Amidomineral granulated beet pulp is a product that can be used as a compound feed for feeding cattle, and as a feed additive in the production of compound feeds. Amidomineral granulated beet pulp, compared with fresh and dry pulp, is richer and saturated with various additives that will positively affect the appetite and weight gain of animals. Amidomineral beet pulp, in order to improve transportation and storage, makes sense in granulation. Thus, mathematical methods of experiment planning are used to study the interaction of various factors affecting the process of granulation of amidomineral beet pulp. A mathematical description of this process can be obtained empirically. At the same time, his mathematical model has the form of a regression equation found by statistical methods based on experiments. As a result of statistical processing of experimental data, regression equations were obtained that adequately describe the process of granulation of amidomineral beet pulp in the B6-DVG granulator. As a result of the conducted research, the modernization of this equipment is proposed.

Automation of any production is impossible without the appropriate software for automation systems. Automatic control systems are used for various parameters of technological processes. Temperature is one of the main technological parameters in dairy production. Therefore, its control and regulation in various parts of technological lines is an important task for the automation of dairy production. For this, an information scheme of the technological control object was created with the designation of the controlled technological parameters. The following parameters were established as a result of the analysis of the normal operation of the technological control object: cold water temperature, transmission coefficient of this channel; the temperature of the source milk, the transmission coefficient of this channel; ambient air temperature, transmission coefficient of a given channel; cold water pressure, transmission coefficient of this channel; raw milk consumption, transmission coefficient of this channel. Calculation of a single-loop system for automatic control of milk temperature at the outlet of the cooling section was made using the IPC-CAD program. As a result of processing the obtained data, it was found that the transient processes "aperiodic" and "with moderate attenuation" have a sufficient margin of stability, since the degree of attenuation is greater than 0,75. Dynamic errors in the modes of tuning and checking for roughness of these processes differ by 0,02, that is, the differences are insignificant. The margin of stability of the "aperiodic" process is higher, and the dynamic error does not significantly exceed the other options, so this type of transient process was chosen for further application. Thus, the use of an automatic control system based on the developed software is expedient and effective, as it will reduce rejects and improve the quality of products due to timely quality control of the main technological parameter - the temperature of raw milk. From this it follows that the use of this single-circuit automatic control system is appropriate in the dairy industry.

The results of the formation of emulsions of a biologically active additive - wheat germ oil in a defatted fermented milk medium fermented by a consortium of probiotic microorganisms B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum. The dispersion medium contained at least 109 CFU in 1 g, the pH was 3.65-4.75, the titratable acidity was 120-130oT. The possibility of obtaining stable emulsions with a concentration of wheat germ oil up to 50% is shown. An increase in the capacity and stability of emulsions was established in 1.1-5.9, 1.3-10.6, 1.5-4.0, 1.7-4.7, 1.3-9.7, 1.2 -5.1 when introduced into the dispersion medium 0.5-3.5% of egg white, xanthan gum, egg powder, lecithin, guar gum, skimmed milk powder, respectively. The effect of the speed of rotation of the working body of the emulsifier in the range of 1000-3000 rpm on the emulsifying ability of the dispersion medium and the sedimentation stability of emulsions has been established. An approximating dependence of the emulsifying ability on the concentration of the emulsifier was obtained, taking into account the linear, quadratic and cubic influence of the factor. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for the process of obtaining biologically highly active probiotic emulsions based on wheat germ oil for the alimentary correction of metabolic processes in the human body. High emulsifying ability and sedimentation stability are ensured by the additional introduction of emulsifying substances into the fermented dispersion medium. The resulting emulsions had high organoleptic properties, have a more pronounced biocorrective effect on a number of important body functions, due to the combination of MZP with lacto- and bifidobacteria.

The world does not stand still. We are daily confronted with the achievements of modern science: we are able to communicate with a person from another continent via the Internet, we easily bypass any distance thanks to different modes of transport. And yet there are things that cannot be automated, improved, accelerated yet. A person still needs to sleep, have some physical activity during the day and, of course, eat. The whole day of a person can easily obey the rhythm: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and, of course, snacks, afternoon tea, brunch, late dinner. And it's getting harder and harder to give up food, as store shelves are bursting with goods that are ready to lie there for years until we buy them. This is because most of the foods we consume contain various dietary supplements in their composition. The main purpose of which is to make them tastier, stored longer, etc. Undoubtedly, the nutrition of all population groups can be affected by food additives, but in this article we will consider young people: 2nd and 3rd year students. Of course, studying, writing course projects, a large number of practical and other classes deprive you of the opportunity, or rather the strength and desire, to eat right. Therefore, this age group is of particular interest. To what extent are students aware of the presence of food additives in their food? How many of the survey respondents monitor their diet? And in general: are dietary supplements as harmful as they say in the media? In this article, we will analyze the survey data of students, as well as understand what dietary supplements are and how they affect the body.

Cattle Sarcocystis spp. are protozoa.  They often parasitise tissues of Cattle. Few of these species are zoonoses. Therefore, they are foodborne parasites associated with consumption of raw or insufficiently thermally treated sarcocystic beef meat. Swallowing oocysts from environmental objects primarily contaminated water, garden crops, grazing on contamited pasture, etc. can cause Cattle sarcocystosis. Sarcocystis spp specific to Cattle include S.hominis, S.heydorni, S.cruzi, S.hirsuta, S.rommeli &S.bovifelis. Among them, S.hominis and S.heydorni are zoonotic and pathogenic agents. Human Intestinal/ Muscular Sarcocystosis is a disease that caused by eating raw or poorly cooked Cattle meat infected by Sarcocystis zoonoses (S.hominis&S.heydorni). Intestinal Sarcocystosis was reported almost from all corners of the world. This has been well documented but no powerful Preventive and control methods available to public yet. With the world growing population, researchers should provide or suggest practical solution to supply safe food to the consumers. During our research work we tried to compare the effectiveness of all available documented Cattle sarcocystis spp. Testing methods to recommend the best one to the public for screening health from infected Cattle before slaughter in the slaughter house. Though culture and society play a fundamental role in foodborne control, we also came up with additional control safety measures recommendations all along the beef meat supply chain. 

Currently, considerable attention is drawn to oats for its high content of dietary fiber, phytochemicals and nutritional value. The consumption of oats is believed to have various health benefits such as cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer properties. Recently, oats have also been considered suitable in the diet of celiac patients. Due to their high nutritional value, oat-based food products such as bread, biscuits, probiotic drinks, breakfast cereals, flakes and baby food are gaining more and more popularity. Research and development of oats and oat products can be useful in the fight against various diseases known to mankind. The aim of the work is to obtain functional products with improved properties through the use of oat bran and whole oat flakes. This research focused on the development of oat-based food products with oat bran and whole oatmeal. For this purpose, breakfasts have been developed by replacing wheat flour with various levels of oat bran (30%; 50%; 80%) while oatmeal has been included at various levels (10%; 15%; 20%) in the recipe. The approximate composition of raw materials and products from oats (moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrates) was analyzed in the work. The enrichment of oat bran and oatmeal increased the fiber and mineral content of both developed products. The addition of oat products did not affect the organoleptic characteristics of the product.

According to a new report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), there is a problem of a shortage of protein-rich foods in the world due to the influence of COVID-19 and other factors. Lack of protein in the body leads to disturbances in the processes in which protein is involved and a decrease in immunity. Since the main protein deficiency is associated with a drop in the rate of manufacturing of products containing animal protein, it is relevant to use modern technologies to create alternatives in the form of plant protein sources. To solve this problem, we have developed a product obtained from cedar oilcake by grinding and then processing it with ethyl alcohol in a microwave installation under vacuum for 5-10 minutes. The article presents results of the study of the chemical composition and substantiates the biological value of the protein-vitamins product. Research of the chemical composition of the developed product showed a high content of essential substances, protein 47%. The analysis of the amino acid composition established the presence of 18 amino acids, nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids were found in an amount of 43%. The indicators of the biological value of the protein of the developed product indicate the completeness and balance of the amino acid composition. This proves the high biological value of the protein contained in the protein-vitamin product. The mineral composition of the developed product is capable of meeting the daily requirement for minerals necessary for the human body by 50%. In the product identified water-soluble vitamins group B and vitamin C. The obtained data indicate the possibility of using a protein-vitamin product as an independent product for the prevention of protein-energy malnutrition, and as a functional additive in food production, to increase their nutritional value.

When processing sugar beets, the final waste is formed - molasses containing sucrose and other compounds. Under the conditions of traditional technology, further extraction of sucrose from molasses is difficult. The technology of deep processing of molasses using chromatographic separation (desugarization) has been developed and implemented, which allows additional extraction of sucrose. The resulting extract requires further processing at sugar factories. This article is devoted to the choice of a method for processing the extract under the conditions of sugar production. Various options for processing the extract are considered: after the completion of the processing of sugar beet and during the joint processing of beet and extract. You can send molasses to a desugarization station once, work with a partial return of molasses, or carry out continuous processing of molasses obtained in the crystallization department of a sugar refinery by desugarization. Each processing option has its own advantages and disadvantages. The performed numerical analysis shows that processing the extract with a second pass stage will lead to the maximum total sugar recovery. The second most efficient is endless recycling. An improvement over endless recycling in the molasses recycling process is achieved by optimizing the separator settings due to the consistent quality of the processed feed. Endless processing leads to the accumulation of non-sugars, which destabilizes the quality of the molasses and makes it difficult to set up the separator.

Recently, commercial hemp seeds, Cannabis sativa L., have attracted considerable interest in nutritional and industrial research due to their high nutritional value and good digestibility. Hemp seeds are becoming a new source of vegetable protein and the necessary components for maintaining health due to the rich content of protein compounds, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids. The effect of processing on the protein complex of low THC hemp seeds was studied in the current study. Standard methods of analysis (determination of protein, fat, moisture) and special methods (determination of the ratio of protein fractions of hemp seeds and products of their processing) were applied in the work. The objects of study were hemp seeds (Surskaya variety) and products of their de-oiling by mechanical and chemical methods. The globulin fraction predominance in the original hemp seeds (69.44%) and in the product obtained by hemp seeds de-oiling with hexane (fine fraction of meal, 80.94%) was revealed. Glutelin fraction (38.98%) prevailed in hemp seed flour obtained by cold pressing. After the hemp seeds processing (pressing, extraction), the ratio of protein fractions (albumin, globulin and glutelin) in the resulting products changed: meal (1:3.2:3.2), fine fraction (0.1:4.7:1) and flour (1.1:1:1.4), in comparison with the initial raw material (1:2.5:0.1). A significant increase in the glutelin fraction: from 2.78 to 43.10 and 38.98%, by mechanical and chemical methods, respectively, and a decrease in the amount of water- and salt-soluble fractions were observed with all processing methods. Researches of the study of the ratio of oilseeds protein fractions are of practical importance for improving healthy foods quality.

Dietary fiber plays a significant role in the functioning of the human gastrointestinal tract. Their presence in the diet allows you to prevent a number of serious diseases associated with both the digestive organs and the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In order to increase the share of dietary fiber in the population's nutrition structure, it is advisable to create functional products based on traditionally consumed foods enriched with various types of dietary fiber. Such traditional products for the Russian consumer are dairy and lactic acid products, bakery products, meat and fish products, poultry. The article presents the results of an experiment on the introduction of several types of dietary fibers (wheat, oat, potato and psillum plantain fibers) into chopped semi-finished meat products During the study, several recipes of cutlets were developed, according to which culinary products were prepared, which were then analyzed according to organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters. The results of the study showed that the products made using psillum fibers have the highest organoleptic qualities. Cutlets with potato fibers also showed satisfactory results of organoleptic and chemical-physical studies. Both types of cutlets were characterized by a pronounced meat taste and smell, a pleasant consistency, there were no extraneous tastes and inclusions in them. Products with other types of fibers cannot be recommended as functional products due to low consumer qualities (grainy texture, pronounced foreign tastes). The development of semi-finished meat products enriched with dietary fibers without loss of consumer properties will allow expanding the market of functional products in the future.

Today poultry farming in the economy of our country is one of the leading branches of agricultural production due to the fact that it is able to provide a considerable part of the population with high-quality products. That is why the development of new breeds of birds is an important aspect. In this publication, chickens of the Chinese silk breed are considered. A scheme was proposed for the cultivation of Chinese silk breed chickens and broilers for the subsequent comparative characteristics of the breeds. The cultivation and slaughter of birds were carried out on the territory of the farm of the Krasnodar Territory. A comparative assessment of the characteristics of Chinese silk and broiler chickens was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Livestock Products, the Research Institute of Biotechnology and Certification of Food Products of the KubGAU named after I.T. Trubilin. As a result of cutting the carcasses of the Chinese silk breed (n=5), the following data were obtained: carcass - 2.13 kg, liver - 0.05 kg, heart - 0.04 kg, neck - 0.17 kg, stomach - 0.095 kg, legs - 0.145 kg, head - 0.145 kg, wings - 0.26 kg. During the comparative analysis of chickens of different breeds, positive and negative qualities of Chinese silk chicken were revealed. According to the results of the comparative characteris-tics, the advantages of the Chinese silk bird breed can be considered: exotic appearance, unpretentiousness in maintenance, the use of meat and eggs, resistance to cold, good incubation and survival of offspring. However, there are minor drawbacks: low productivity, high cost of purchasing poultry and eggs. Thus, the database on the comparative evaluation of chicken meat of the Chinese silk breed was replenished.

A resource-saving technology for processing apples, including the main production of finished dried products in the form of dried apples, apple chips, apple semi-finished products and additional production based on secondary raw materials recovery from the main production, were proposed in the work. The possibility of using of secondary raw materials from the apples industrial processing to obtain natural products that allows to make the main manufacture of dried apple products as efficient as possible was studied by the authors. The main directions of apples and secondary apple raw materials processing were considered in the work. The technological scheme of the line for apples and their wastes processing based on dehydration and moisture-thermal processing of components, taking into account the specifics of the production of dried fruits, chips and their semi-finished products, was proposed in the course of this study. The main production line for the manufacture of dried apples, apple chips and apple semi-finished products was designed. The resource-saving technological scheme of the dried apple and apple chips production line includes a washing machine, an inspection conveyor, a calibrator, a machine for seeds removing and a device for cutting fruits into chips, a sulfitator, a combined continuous toroidal apparatus for wet-heat treatment, divided into sections for raw materials heating, convective drying , preliminary hydrothermal treatment between sections of microwave drying and dried product cooling and a filling and packaging machine. Taking into account the type of raw materials, a set of equipment from a drum machine with a washing unit and a multifunctional plant with raw materials crushing and seeds separation was provided in the line. The recirculation circuit, the feedstock heating, the steam and condensate used after drying in a closed circuit were used to create an energy-saving technology for the finished product manufacturing. The line consists of modular blocks and is reconfigured depending on the type of dried apples or apple chips obtained based on the developed resource-saving scheme and combined convective microwave drying of raw materials.

Medicinal and flavoring herbs are widely used in herbal medicine. Various methods are used to study plants, evaluate the efficiency of extraction of biologically active target components. The process control is carried out by chromatographic, spectral methods. The search for new fast, affordable, simple methods of analysis is currently relevant. The dry droplet weighing method of the extract was proposed as an alternative to the known methods. The analysis of flavoring herb parsley extracts by four methods (spectrophotometry, refractometry, thin layer chromatography and direct dry drop weighing) was carried out. The objects of study were fresh protected ground parsley and the Indana brand dried parsley. Fresh parsley was dried and the change in the chemical composition of water-alcohol extracts was monitored for 16 days. Compounds in the extracts were identified by differential spectra. It was found out that the amount of substances extracted from the flavoring herb was greater than in the dry sample after 12 days of drying. The composition of the mobile phase for thin layer fast chromatography was selected. The best separation of chlorophylls from related substances occurs at a volume ratio of toluene and ethyl alcohol of 5:5 and 6:4. The sensitivity of the refractometry method does not allow determining the difference in the composition of fresh parsley extracts. Using the method of direct piezoquartz microweighing, it was proved that with an increase in the drying time of parsley, the number of compounds in a dry drop of the extract increases. The most sensitive method i.e. piezoquartz microweighing, the MCNano-WPQ-8 device can be used in non-laboratory conditions for express monitoring of plant materials drying in small manufactures. it is simpler, cheaper, more compact and more sensitive than other devices. The device and approach were tested on various types of phyto raw materials.

The purpose of scientific research is aimed at using secondary resources of canning production – a spent osmotic agent from the osmosis of berries, fruits into gelled products. In public catering enterprises and confectionery enterprises, jelly is used for finishing culinary and confectionery products in an uncured or frozen form. Frozen jelly is used for the preparation of sweet dishes, decoration, decoration of cakes and pastries, uncured to cover the surface of culinary and confectionery products, fruits, berries, which significantly increases the organoleptic evaluation and shelf life. When studying scientific papers, it was revealed that the research is mainly aimed at introducing various jelly-forming agents, enriching with biologically active substances, using non-traditional raw materials to expand the assortment, increase, and improve the quality and nutritional value of various jelly products produced. As a result, a technological scheme, a recipe for obtaining jelly based on the complete replacement of the main ingredient of granulated sugar with a spent osmotic agent (sucrose solution) has been developed and improved. Organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological indicators of jelly quality have been studied. According to the organoleptic quality indicators, the jelly under study has a characteristic, pronounced taste and smell, a rich bright red color, a strong gelated consistency without flaking of the liquid. According to physico-chemical parameters, jelly contains 50.02% of solids, mono – and disaccharides 50.09%, penetration number 20.2, jelly strength 24507.04 Pa, pH 3.2, mass fraction of titrated acids 1.67%, tannins and coloring substances 0.69%, ascorbic acid 8.24mg%, calcium 14.45 mg, potassium 34.32 mg, iron 0.23 mg, water activity index 0.648, microbiological indicators were not detected, energy value 200 kcal /837 kJ.

Flour confectionery semi-finished products, which are delicious and have a high nutritional value, are always popular with people of all ages. Cake is one of the favorites and most common flour confectionery products for consumers all over the world. Wheat flour is one of the main ingredients used for the preparation of biscuit semi-finished products, along with sugar, egg, preservatives, flavorings, etc. Partial or complete replacement of wheat flour is always desirable to make the product more nutritious. Replacing wheat flour with other different flour improves the functional and nutritional properties of Brownie semi-finished products. The technological parameters and the recipe for the production of semi-finished Brownie products related to low-calorie products have been developed. Wheat flour was replaced with rice, corn and flaxseed flour, the ratios of which were derived as a result of experimental studies of the recipe. Butter was replaced with soft cottage cheese, which reduced the caloric content of the product. Yogurt has been replaced with a fruit supplement (in the form of frozen apple pomace) to increase nutritional value. Instead of sugar, the sweetener "Prebiosweet" is used, which includes the sweetener erythritol, lactulose, sweetener stevia extract. In contrast to the classical production technology in the developed one: the number of technological operations is reduced; the operation of whipping the egg mixture is excluded. Mixing of ingredients was carried out in two stages: at the first stage, all dry components were mixed; at the second stage, all liquid components were mixed. Then the liquid and dry mixtures were mixed to a homogeneous consistency. The duration of mixing was reduced to 2-3 minutes. and it was carried out at low speeds of the kneading machine. The Brownie semi-finished product was baked at a temperature of 175 ℃ for 60 minutes. The addition of rice, corn and flax flour will expand the diet of people who monitor their health, apple squeezes.

Lactic acid is used in various industries: chemical, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agriculture and polymer production. 40% of the domestic market demand for lactic acid is met through imports, while the main methods for producing lactic acid are microbiological or synthetic. The most rational is microbiological synthesis, however, when it is implemented, valuable sugar-containing substrates (crystalline sucrose, molasses, sugar syrup) are used, which significantly affects the cost of the final product. There was an obvious need to search for new technologies for the production of lactic acid. Prospective and cost-effective is the processing of whey into lactic acid using bacterial fermentation of the lactose contained in the whey. The aim of the study is to screen cultures of microorganisms capable of fermenting lactose contained in milk whey and to select the composition of the medium that provides the maximum yield of lactic acid. Strains of lactic acid bacteria were used in the experiment: Leuconostocmesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 122 (B1699), Lactobacillus brevis B78 (B5728), Lactobacillus plantarum K9 (B5466), Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726), Lactobacillus acidophilus (B9012), Lactobacillus paracasei BT 24/88 (B6253), Lactobacillus paracasei 139 (B2430), obtained from the Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute" -Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms). The authors determined the optimal composition of the medium for the biosynthesis of lactic acid by selecting the concentrations of yeast autolysate and salt solution that provide the maximum yield of lactic acid. The authors also selected the optimal duration of lactic acid biosynthesis. The study of the acid-forming ability of strains of lactic acid bacteria showed that of the strains studied, Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726) showed the greatest ability to ferment lactose by synthesizing lactic acid, which correlates with the data on assimilation of lactose by the culture. The optimal cultivation time (132 h) and the concentration of yeast lysate (5%) in a nutrient medium based on curd whey were selected. With optimal parameters, the maximum concentration of lactic acid in the culture liquid of Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726) was 54.77 g / L, which is comparable with the currently used producers in the industrial production of lactic acid.

The research made it possible to develop a technology for the production of soft beverages using natural vegetable raw materials. To prepare a non-alcoholic natural drink of direct brewing, the following vegetable raw materials were selected: chamomile, orange, lemongrass, valerian, cinnamon, ginger, rose, karkade, rosehip, honeybush. As a result of the study of the composition of the ingredients, it was found that this raw material is rich in vitamins, macro- and microelements, organic acids, tannins, dietary fibers, flavonols and other functional substances. At the same time, they contain a small amount of calories. Due to the presence of benzoic acid in the composition of rosehip fruits, sorbic acid in the composition of orange, the drink will be stabilized, since they are natural preservatives. Also, orange peel, karkade give the drink a taste and a pleasant aroma. Thus, the considered raw materials are a favorable object to create a soft drink based on them. Beverages based on these natural herbal ingredients will be in demand among people who take care of their health. During the experiment, three experimental blends were made for two beverages, with different contents of chamomile, orange, lemongrass, valerian, cinnamon, ginger and rose, karkade, rosehip, honeybush, lemongrass. According to the organoleptic parameters, one option was selected for each drink. The organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the finished product - a natural soft drink of direct brewing - have been studied. Based on the conducted research, a technological scheme for obtaining a soft drink based on the direct brewing method was modeled. Technological documentation for beverages has been developed.

Two methods of adding carrot and beet powders to the sourdough of round cracknel products have been studied, such as adding the dry powders and adding the pre-hydrated ones. The water-retaining properties of carrot and beet powders and the change in the lifting force of yeast when applying non-hydrated and hydrated powders before fermentation were investigated. For the experiment, we used Vitbiokor LLC carrot and beet powders. The average integral particle size in carrot powder was 85-95 microns, in beet powder —95-105 microns. We also used the flour of the highest grade Predportovaya(produced by Saint Petersburg Mill Plant, JSC) and the pressed baking yeast produced by Food Combine, JSC. The particle size of the powders was determined by a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser diffraction analyzer. The water-holding capacity of the powders was determined by a hydromodule of 1:10 by centrifugation with the rotational speed 6000rpm-1,for 20 minutes (the carrot powder samples) and for 15 minutes (the beet powder samples). The lifting force of the yeast has been determined with the help of the "pop-up ball" method. The powders were hydrated at a hydromodule of 1:5, at a temperature of 30°C for 60 minutes. The results show that carrot powders aged for 40 minutes and beet powders (33%) aged for 40 minutes have the maximum water retention capacity (43%). It was found that the quantity of carrot and beet powders added does not correlate with the lifting force of the yeast in the sourdough samples. It is higher in the samples with the hydrated powders added, rather than in the ones with the non-hydrated powders. Moreover, this difference was more pronounced in the beet powder samples. The study shows the importance of carrot and beet powders hydration before adding them to the sourdough. It’s also significant to conduct the experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of carrot and beet powders hydration before adding them to the round cracknel products sourdough

In the сurrent conditions the cheese industry development is determining by perspective trends: medical and social – expansion the products range with dietary properties and reduced a calorie content, technological – mastering а new moulding methods for the production of complex and combined cheese products, economic – reduction of a milk consumption rates due to involvement secondary raw materials, ecological – minimizing the carbon footprint of cheese factories by reducing whey’s discharges. The patented method for producing the combined soft cheese product offers a set of resource-saving technological solutions for introducing into the cheese head an agarised jelly "filling" based on return salty whey with the spicy plant components addition. The original mold design forms a through hole in the center of the cheese head and provides the cheese part to the "filling" in а ratio as 4 : 1. The proposed method of the using salty sub-raw whey in soft cheese’s production is justified from the point of view the adequacy level its macro- and micronutrient composition to physiological requirements in food nutrients and energy. The new cheese product with a jelly "filling" contains 14.5% protein and 15.3% fat, that makes up for 17% of the requirements for adult. The product has a reduced calorie content to 208 kcal with a significant 28% energy contribution by the protein component, that gives it dietary properties. The cheese product’s provision by essential amino acids reaches 90% of the requirement in phenylalanine and tyrosine, 87% in lysine, 74% in isoleucine and leucine. The fatty acid profile is characterized by favorable a relative content values of linolenic and oleic acids. Low-molecular volatile fatty acids form the taste and aroma of cheese product without ripening. Its vitamin composition has functional availability for vitamins A - 40%, K - 31%, group B and PP - 15-20% of the requirement. The technological solutions for making of the cheese product with the "filling" maintain a functionality its nutrient profile, contribute to saving up to 20% of milk and increase the environmental friendliness of production.

Antibiotics are widely used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in medicine and veterinary medicine, as well as growth stimulants in animal husbandry. The presence of residual traces of antibiotics in animal products, and further in food products derived from it, poses a danger to both humans and the environment as a whole. The irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture stimulates the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can cause infectious diseases in humans and animals that cannot be treated with modern medicines. Due to the potential risk to human health in many countries, the maximum permissible limits for the content of residual traces of antibiotics are regulated. Therefore, the development of new highly sensitive, accurate, simple and cost-effective methods for their determination remains an urgent task. This review is aimed at analyzing recent work in the field of identification of residual traces of antibiotics in food products.

In the livestock industry, the use of probiotic additives is promising, contributing to the normalization of the microbiocenosis of the animal organism, as well as their resistance to pathogenic microflora, which ultimately affects the increase in meat productivity. The effect of the probiotic supplement "Vetosporin Zh" on the morphological composition of the carcass, the chemical composition and biological value of rabbit meat, as well as the morphofunctional characteristics of the stomach and liver of rabbits was investigated. To study the effect of the probiotic preparation "Vetosporin Zh", 30 rabbits aged 45 days were selected. Rabbits of the control group received only the basic diet - compound feed PZK-92, rabbits of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups were additionally injected with a probiotic drug at a dosage of 0.5 cm3 and 1.0 cm3 per kg of live weight, respectively. To assess the quality of meat at the age of 120 days, a control slaughter was carried out in the amount of 3 heads from each group. The morphological composition data showed that the rabbits of the experimental groups were superior to the rabbits of the control group in terms of muscle tissue mass. The study of the histological characteristics of the stomach and liver of rabbits allows us to positively assess the effect of the probiotic preparation on the growth and development of the animal's body. The analysis of the chemical, amino acid and fatty acid composition of muscle tissue showed that the use of the probiotic preparation "Vetosporin Zh" at a dosage of 100 mg per 1 kg of live weight improves the balance of amino acid and chemical composition, which is confirmed by the assessment of physico-chemical and organoleptic parameters of meat raw materials

The current concern in the cosmetic industry is preparing of cosmetics products from aggressive preservatives-free natural, environmentally friendly ingredients, which would protect skin from external disturbance. The purpose of our work is to develop a biotechnological method for obtaining a cosmetic mask based on fermented curd whey in the presence of therapeutic mud. We used standard methods for determining microbiological and physicochemical parameters. The optimal concentration of therapeutic mud for fermentation was determined by quantitative estimation method of cells in the HMS nutrient medium after fermentation in pasteurized curd whey with the addition of different amounts of therapeutic mud. The result of the study is development of a cosmetic mask based on fermented whey mixture adding 10% of therapeutic mud of nutrient medium volume. The addition of therapeutic mud in an amount of 10% of nutrient medium volume contributed to increase of biomass of propionic acid bacteria up to 82×10⁸ units and to the regulation of the pH of medium. Control of the finished mixture for microbiological, physical-chemical, organoleptic indicators showed the absence of pathogenic microflora and the content of propionic acid bacteria 1·10⁸ units. The results of the study allow to characterize the ready mix as a product that combines biologically active substances, microelements, therapeutic mud hormones and metabolites of propionic acid bacteria, which can form the basis for the preparation of any cosmetics. The paper also proposes a method for preparing a cosmetic mask from fermented curd whey with propionic acid bacteria in the presence of therapeutic mud and a recipe for their manufacture with the addition of bentonite clay to stabilize the system. Prototypes of the obtained mask show skin elasticity and complexion improvement and smoothing of fine wrinkles.  

The development and implementation of new technologies for enriching the finished product with trace elements is important and relevant. Deviations in the elemental state of the body are found in the vast majority of the adult population of Russia, significantly differing in nature and degree of severity in representatives of different regions and persons divided by profession and occupation. At the same time, it is recognized that in Russia, on average, about two-thirds of adults and three-quarters of children are classified as at risk for hypomicroelementosis, on the other hand, about one-third of the population is more or less susceptible to hypermicroelementosis. The most common deficiency of trace elements such as iron, zincum, copper, chromium, iodine, selenium, cobalt, silicium. The main problem of detecting microelementosis is that the deficiency of essential elements does not have a pronounced clinical picture. To correct the finished formulations of products, it is necessary to take into account the indicators of the level of absorption and the rate of release of these elements, as well as ways of their disposal in the body. One of the most effective ways to introduce essential and conditionally essential elements into formulations is the immobilization of colloidal solutions with a high content of these elements on a polymeric materialor protein carrier, followed by introduction into the composition of the prepared product. The efficiency of using elements such as silver, gold, zinc, cobalt and selenium as a colloidal phase is described. Antagonistic and synergistic interactions of essential elements, their effect on the body, taking into account the indicators of absorption and the rate of their excretion, are described.

Currently, import substitution, the presence of domestic quality products on the market, including alcoholic beverages, is an urgent direction in the food industry The technical grape variety "Isabella" is one of the most widespread in the Central Black Earth Region (CBER). The purpose of the work is to popularize the culture of wine consumption and saturate the food market of the CBER with high-quality wine materials and finished products. Objects of research were: five samples of the technical grape variety "Isabella" grown in different territories of the Voronezh, Belgorod, Lipetsk regions of the CBER: five samples of wine prepared from the above raw materials by the «red» method. When collecting grape raw materials, they were guided by the conditions of sugar content and acidity. The processing of grapes, the production of wine materials and finished wine was carried out according to the technological scheme for red table wine. As a result, the possibility of using the technical grape variety "Isabella" grown in the CBER is shown. The conditions of all five samples of grapes corresponded to the standards adopted in the wine production. According to the basic physico-chemical parameters, the obtained wine samples corresponded to the standards adopted for ordinary red semi-sweet wines. The evaluation of wine samples according to the indicator "Quantitative determination of trans-resveratrol" revealed a sample containing trans-resveratrol - a sample of wine № 4 obtained from grapes of the variety "Isabella" growing in the Lipetsk region, the city of Gryazi, Gryazinsky district. The content of trans-resveratrol in it was 0.143 mg/dm3. Resveratrol, having antioxidant activity, is of the greatest interest among biomolecules with nutraceutical properties in red wine. The separation and identification of trans-resveratrol was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a detector on a diode matrix (DAD-3000 model, Thermo Scientific). The calibration curve was constructed using a standard sample at increasing concentrations. Further development of research are: to develop the technology of terroir wine, which differs from other wines produced in other geographical latitudes with appearance, taste, aroma, which will be formed due to the influence of external factors.

It is known that scientific and technological progress in the field of creating various functional foods does not stand still and modern products are characterized by the development of various modifications based on them, which allow obtaining nutrients with high energy, biological value, as well as with desired properties. The use of malted barley extract can solve many problems that arise during the heat treatment of raw materials, as a result of the inevitable decrease in its nutritional and biological value. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of micronutrient-rich barley malt extract (malt extract) on the processes of intensifying the production of bread kvass. Obtaining malt extract, analysis of kvass samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods in accordance with the requirements of the standard. The above studies fully explain the relevance and practical significance of the presented studies based on the study of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the finished product. The result of this area of ​​research is the approbation of the replacement of kvass wort 30%; 20% and 10% of the amount of barley malt extract, which allows to intensify the fermentation processes and saturate the product with biologically important micronutrients, and also gives kvass tonic properties, increasing the biological status of the human body. An increase in the concentration of malt extract causes undesirable changes in the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of laboratory kvass wort. Reducing the concentration does not affect the biochemistry of raw materials and the use of lower concentrations is not advisable. The results obtained allow us to say that the inclusion of malted barley extract in the composition of the test samples makes it possible to intensify the vital processes of the yeast Sacharomices cerevisiae used in the experiment, which results in a slight increase in the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol, titratable acidity and a decrease in pH in the finished product compared to control. The high content of nutrients, enzymes, vitamins in the composition of SE affects the course of fermentation, intensifying this process, which reduces the fermentation time and increases the profitability of the production of the fermentation product .

The article provides an analysis of modern scientific and technical information covering the use of tomato fruits and products of their processing in various sectors of the food industry. It is noted that the use of natural products of tomato processing, containing a large amount of essential substances useful for the human body, including antioxidants (lycopene, β-carotene), vitamins, minerals, will expand the range of products of the "health" group, functional and specialized, to satisfy consumer demand for products that have a preventive effect in the fight against many diseases and create waste-free tomato processing technologies. At the moment, there is a need to develop new competitive technologies using tomatoes, which is of scientific and applied importance for the food industry, primarily for the baking, confectionery and fat-and-oil industries.

The article presents data on the effect of additives of pre-processed powder from plant raw materials on the structure of yeast dough. Inthe activityof malt from rye, wheat, barley of the "Elf" variety, soybeans, peas and triticale, depending on different concentrations of the substrate. Two important characteristics are obtained – the Michaelis constant and the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of substratea. Studies of the amylolytic activity of tritical malt on wheat flour have shown that the sugar-forming ability of flour increases with the addition of dry tritical malt. When carrying out a reaction using not distilled, but tap water, the activity of amylase increases even more, which is not unexpected in accordance with the experiments conducted. The greatest significance of the processes occurring during the kneading of the test: physico-mechanical, colloidal and biochemical can be explained by the swelling of water-insoluble proteins, which form a three-dimensional spongy-mesh structure in the dough. This determines the extensibility and elasticity of the dough. Starch grains of flour adsorption binds a large amount of water. A significant amount of water is also absorbed by rye flour penthozans. The highest value of acidity was characterized by samples with rye malt, introduced in a dosage of 1–3% by weight of flour. The introduction of malt preparation was also reflected in the structural and mechanical properties of the crumb. Elastic deformations with an increase in the dosage of malt are reduced, in contrast to plastic deformations. For use in baking, according to a comprehensive assessment, barley malt is recommended at a dosage of 3% to the mass of flour.

The possibility of using unsaturated phthalates obtained by the esterification of phthalic anhydride with distillation residues of butyl alcohols as a basis for the synthesis of a bromine-containing plasticizer-fire retardant was evaluated. prene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate. Instability of the content of unsaturated esters of phthalic acid in the test object was noted with the most probable range of fluctuations in iodine number, ranging from 24.4 to 44.4. A direct dependence of the indicated variation limits on the content of 2-ethylhexene-3-ol-1 in the distillation residue of butanol in the amount of 9.0-17.5% and 2-ethylhexen-2-ol in the amount of 35-43% was established. The ratio of unsaturated esters of 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene-3-phthalate and 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene-2-phthalate in an unsaturated plasticizer is 1: 2 ÷ 5. It has been shown that with a shortage in production of a brominated plasticizer with a low bromine content, its required amount can be obtained by diluting a brominated plasticizer with a high bromine content. Dioctyl phthalate and the investigated unsaturated plasticizer were proposed as diluents. It is noted that with incomplete bromination of an unsaturated base, unsaturated esters do not adversely affect the quality of the compositions, make the bromine-containing system more reactive, which leads to additional crosslinking of polymer molecules and an increase in the strength of the composition. It is shown that the modification of an unsaturated plasticizer by bromination will make it possible to obtain a triple effect of inhibition of the combustion process due to the elimination of hydrogen bromide from brominated ethers, an increase in the duration of its elimination and the ability of unsaturated ethers to react with active radicals released during thermal decomposition and combustion of polymer compositions.

The number of cars used worldwide is constantly growing. In this regard, the problem of combating atmospheric pollutants - exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is of particular relevance. Over the years, automakers have made many improvements to car engine design and fuel systems to meet pollution limits. One of the best solutions to this problem is the use of a so-called catalytic converter (converter) or simply a catalyst with a high content of noble metals, the main function of which is the simultaneous oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons and CO, as well as the reduction of nitrogen oxides. It was found that the addition of rare earth metals to Pd, Pt catalysts improves their properties and reduces the proportion of noble metals in the composition of catalysts. The paper presents the results of a study of complexation in the Eu³⁺-ligand system, where the ligand is an organic acid, by photocolorimetric and potentiometric methods. In the Eu³⁺-gallic acid system, a stable complex of the composition MeLn_x – 1:2 is formed. In the Eu³⁺- oxalic acid system, a stable complex of the composition MeLn_x – 1:1 is formed. In the Eu³⁺-valine system, a stable complex of the composition MeLn_x – 1:2 is formed. A new technique for obtaining complex compounds is shown, consisting in adding hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ to a solution containing solutions of Eu³⁺ salt and organic acid in an aqueous-alcoholic medium to block the reduction of Eu³⁺→Eu²⁺.  A technology for obtaining a automotive catalyst has been developed, consisting of successive stages: obtaining complex compounds, applying the obtained complex compounds to ceramic block matrices, drying, applying platinum (palladium) acid, calcination. The presence of the Eu³⁺ ion in the ceramic matrix is proved by the method of elemental analysis. The technology can be applied to solve the problem of environmental pollution, such pollutants as exhaust gases of cars containing a lot of harmful substances in their composition.

In Russia, as well as all over the world, one of the most acute problems is the protection of natural water resources from sewage contamination of food, especially dairy processing enterprises. However, despite the fact that restrictions, fines and suspension of their activities have been established at the legislative level for exceeding the established standards for the discharge of pollutants into reservoirs, they continue to cause more and more significant harm to the environment. The main objective reason for this phenomenon should be attributed to the lack of an effective technology for cleaning complex in composition, with changing even during the day physico-chemical properties of effluents of milk processing enterprises. The purpose of the study was to develop the concept of deep processing of secondary dairy raw materials for subsequent use in industrial production. The paper presents an analysis of the basic structure of the modern technology of wastewater treatment of dairy processing enterprises at factory treatment facilities and suggests the basic principles of processing secondary dairy raw materials. The analysis of the presented data shows that modern methods of wastewater treatment used in most dairy plants do not meet the standards. Following the proposed principles will ensure favorable conditions for the release of lactose from secondary dairy raw materials at subsequent stages of its deep processing. One or another combination of these processes primarily depends on the cost of technologies and the equipment necessary for their implementation, the volume of raw materials, the required depth of its processing, as well as the market price of finished products.

This research has been performed in the Ethylene Oxide production process. It is a flammable and colorless gas at temperatures above 11 °C. It is an important commodity chemical for the production of solvents, antifreeze, textiles, detergents, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and pharmaceuticals. Small amounts of Ethylene Oxide [EO] are used in manufacturing fumigants and sterilants for spices and cosmetics, as well as hospital sterilization for surgical equipment. Modern Ethylene oxide [EO] productions employ either air or oxygen (O₂)to oxidize ethylene (C₂H₄) with  a silver catalyst on an alumina oxide carrier[Ag/Al₂O₃]catalyst packed in a fixed-bed reactor (plug-flow reactor)but the oxygen-base reaction process is more desirable   here we used oxygen. Mainly two reactions occur, partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide and total oxidation of ethylene to carbon dioxide and water. The design models of the process in this research based on a three-part system. They are: the reaction system, absorption system and Ethylene Oxide [EO] purification system. The largest cost in production of ethylene oxide is ethylene therefore, it’s important to optimize the selectivity towards ethylene oxide and thus reduce the consumption of Ethylene. The aim of this work is to create a simulation model of the Ethylene Oxide production process from Ethylene using Aspen Hysys V9. Also to knowing the optimum operational conditions (temperature –pressure –flow rate) for the oxidation reactions of Ethylene. The simulation was running three times with various operational conditions to   make a good result. The conclusion was that during operational time the activation energy increased for both reactions which have to be compensated with increasing reactor temperature. At the same time the selectivity for producing Ethylene Oxide decreases, i.e. more carbon dioxide and water are formed. The simulation models yield Ethylene Oxide with purity of 99.2%.

The main characteristics of a complex system of unsaturated plasticizer-bromine using the main "working components" - isomers of 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene phthalate are considered. It is taken into account that the phthalate-type ester plasticizer is a polar compound with a dipole moment at the level of dioctyl phthalate included in its composition. It has been shown that in the process of bromination, molecular bromine enters into physical interaction with all components of the plasticizer. Dosed introduction of bromine into the system at high stirring speeds leads to the formation of a homogeneous thermodynamically stable system, since the solubility parameters of the components are practically the same. Using a model mixture of bromine-dioctyl phthalate-dibutyl phthalate, it was shown that mixing bromine with plasticizers in any investigated ratios does not lead to the appearance of the boundary “bromine in a plasticizer” or “plasticizer in bromine”. This established the unlimited solubility of bromine in the plasticizer under the conditions of its bromination. Using the method of UV spectroscopy on model mixtures of acetic acid-bromine-water; acetic acid-bromine-hexane, it was proved that in a real system, unsaturated plasticizer-bromine, bromination is most likely carried out only with molecular bromine without the formation of bromine dimers. The mechanism of bromination of unsaturated phthalates included in the plasticizer is shown. A system of kinetic equations in dimensionless variables is proposed. It was found that the nature of the theoretical curves significantly depends on the rate of introduction of bromine with a constant reaction mechanism. A change in the limiting stages of the bromination process was noted depending on the rate of bromine introduction into the system.

The study of the types and properties of surgical threads, as well as the experience in the production of suture surgical material and its use shows that the most promising for surgical practice are threads with antimicrobial properties. Of the methods for fixing medicinal compounds with chemical bonds for suture materials, the most expedient is their attachment by the reaction of ion-exchange interaction. Since polycaproamide (PCA) practically does not contain functional groups, a preliminary modification stage is required to impart ion-exchange properties to PCA fibrous materials. One of these stages of modification is the process of graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) in order to create active groups on the fiber, for example, peroxide or hydroperoxide. Modification of chemical fibers by graft copolymerization with inogenic monomers is one of the widespread methods of obtaining fibrous ion exchangers. Principles, new approaches and technologies for imparting ion-exchange properties to fibrous polycaproamide materials by chemically initiated graft copolymerization have been developed. Regularities in the production of fibrous PCA of sorption active materials by chemical initiation by a redox system (Fe2++H2O2) located in a modifying bath, as well as by pre-oxidation of fiber PCA in order to create peroxide and hydroperoxide groups on the fiber, are revealed.

Abstract: An urgent ecological and technological problem is the purification of natural and waste water from nickel cations and control of their content, since nickel cations belong to the third class and are hazardous to human health. To date, a large number of methods for removing nickel (II) cations from water have been created, the main of which can be considered sorption. In turn, the literature contains a variety of information about the most effective sorbents for cleaning from nickel cations, which sometimes contradict each other. The work determined the equilibrium characteristics of the sorption of nickel (II) cations on various polar sorbents on cation exchangers porous carboxyl Tokem 200, chelated iminodicarboxylic Amberlite IRC 748, gel sulfonic cation exchanger KU-2, experimental phosphoric acid gel KFP; strongly basic gel anion exchanger AV-17, as well as natural adsorbents flint and shungite. Sorption isotherms were obtained and described by the Langmuir equation, and the most promising materials for removing nickel cations from aqueous media were established. It has been determined that the studied sorbents, according to their equilibrium sorption characteristics, can be arranged in the following order: Tokem 200> KFP> Amberlite IRC 748> AV-17> KU-2> Flint> Shungite. The most effective sorbents for removing nickel (II) cations from aqueous solutions can be considered a prototype of a phosphate cation exchanger for gel CFP and a carboxyl porous cation exchanger Tokem 200. separating nickel cations from an aqueous solution.

The article deals with the actual problem of environmental friendliness of packaging materials used in the food industry. The aim of the work was to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of biodegradable and synthetic polymers, with the aim of updating the replacement of synthetic packaging materials with more environmentally friendly materials. The article discusses the main characteristics of innovative biodegradable materials based on polylactides (PLA). A comparative analysis of the strength and sorption properties of both biodegradable and synthetic polymeric materials is presented. A comparative analysis of the materials under study was carried out according to the following parameters: water absorption, puncture resistance, deformation-strength and thermophysical characteristics. The paper also presents the results of a study of the water-absorbing capacity of the analyzed polymeric materials. The results of tests are presented, which make it possible to establish the temperature-time parameters of the processing of polylactide by the melt method. The data obtained by the DSC method on the establishment of relaxation and phase transitions that occur in the polymer during thermolysis are analyzed. During the experiment, experimental studies of the chemical properties of biodegradable materials based on polylactides (PLA), made in China were carried out. The main advantages and disadvantages of synthetic and natural polymeric materials are considered. In addition, the paper analyzes the environmental aspects of the practical application of the studied polymeric materials. Conclusions are formulated about the possibility and safety of using the presented materials in various branches of the food industry. Based on the results of the experiment, it was found that synthetic polymer materials slightly exceed biopolymer materials in terms of the investigated physical and mechanical parameters, however, given the environmental friendliness and the possibility of complete utilization in natural conditions, this fact does not reduce the relevance of using biopolymers in the food industry. In addition, the analysis of data on the chemical composition of the studied biopolymers based on polylactides (PLA) showed that the decrease in the strength parameters of the presented samples can be neutralized by introducing modifying strengthening and hydrophobizing additives.

The work is devoted to the filling of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) compositions modified with ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene) in a wide concentration range, intended for the production of profiles and moldings of various functional purposes, with short-fiber basalt fiber. Powdered samples were made by extrusion (in the form of flat profiles) and by thermoplasticizing on rolls (in the form of films). Introduction of 10-40 phr ABS in PVC formulation makes it easier to recycle the composition. Similar situation is observed when these compositions are filled with basalt fiber, which leads to insignificant decrease of MFR (melt flow index) and thermal stability, which in general does not reflect negatively on melt flow conditions, at the same time extrudate swelling index decreases by 10-15%, which indicates possibility to provide products with more precise geometric dimensions. The change in the supramolecular structure was evaluated by thermomechanical tests and by energy dispersive analysis using electron microscopy data. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the presence of large doses of ABS has a positive effect on the technological properties, leading to an earlier development of highly elastic deformations and a decrease in the yield point of the compositions. Basalt fiber contributes to an insignificant decrease in the value of high elastic deformations and an increase in the density index of meshing knots. Energy dispersion analysis has shown that introduction of basalt fiber leads to formation of homogeneous structure of PVC at lower concentrations of ABS in the composition, influencing on increase of melt flowability and thermal stability. Improved technological properties of PVC compositions filled with short-fiber basalt fiber, modified with different concentrations of ABS, allow to recommend them for production of a wide range of profile and molded products.

Currently, there are high requirements for finished rubber products, in particular, for products that are operated in the Far North. The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal conditions for the production of nitrile butadiene rubbers, which provide an increase in the frost resistance of materials based on them while maintaining a high level of physical, mechanical and operational properties. The paper presents polymerization recipes and synthesis conditions. It was found that the fractional addition of acrylic acid nitrile and molecular weight regulator provide optimal conditions for obtaining synthetic rubber with the desired characteristics. The results of testing prototypes for chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties comply with the technical specifications for rubbers of the SKN-SNT brand. Rubbers and vulcanizates SKN 20SNT are the most promising for the creation of frost-oil-resistant products. Physical and mechanical tests have shown that the vulcanizate of the SKN 15SNT sample obtained under optimal synthesis conditions has a tensile strength of 22.7 MPa, an elongation at break of 485%, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.84. It was also found that the vulcanizate of the SKN 20SNT sample, obtained under optimal synthesis conditions, has a tensile strength of 24.0 MPa, an elongation at break of 478%, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.61. An increase in the oil and petrol resistance of frost-resistant rubbers and SKN 15SNT vulcanizates can be realized by controlled crosslinking of rubber polymer chains at the polymerization stage. The continuation of this work will be extended tests of prototypes SKN 15SNT and SKN 20SNT in order to determine such indicators as glass transition temperature, average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of polydispersity, gel content, compositional uniformity, etc.

The main task of financial management in groups of companies is to coordinate financial flows and improve the efficiency of their management. The search and substantiation of economically feasible solutions to these problems is hampered by the presence of many different types of consolidated associations that do not allow a single approach to financial management to be applied. Therefore, the processes of modeling financial flows of groups of companies based on modern principles of financial management are gaining relevance. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for managing the financial flows of a group of companies, taking into account the specifics of its activities within the framework of the formation of an effective financial management system. A systematic approach, theoretical and practical research of specialists in financial management, methods of economic and mathematical modeling are used. The paper substantiates the need to form a single financial center in groups of companies that performs treasury, clearing and credit functions, identifies the features of the implementation of financial functions by a single financial center within the type of a group of companies. Models for managing financial flows of a group of companies are proposed, which are an algorithm for maximizing individual positive synergistic effects of a group of companies that are predicted to be obtained as a result of performing functions assigned to a single financial center. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the presented models for managing financial flows in the activities of Russian groups of companies and integration associations, which contributes to the formation of an effective financial management system. It is concluded that building a model for managing the financial flows of a group of companies involves defining the target function of the activities of the companies that are part of the group, and setting a system of restrictions in which the participants have to work; development of an algorithm for the optimal distribution of financial resources between participants, carrying out mutual settlements and implementing intragroup lending.

The term "circular economy" appeared relatively recently in Russia. Interest to the circular economy and the number of publications is growing. The concept of circular economy is very closely related to the green economy, bioeconomics, and low-carbon economy, which are based on moving away from fossil fuels and the development of new technologies. However, in Russia, most often circular economy means recycling system. The principles of circular economy are aimed at the economic, social, and environmental well-being of people. Experts identify factors that promote and hinder the development of circular economy in Russia. Issues of sustainable development, circular economy and energy transition are actively discussed by representatives of government, business and science at international and all-Russian forums. The principles of circular economy will allow achieving several Sustainable Development Goals. The circular economy is one of the key factors in achieving carbon-free energy goals. In St. Petersburg, profile committees, centers and associations are actively working in this direction. Consortia of international projects of most programs are formed from partners based on a triple helix approach- representatives of government, business and universities. The international projects of cross–border cooperation programmes "South-East Finland - Russia", "Estonia - Russia" and the INTERREG Baltic Sea region are considered. Pilot sites are being implemented within the framework of many international projects, with the possibility of further replication of successful experience. The legislative base of Russia and St. Petersburg in the field of circular economy is considered in detail.

Over the past ten years, the creation of "smart cities" has become a priority area for the development of the digital economy in the world, in our country this direction is just beginning to develop both in legal and regulatory documents, and in economic, social aspects. The achievement of reference points for the spatial development of the economy is due to the implementation of the Smart City project. In our country, the Smart City project is aimed at creating an effective urban management system, creating security and comfortable living conditions for citizens and increasing the competitiveness of Russian cities. The implementation of the national project "Housing and Urban Environment" and the national program "Digital Economy" is being implemented as part of the national project "Smart City", which was developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia and started in 2018. The implementation of the "Smart City" project is gradually being implemented in various regions of the Russian Federation using digital technologies in urban infrastructure development. The implementation of this project involves taking into account the economic potential of the region, financial resources, human capital (level of education and age of the population), innovation potential, which is determined by the availability and quality of the relevant business infrastructure, scientific, technical and educational base. When implementing each project, risks are not excluded: social, economic, political, technological, which must be taken into account when implementing the Smart City project. The work considered the problems of introducing a national project in the regions, as well as during the analysis highlighted the risks in creating "smart cities." The main directions of trends in the development of "smart cities" are considered: social, economic, technological. The IQ index of the largest "smart cities" for the period 2019-2020 was analyzed. Dynamics of growth of "intellectual" index of digitalization of Russian cities revealed.

Modern scientific research in economics cannot be imagined without the use of economic and mathematical models and their subsequent analysis. Foreign economic literature contains a significant proportion of articles of both theoretical and applied nature, dominated by mathematical models used to substantiate the assumptions made and the most accurate calculation of economic efficiency. A number of economists very convincingly confirm that the recognition of any theoretical study of an economic nature is determined by the measure of the mathematical formalization of the problem, the adequacy of the mathematical apparatus used and the effectiveness of the final results obtained as a result of the study. In this regard, the article discusses the urgent problem of developing a mathematical model of optimal enterprise management. The authors propose an approach to the selection of the most appropriate modeling, taking into account the restrictions imposed on the boundary states of the system that describes the economic component of the enterprise. The use of classical mathematical approaches with their subsequent adaptation to modern conditions is given and substantiated..

Since each subject of the Russian Federation has full rights to conduct both interregional and international economic relations, the indicators of regional development largely depend on the investment strategy being implemented, including the level of investment potential. In this regard, the article deals with the urgent task of assessing the investment potential of the region based on socio-economic indicators using mathematical statistics, which allows us to obtain objective and reliable results, and also ensures the scalability of the methodology used and the possibility of its application to analyze the investment potential of other regions of the Russian Federation. Correlation and regression analysis was used, a linear regression model was studied for multicollinearity. The use of multidimensional statistical analysis of the investment attractiveness indicators of the Orenburg region allowed us to identify the most significant factors influencing the volume of investments in the fixed capital of the region, which include: the amount of work performed by the type of economic activity "Construction"; average per capita monetary income of the population; the volume of manufacturing production; the proportion of the working-age population in the total number. Based on the results of correlation and regression analysis, it is concluded that the level of investment in fixed assets of the Orenburg region is most significantly influenced by such areas of economic activity as agriculture, mining and manufacturing. Attracting investments to the identified sectoral priorities of the investment attractiveness of the Orenburg region will ensure the creation of high-performance places in the region, increase the gross regional product, and also give a multiplier effect for the development of other activities.

The article reveals theoretical approaches to managing the organizational potential of the enterprise in the conditions of change and reorganization. The positions of foreign and domestic authors on the understanding of the subject of organizational development and the main factors affecting the different components of the organization and undergoing changes are compared. The goals of organizational development of the modern organization are revealed and the risks faced by the organization in the context of change are highlighted. The authors justify the effectiveness of the organization's development by choosing a change management model that allows it to prepare for the challenges of the external and internal environment. The study considers the industry of intercom systems, which is currently undergoing significant changes, including in the composition of products and types of services under the influence of technological factors. Currently, the aggressive offensive and diversification of the activities of large companies into the regional markets of this sector of the economy leads to a fairly understandable algorithm for changes in the organizational potential of such enterprises. In this regard, in our opinion, the analysis of the experience of managing changes of regional small companies is of greater interest. The object of the study was a regional enterprise of the Lipetsk region LLC Binom, engaged in the field of intercom systems. Analysis of the research subject with the help of various tools of strategic analysis of the external and internal environment of the company revealed the main problems in the management of organizational development related to the management style, the model of organizational culture, applied management methods that do not correspond to the stage of the life cycle of the company. To increase the viability of the enterprise in the market of intercom systems, which is a key factor and condition for development in the long term, a set of measures was proposed aimed at preparing the company for changes in the future and improving management efficiency in the present.

Today's economic climate, characterized by globalization and market liberalization, has forced modern markets, forced modern companies to live in a highly competitive environment. Therefore, in this volatile and uncertain environment, a company must optimize its available resources, and in particular human capital, which is a fundamental source of value creation and value and wealth creation. Human capital is a strategic lever of competitiveness that companies must Human capital is a strategic lever of competitiveness that companies must take into account. Site Companies are not left out; like all companies in the world, they must also be aware of the importance of this factor and its direct impact on organizational effectiveness. This is achieved through better management of human capital and through various tools, in this case the social audit. This tool is the most privileged to implement because it allows an inventory of the human resource management function and remains the best ally for reducing the social risks faced by companies. This tool is the most privileged to implement because it allows an inventory of the human resources management function and remains the best ally to reduce the social risks faced by companies. Our study serves to offer an overview of the literature on social auditing and social performance. Thus, we seek to answer the question of the contribution of social audit to a company's social performance by revealing different theoretical models that understand this relationship (social audit and social performance.

The aim of the study is to find out how innovation affects economic growth in the BRICS countries. The World Bank 2021 World Development Indicators database, covering the period from 2000 to 2019, was used to collect data. There are three ways to quantify innovation: research and development, patents, and trademarks. This study looked at how the GDP of the BRICS countries responds to the hit from research and development, patents, and trademarks. Stationarity tests are conducted using panel unit-roots. For the study, the authors used both multiple regression for each country and panel data regression estimates for the BRICS countries. The authors suggest several compelling factors for BRICS economies to examine the development of innovation, especially in research and development, patents, and trademarks, as a potential opportunity to accelerate economic growth. Furthermore, the authors found that the overall impact of research and development, patents, and trademarks on economic growth is significant and growing rapidly among the BRICS economies, demonstrating that innovation contributes significantly to economic growth. The results of this study show that research and development, patents, and trademarks are important drivers of innovation and, therefore, GDP growth in the BRICS region.

Scientific article defines the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of crop production and agricultural production, including productivity. The structure of production of the main types of crop production in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic by categories of farms as a percentage of the total production has been studied. It has been established that the main types of crop production are grain, sunflower seeds, potatoes, and vegetables. The volume of production of the main types of crop production in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 increased compared to the previous year. Productivity is the most important indicator reflecting the level of intensification of agricultural production. The quality of the planned economic level largely depends on the correct planning and forecasting of the level of crop yields. An analysis of yields in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 made it possible to establish that sunflower has the highest yield growth rate, and vegetable production has significantly decreased. The production of potatoes and vegetables in households in 2020 increased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. The production of grain and vegetables in peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs in 2020 decreased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. In farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, an additional increase in productivity is predicted due to the introduction of innovative technologies in crop production.

Currently, the urgency of considering the problems of comfort and life safety of the population of megalopolises and regions is indisputable. Particular attention is paid to the use of various indicators for assessing - the human development index, the urban environment quality index, the quality of life index, the gross regional product per capita and other indicators. The subject of the research is the indices of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between indicators that make it possible to assess the comfort and safety of the living environment, ensuring the quality of life and quality of the urban environment standards and having a priority value for the formation of a high level of human capital in regions and megacities. It was hypothesized that the study of megalopolises using the above-mentioned indicators can be described using fewer factors, since there should be a relationship between the indicators. It is assumed that all of these indicators contain a fairly large number of similar indicators, the tightness of the relationship between which can be revealed by the methods of correlation analysis. Comparison of these five indices was carried out using economic and mathematical methods, regression analysis. Using the principal component method, a statistically significant regression equation was found that describes the dependence of the indicators under consideration. According to the results of the calculations, it was found that the magnitude of the impact of indicators on the change in the human development index is 84%. The hypothesis has been proved that the main factors influencing the human development index change are the quality of the urban environment, the quality of life of the population, and the gross regional product per capita.

Ensuring favorable living conditions of the population and a comfortable urban environment is one of the priority tasks, the solution of which is required in areas of mass residential development. The increasing volume of housing construction causes a proportional increase in the need for social infrastructure facilities. One of the tools for solving this problem can be the improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of the housing developer's participation in the construction of social infrastructure facilities that ensure the complexity of the development of residential areas of megacities. The criteria for the formation of a list of social infrastructure facilities the construction of which can be assigned to the developer as a social burden, are defined. A list of social infrastructure facilities has been formed, first of all, ensuring the complexity of residential development of megacities, the construction of which can be entrusted to the developer within the framework of social encumbrances. In order to meet the needs for selected social infrastructure facilities: kindergartens, schools and outpatient clinics, the author's methodology for calculating the amount of financial obligations of the developer for the development of social infrastructure facilities has been developed, the results of such calculation are presented. According to the enlarged calculations, the quantitative value of the indicator of the volume of the developer's participation in the construction of the most important social infrastructure facilities affecting the quality of the urban environment will amount to 14311 rubles/sq.m of the total area of apartments. The proposed calculation model can be used as a basis for financial and economic justification of the effectiveness of managerial decision-making in the field of urban planning. As part of the improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of the developer's participation in the construction of social infrastructure facilities, a proposal has been formulated to create a separate organizational structure – the Social Obligations Fund, which will ensure the accumulation of developers' funds and their fair and efficient distribution in accordance with the order of housing commissioning and within the framework of agreements concluded with developers

The conducted research is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation of the qualification level of specialists in the field of economic relations, based on the specialized skills of preparation and work with projects. Based on the analyzed sources, the authors analyze the design process of any nature (socio-economic, physical, technical, technological, etc.), as a result of which the material, consumer (functional), social, and other properties of the system change. The purpose of the work is to carry out a scientific analysis of student project activities and the design process itself. The object of study was the organizational forms of ensuring the activities of future specialists in the formation of practical, economic-dependent, skills of future specialists based on project activities. The work used generally accepted methods of research, description, critical analysis, approbation, expert-analytical review, engineering analysis focused on the economic performance of future projects. The result of the study is an analysis of the use, both in the classroom format and with the help of immersive technologies, of the project management method PRINCE2 (PRojests IN Controlled Environments) based on the principles of continuity, practical experience, distribution of roles, phased management, crisis intervention in the project, focusing on the final result and adaptation to the external environment. These criteria are of particular relevance to the economic forms of project justification, organization of implementation, quality control, planning, risk analysis, and progress. According to the results of the research, it is possible to note the stages of implementation of effective, from the standpoint of economic feasibility, projects: launch, initiation, project management, management of stages, results, boundaries and completion of the initiative. The above is an integral part of the training of future specialized specialists in various areas of training.

The article reflects the main methods for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of a subsidiary in the process of entering the integrated variable structure. At the current stage of the development of integrable structures, the problem of determining the efficiency of the functioning of subsidiaries has been given the attention of many researchers. But, unfortunately, the identification of real results of effectiveness remains insufficiently unhighlighted in the scientific literature. Investigating the development and functioning of integrable structures, it is necessary to determine the role, as well as the conditions for reducing costs. The article presents a methodology for determining the efficiency of enterprise integration in terms of enterprise income before entering the integrated structure, which reflects its main profile activities. The methodology for calculating the income of an enterprise after entering the integrated structure is also reflected. The following relationships can be observed inside the integrated structures: material and non-material. The data of which have an impact on the decline in indicators based on, we can talk about competitive advantages and product differentiation. The article presents possible sources of material relationships in relation to enterprises of a real integrable structure. There is also a scheme for creating relationships between an enterprise that is part of an integrated structure and a corporate center to achieve competitive advantages. The Russian practice of integrable structures describes various forms of integration, but according to the authors, the effect can be achieved only if the benefits (gains) from joining the integrated structure exceed the costs of ensuring the interconnected operation of enterprises and control exercised by the corporate center. The overwhelming majority of corporate centers give preference to comprehensive control over the activities of enterprises, which is not conducive to achieving synergy, reducing costs and gaining competitive advantage. Based on this, it is possible to identify the real competitive advantages of subsidiaries only with the help of the prioritization method based on expert assessment in the matrix form of recording.

The scientific article determines that the global economic crisis, political and economic restrictions, various sanctions and counter-sanctions have become a catalyst for the active growth of the competitiveness of agriculture, an incentive for the further development of innovation in the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the country's food security and implementing the import substitution policy. The agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic has sufficient natural resources and unique climatic conditions. However, in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, there are a number of extraordinary problems associated with the use of well-established high-expenditure technologies, principles, and technical means. In this regard, the initiation of innovative activities is being updated, contributing to the progressive strengthening of the efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. An analysis of the innovative activity of agriculture was carried out, and the development of dominant directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was carried out. The total level of innovative activity of agricultural organizations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic amounted to 10.3% in 2020. The share of organizations involved in the introduction of technological innovations in the total number of all organizations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic amounted to 15.0%. Thus, in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, measures are being taken to build a high-tech greenhouse complex with a system of continuous vegetable production cycle. All this indicates positive, but not sufficient, shifts in the innovative development of the economy of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Production activity in the agricultural sector of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is rapidly developing in the conditions of the formation of a favorable conjuncture, improvement of economic conditions in the agricultural sector. From the standpoint of potential resource opportunities, the dominant directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic should be based on a phased balanced solution to the problems of preserving a favorable environment, the use of natural resource potential, intellectual resources and high-tech intensive and resource-saving modern industries in order to meet the needs of the population in environmentally friendly products..

Innovative development a priori determines the viability and success of any economic system; at present, the role of innovation in economic activity is so great that the economy is named innovative. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of innovative development is revealed. Existing statistically observable indicators assess the conditions, resources, results of innovative processes; comparison of indicators is difficult due to their diversity of time and diversity of objects. The use of project analysis and forecasting techniques, methods for evaluating innovative projects does not allow assessing the prospects for the innovative development of the system as a whole. In addition, the uncertainty of the main characteristics of innovative development was revealed, they talk about «innovative activity», «innovative susceptibility», «innovative competitiveness». The authors propose to evaluate the results of innovative development based on «innovative viability». It was found that there are few scientific works on the assessment of solvency (economic, social, functional solvency, management solvency are considered), and only two works of Russian authors are devoted to innovative solvency. In the foreign scientific literature, only the problems of viability of innovations are studied. The author's definition of the content of the concept of «innovative viability» is proposed – a set of qualities, quantities, interconnections of the elements of the innovation system that exist in time and space (theoretical definition); for a separate economic system (region, enterprise) – this is the level of management that allows it to function successfully; it is a combination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics that ensures its sustainable viability and rationally active innovative activity; criteria for evaluating innovative viability are proposed: innovative potential, effectiveness of innovative activity, the ratio of the «fulcrum» and «center of gravity».

It is author’s another article in the series of publications to develop the previously formulated core and two fundamental provisions of the method of effective projects selection through different solutions of modification of the method of analysis of hierarchies (AHP) for financial, mathematical and other fields in science. The author paid special attention to improving the accuracy of measurements of matrix, normalized and vector estimates for the development of universal properties of AHP due to the following solutions with different qualities of scientific novelty: introduction of new formulas for calculating matrix estimates with detailed instructions for their application; offers nine different variants of AHP combinations, each including four classifiers (AHPMS-M1.N, AHPMS(AM) - M1.N, FAHPMS-M1.N and AHPDD-M1.N) on the basis of integer and fractional T. Saati 9-point scale with eight measurement intervals. This article presents a volumetric experimental data, which proved the scientific validity of these and previously disclosed solutions having scientific novelty in the direction of improving the accuracy of measurements in the AHP using different modifications of the first generation. The results of the experiment really allowed us to find and prove the validity of applying the measurement standard within science in the form of the 9 proposed combinations. The distinctive features of the reference combination are as follows: fractional scale [0; …;8]+1 in 9 main measurement intervals; when evaluating two equal objects (Ai(j)= Aj(i)), their matrix estimates are equal to units (0+1=1); these new solutions. Thus, the experimentally obtained and confirmed measurement standard from the first generation of AHP modifications is recommended to be used not only in the selection of effective projects, but also in other fields of science, taking into account its universal properties.

The number of people with disabilities is steadily growing all over the world and currently there are up to 15% of the total population. About 35 million people with limited mobility live in Russia, including 11.6 million people with disabilities, the most numerous group of disabled people aged over 60 years (57.2 % of the total number). Insufficient adaptation of the tourist infrastructure to the opportunities and needs of people with disabilities is one of the barriers to the formation of an "accessible environment". A study of the barrier-free environment in the country showed a low level of adaptation of tourist infrastructure for different types of tourism (from cultural, educational, therapeutic, to mountain skiing, etc.): Moscow and St. Petersburg - up to 30% of tourist infrastructure is adapted for travel of people with disabilities, in Sochi currently plans to bring up to 60%, in general, in all regions – up to 5%. The most popular transport for organizing tours is rail transport, so the infrastructure on rail transport must meet the requirements of an "accessible environment" for all categories of users. The issues of transport accessibility for the Russian population as a whole and the objectives of achieving sustainable development, considered within the context of providing an "accessible environment" for people with disabilities and people with reduced mobility on rail transport, constitute the development pattern for barrier-free and inclusive rail tourism in the country. Considering the needs of different categories of passengers, Russian Railways carries out complex modernization of rolling stock and renovation of passenger infrastructure (more than 900 passenger cars are equipped with a specialized compartment for passengers with disabilities), designs and promotes new projects in the development of railway tourism together with enterprises involved in the hospitality and tourism industry. However, insufficient tourism infrastructure adjustment to the needs of people with disabilities is one of the barriers to providing an accessible environment. Moreover, special features of mentality and health abilities of people with disabilities, their low purchasing power, and lack of awareness should be taken into account. Consistent implementation of state policy in creating a single barrier-free space for people with disabilities will contribute to their socialization in society and mobility when traveling and when traveling in the tourist and recreational environment

In the current conditions of economic development, the formation of innovative sectoral development is provided on the basis of the global implementation of human capital. In the situation of economic crises due to the instability of the external environment, human capital is the only source and resource for innovative changes in economic processes. Therefore, we propose to consider the indicator "human capital" as the basis for major innovative changes in the growth of modern Russian economy, which has been investigated in this article. The actualization of modern innovation policy, which includes guidelines for the development of the Russian Federation towards an innovation-technologically developed path, has determined the particular importance of the "human capital" indicator. The authors have highlighted the methodology for investigating the synergy of these research aspects. In the paper a conclusion is drawn, that taking into account imperfection of existing conceptual positions concerning a role and value of the human capital in the course of forming of innovative branch development for the purpose of increase of innovative activity of all participants of branch economic system and maintenance of influence on intensive development of branches and complexes, it is necessary to provide objective revision of traditional approaches of branch development research. The given research will allow increasing innovative activity of all participants of branch industrial-economic system. At the same time, human potential acts as the main driving force and asset of ensuring sustainable and intensive sectoral development, determines the opportunities of sectoral production and economic systems for the formation of diversification directions The structural and logical scheme of ensuring innovative sectoral development, which includes the stages of innovative development, such as the stage of forming prerequisites for innovative sectoral development, the stage of realization of human potential in the industry, the stage of realization of aggregate.