amounts of costs have been determined. Their assessment was carried out to allow for the fact that when solving optimization problems, it is necessary to take into account such criteria for which the values take extrema. Assuming a successful solution of the optimization problem posed and analyzing the results obtained when dividing the multistep decision into three one-step ones, we received S-shaped functions with a function value equal to 6.8%

Sustainable development is a concept aimed at striking a balance between social, economic and environmental aspects and is one of the most important challenges and priorities in the modern socio-economic system. The balance between economic goals and needs (industrial growth, efficient use of resources) and environmental goals and needs (biodiversity, natural resources, ecosystem integrity) is driven by productive factors. Thus, industrial growth may conflict with the protection of natural resources, and as a result lead to incompatibility of needs. The article considers an industrial enterprise as a system that includes various business processes providing production activities and are included in the economic turnover and resources required for production purposes. Increasing resource efficiency and participation in green projects are important opportunities for economic development. The importance of promoting a significant increase in the share of industry in employment and gross domestic product in line with national objectives to modernize infrastructure and modernize industries to make them sustainable, with increased use of resources, efficient and wider adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies in industrial processes has been identified. Increased technological capacity of industries, motivation of innovation and a significant increase in the number of personnel engaged in research and development through public and private financing has been identified as an important factor in sustainable development. Since the modern economic conditions for the running of industrial enterprises are manifested in the emergence of technological and managerial innovations in the structure of resource potential in terms of development of innovative digital technologies, the concept of developing the resource potential of an industrial enterprise is proposed, including tools for self-optimizing economic actors and self-adapting business processes to the integration of digital technologies.

The economic security of the individual is an important structural component of the economic security of the region and the state as a whole. In this regard, the issues related to the assessment of the level of economic security of the individual are brought up to date. The article outlines the methodology for calculating the integral indicator of personal economic security. Based on the key human needs, six blocks of indicators have been singled out: food security, housing security, demographic potential and health care, financial security of the individual, the level of labour stability, education and spiritual enlightenment. Within each block quantitative criteria are selected to assess personal economic security in the given sphere. When calculating the integral indicator of personal economic security, it is recommended to take into account the significance of the selected blocks. The significance of the blocks may differ by region and is determined using expert methods. The proposed approach was tested in the assessment of personal economic security in the Voronezh region. The source data for the calculation was official statistical information for the Voronezh region. Defining the outline of personal economic security allows us to highlight problem areas that require special attention when ensuring the region's economic security. The calculations carried out allow us to conclude that the area that requires special attention when ensuring economic security of the Voronezh region is "demographic potential and health care". The calculated integral index of personal economic security of the population of Voronezh region allows us to state that the level of personal economic security in the region is higher than the average for the subjects of the Russian Federation and is at a favorable level. Thus, the proposed methodology for assessing the level of economic security of individuals, allows the regions to see the potential threats in the selected blocks of personal economic security and to provide for measures to neutralise them.

The article discusses the features a distance learning system (LMS) organization of an educational institution, reflects modern approaches to the implementation of management decisions in educational organizations. Among the main advantages of using the LMS are free access to the training course, the adaptability and flexibility of the educational trajectory, the relevance of training, minimization of costs, simplified access to training materials for people with disabilities, synchronous and asynchronous educational process, depending on the current needs of the educational institution. The relevance of the information tools used and the reduction of various kinds of costs (labor resources, time costs) during their implementation are emphasized. Particular attention is paid to issues of a financial nature, including the rationale for choosing a platform for the implementation of LMS based on commercial, free access or a system developed by its own resources. It is noted that the use of the SCORM, Tin Can and similar formats in the development of their own LMS may fade into the background if an educational institution has its own standards for electronic documents of open formats, such as XML. The need to build a quality control system for the implementation of the educational process in the development of your own LMS is shown. The distinguishing features are the possibility of generating multi-level reports and the formation of learning statistics, as well as the possibility of analytics, depending on the changing needs of an educational institution for monitoring and managing the educational process in a remote mode. It is noted that individually developed LMS, in contrast to open and commercial ones, have the ability to add their modules for the analysis of statistics. The article provides data on the effectiveness of using this tool for all target groups (faculty, students, administrative staff, legal representatives of students) and their impact on the overall organization of the management process in the system of higher and secondary vocational education.

The phenomenon of social responsibility is gradually penetrating the insurance business. He himself is also deeply socially significant. At the same time, the practices of participation of insurers in events and programs for the whole society, and not only for recipients of insurance services, are of particular interest. As a result of the study, a databank was formed that characterizes the participation of Russian insurance companies in socially oriented projects. It gives an idea of the scale of the supported initiatives, their focus and forms of implementation. The main forms of social interaction of insurance organizations at the municipal, regional and national levels were established. It has been proved that most of them can be considered as a full-fledged instrument of the social protection system of the population. The emphasis was made on the possibility of attracting their clients by insurance companies to participate in charity events. Such experience is a good example of social contribution, not only ensuring the implementation of social function and client participation, but also increasing the level of social responsibility of those who are initially considered exclusively in the role of recipients of insurance services. It was concluded that there is a relative diversity of initiatives supported by insurers, but at the same time, the involvement of representatives of the insurance community in social projects is extremely low. The main social tasks are presented, in the solution of which the resources of insurance organizations are currently involved.)

The article considers the conceptual and practical approaches to the implementation of the direction of the national educational policy in terms of the implementation of the tools of the electronic educational environment. Shown high efficiency in the implementation of the information system in the organization of the educational process. The characteristics of the implemented EIOS are given on the example of the Voronezh Institute of High Technologies. It is noted that the introduction of the "Elinos" system made it possible to reduce the costs of implementing the educational process using e-learning and distance technologies in online and mixed modes, to transfer almost all students and pedagogical workers to the use of a cloud solution without using additional software The article also describes in detail technical means of implementation and the external interface of the developed system. The functional of managing educational content, building educational trajectories, conducting various forms of testing is described. Comparative values of cost reduction in the implementation of commercial, free and specially developed software electronic environments are given. Demonstrated EIOS tools, allowing to reduce the complexity of mastering by students, as well as by the teaching staff. As a feature of the system, it is noted the presence of cloud storage located on the servers of the university and supporting the placement of all educational materials and students' files. It is noted that it is possible to connect a two-factor authorization mechanism based on students' mobile devices. The practical efficiency of the applied solutions is shown.

The human capital of an enterprise is the main resource of every organization, the quality and efficiency of which largely depend on the results of the company's activities and its competitiveness. Labor resources set in motion the material elements of production, create a product, value and surplus product in the form of profit. By investing in staff and creating comfortable conditions for the professional growth of employees, a business entity can count on a greater profit than investing only in solving production tasks. Which is consistent with the objectives of the Regional Staffing Standard and ensures interdepartmental cooperation in the regions on staffing issues of the regional economy, improving the efficiency of these processes, developing human resources for the long term, attracting and retaining human resources, training and retraining of highly qualified personnel in accordance with the international standards and market requirements, allows you to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of regional personnel policy, systematize modern management practices, mechanisms and tools for staffing. At the same time, it is necessary to have a clear and objective situational picture of the causes of the current conjuncture in the staffing sector. What causes the need to analyze the prerequisites for the directions of development, the motives for the increase in the turnover of human resources, etc. The article analyzes the main reasons for the dismissal of employees of industrial enterprises of the North-Western District, highlights the opportunities provided by the enterprise for the development of human resources.

Theoretical and practical work is basic to achieving economic security. At the same time, the field of economic security has no clear boundaries, which requires the clarification on it. For present purposes, it is critical to take the specificities, the subject and object of the economic security. Two main methods of research consist of retrospective and theoretical analysis. In order to understand the problem and clarify the field of economic security, we analyzed: the socio-economic context of sourcing and maintaining the scientific and practical interesty; States’ positions and institutional transformation; research findings. As a result, analysis of socio-economic context has led to a pointing at two major areas: 1) economic security of the country, and 2) economic national security. Based on the analysis of documents fixing the "status" of economic security in the Russian Federation, it is concluded that economic security is considered in relation to national security in Russia. A wide range of problems in the field of economic security has been identified: economic security is studied at the micro, meso and macro levels (depending on the facility level); economic security of an organization, municipality, region, industries, state (depending on the management entities); economic provision for national security, national economic security, economic security of the country (depending on target-settings). Two ways of understanding the economic security are revealed based on the analysis of the foreign authors’ research results: economic security in the socio-economic context (1) and national economic security (2). The approach is argued, according to which the field of economic security should be considered as a position of preserving the economic stability and a position of preserving the targets-settings established by the management entities.

Trends caused by digital transformations in the economy have led to the formation of new forms of interaction between industrial enterprises, industries and complexes. Digital ecosystems are becoming a tool for ensuring sustainable economic development, requiring the development of conceptual foundations and methodological provisions for sustainable development in the context of the application of the ecosystem approach within the framework of spatial interaction of economic entities. The increasing role of digital assets and methods of their use within digital ecosystems is becoming an integral part of the formation of resource potential that ensures sustainable development with ecosystem interaction of participants, which indicates the development of competition not between individual companies, which is inherent in the traditional economy, but between the ecosystems being formed. Thanks to ecosystem interaction, participating companies focus more on external interaction, innovative priorities in management technologies, the creation of a rapidly adaptable value chain, the accumulation of knowledge and the build-up of digital assets. Territorial boundaries become conditional, competitive relations within the ecosystem become partner-oriented, aimed at increasing the return on network effects obtained through the interaction of digital platform participants. Ecosystems as more flexible structures have the property of rapid response to changes in the external environment and the ability to adjust to target requirements and tasks, rapid market coverage, technology adaptation and the creation of new business models. The structural changes taking place as a result of the digital transformation of the economy in various sectors of the economy show an increasing interest in the development of digital manufacturing enterprises and the transition to high-tech production. Digital transformation of activity is inextricably linked with ensuring sustainability of development, and such components of the ecosystem as flexibility and adaptability, as well as complementarity of assets, allow optimizing the sustainability of the socio-economic system.

In the context of large-scale digitalization of the economy, the convergence of domestic economy’s digitalization processes and innovative development is of especial importance and makes it necessary and expedient to improve the methods for assessing the innovative digital activity of domestic enterprises. Within the framework of this study, we offered the method for the rapid estimation of the domestic enterprises’ innovative digital activity, based on the use of a generalizing indicator - the integral coefficient of enterprises’ innovative digital activity, which is recommended to be found in several stages. At the first stage of the mentioned method, it is necessary to determine the list of indicators characterizing the level of enterprises’ innovative digital activity. At the second stage, they need to calculate the ratio of the indicators of each of the enterprises to the corresponding parameter of the leading enterprise. At the third stage, the integral coefficients for each enterprise should be calculated. Based on these integral coefficients you can make a top list of enterprises according to the level of their innovative digital activity. Depending on the values’ intervals of the obtained integral coefficients, it is possible to determine the levels of innovative digital activity of enterprises in various sectors of the economy: very high, high, medium, satisfactory and low. This method’s testing was carried out on the example of enterprises that are part of various sectors of the Russian economy - industry, services sector and construction - on the basis of the available official statistical data for years 2017-2019. The presented method can be used at the initial stage of assessing the innovative digital activity of enterprises. It allows to get rather accurate results possessing a large bulk of initial data, taking into account the features of digital transformation and the distinctive activities of the enterprises under study. The method is of general-purpose, so it can be used for analyzing innovative digital activity of economic systems of various levels (enterprises, industries, regions).

The current stage of higher education development is featured by a complex and dynamic environment, new threats associated with the coronavirus pandemic. These challenges dictate the need for universities to maintain firm competitive positions. Taking into account the peculiarities of the higher education and the subjective assessment of a number of factors, it is necessary to adapt the models of assessing the competitiveness of educational organizations to the specifics of the market. The purpose of the article is to modernize and test Porter's model of Five Competitive Forces for the education market system. The object of the study is the educational services market of the Sverdlovsk region. The most significant attention in the proposed model is paid to identifying and describing the features and structure of the five forces of competition. The authors propose to consider the power of internal and external consumers of university educational services as the power of customers, and the threat of online education and the creation of corporate universities of large companies as a threat from substitutes. The main attention of the authors is paid to an empirical study of the competitiveness of brands of universities in the Sverdlovsk region using the results of a survey of 177 graduates of the 11th grade of Yekaterinburg, conducted in 2020. The analysis of the applicants' motivation showed that the most important motives in choosing a university are the possibility of free education and the qualification of the teaching staff, further material benefits, such as fair wages and favorable employment. The most popular sources of information for applicants are the official website of the high school, as well as relatives, friends and acquaintances. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop a marketing strategy to increase the competitive position, awareness and the level of public confidence of the university. The authors suggest universities to personalize relationships with students in order to increase loyalty to the university, use information technology to implement flexible programs of interaction with consumers of educational services.

The work noted the relevance of the development of the military-industrial complex of Russia. An analysis of sales volumes of a number of the largest enterprises of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation was carried out, as a result of which two leading organizations were identified. The value of the sales indicator for one analyzed enterprise was evaluated, indicating the reasons for the high results in three enterprises. Based on the analysis of data on the number, conclusions were made about the priority of large enterprises in the structure of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation and about the rather serious attention paid by the state to the development of the military economy in modern conditions. When considering the territorial location of the analyzed enterprises, the employment of employees of large organizations of the MIC industries in various regions of Russia is clearly shown, which serves as one of the main factors in the development of the regional economy throughout the country. It was noted the place of the largest enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the ranking of the 100 largest military-industrial companies in the world, based on income from sales of military products by world manufacturers in 2020. The build-up of the country's military power directly depends on the potential of military-industrial complex enterprises and the directions of their development. In the ranking of the analytical company GlobalFirepower for 2020, Russia was ahead of China, but lost to the United States. There are different opinions about the objectivity of this and similar ratings. However, it is impossible not to pay attention to the values of those factors in the GlobalFirepower rating, which indicate insufficient attention to them from the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation at the present time.

The article deals with issues related to the mechanization of methods existing in Russian practice that allow assessing the level of influence on favorable conditions for the development of small innovative enterprises based on military institutions, and a new comprehensive indicator, which, when creating this database, is a general index of innovation. Based on two factors illustrating only opportunities for development and favorable conditions, and the true results of this activity, methods are proposed for predicting the importance of each element in terms of its impact on the level of innovative development, and, based on this, innovators are usually offered approaches to assigning weight modules to factors used in various methods of calculating the indicator. In the conditions of the current financial crisis, the reason for the success of small enterprises is the impact of their new development system and getting more opportunities for their functioning, to ensure a high level of planning of production processes in small companies. The author examines the Pleiades Correlation Graphs, which is formed based on the method of compiling a list of conditions that affect the development of small enterprises for small businesses based on military companies, to see how small enterprises are in transition. Thus, a methodology for the influence of favorable conditions on the development of small innovative enterprises based on military institutions is proposed, the choice of factors and the principle of assigning weight coefficients for them are substantiated, and a variant of the development of this methodology is shown. Further research is needed to obtain a more complete picture of the relationship between enabling environments and the development of small innovative enterprises based in military institutions.

On the basis of official statistical data on the structure and existing risks of the formation of Russia's foreign trade turnover in comparison with other developed countries, the objective need for import substitution has been substantiated, the acceleration of which and an increase in the role in ensuring the country's economic growth depends not only on the effectiveness of measures taken by the state and the business community, but and from a clear quantitative assessment of its performance. A comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of import substitution was carried out on the basis of a wide range of statistically reliable single indicators reflecting the impact of import substitution on the state and dynamics of development of the most important sectors of the national economy – its domestic production, exports, imports, and the socio-economic sphere. In order to model and calculate a complex indicator of the effectiveness of import substitution on the basis of the formed system of single indicators, the method of principal components was used, implemented in the Statistica application software package and which made it possible to compress the generated array of multidimensional information to a limited number of more informative features (the main component for each block of indicators) up to the final a comprehensive indicator of the effectiveness of import substitution. The indicators that have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of import substitution in each block of indicators have been identified. Based on the regression analysis, a high positive correlation was found between the integrated indicator of the effectiveness of import substitution and economic growth. Using the method of multicriteria optimization, the parameters of import substitution have been determined, which, in real economic conditions, at the prevailing rates and scales of GDP, enhance the positive impact of import substitution on economic growth.