The use of mathematical modeling in various branches of the food industry as an effective tool for the policy of resource conservation of food systems is an innovative solution in the field of improving the efficiency of existing food production technologies based on established patterns in the production process. The issues of operational quality control in the process of processing food products with a stream of accelerated electrons in the absence of radiation doses regulated by standards, except for certain types of spices, to ensure the safety and quality of food products, in particular chilled fish, require a constructive approach with the general predictability of technological parameters in specialized radiation centers – operators of the irradiator. It was found that the dose absorbed by the samples of common carp scales with a high degree of correlation of 0.94 depends on the actual radiation dose and increases to 7.51±0.04 kGy when irradiated with a dose of 12 kGy or 25.9 times compared to samples treated with a stream of accelerated electrons with a radiation dose of 1 kGy. It is revealed that the operational quality is determined by the reproducibility of the results under the established conditions of the production processing process. As a result of experimental testing, mathematical models of various types were developed to predict the absorbed dose from experimental conditions on the example of samples of chilled carp scales: polynomial, 3D-graph and arccos. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of designing experimental conditions for processing chilled fish with a stream of accelerated electrons without performing trial processing of small batches of food products in radiation centers and using emitters as a model for technological runs.

The equations of motion, the equation of continuity, the equation of energy (heat balance), the rheological equation were chosen to describe the non-isothermal flow of the cereals melt in the extruder as the initial equations. The following assumptions were made to solve the model: the flow of a moving viscous medium is assumed to be laminar and steady; the forces of inertia and gravity are so small compared to the forces of friction and pressure that they can be neglected; a viscous medium (melt) is an incompressible liquid characterized by constant thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity; the change in thermal conductivity in the longitudinal direction was neglected due to the fact that convective heat transfer in the flow direction is higher than the heat transfer by thermal conductivity; heat transfer in the direction perpendicular to the flow of the melt occurs only due to thermal conductivity. The numerical finite difference method was used to solve a system of equations taking into account convective heat transfer. Its essence of use lies in the fact that the considered area (extruder channel) is divided into calculated cells using a grid. The grid consisted of rectangular cells with a constant step between nodes, which exactly lie on the boundaries of the integration region. In this case, the differential equations were transformed into difference equations by replacing the derivatives at a point with finite differences along the cell boundaries. The mathematical model of non-isothermal melt flow in the extruder channel was obtained as a result of the solution. To solve a mathematical model of the process of grain crops extrusion with a non-isothermal flow of their melts, a program in the algorithmic language C ++ was compiled. A non-isothermal mathematical model of the process of extrusion of grain crops at temperatures of the beginning of the Maillard reaction, i.e., up to 120–125 ?, was obtained. It allows us to identify the nature of the temperature change along the length of the extruder. Comparative analysis of the results of the numerical solution and experimental data showed good convergence: the standard deviation did not exceed 12.7%.

The thermodynamic equilibrium of a two-phase system is described by the Gibbs equation, which includes state parameters. On the basis of the Gibbs equation and the combined equation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are written: internal energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. If the two phases are in equilibrium, then the temperatures, pressures and chemical potentials of these phases are equal to each other. Equalities express the conditions of thermal and mechanical equilibrium, as well as the condition for the absence of a driving force for the transfer of a component across the interface. For a two-phase system, the Gibbs-Duhem equation connects the volume and entropy of 1 mole of the mixture, the content of any component, expressed in mole fractions. Extraction from lupine particles with cheese whey (solid-liquid system) is considered. The driving force of the extraction process in the solid-liquid system is the difference between the concentration of the solvent at the surface of the solid C and its average concentration C0 in the bulk of the solution. The concentration at the interface is usually taken to be equal to the concentration of a saturated solution of Cn, since equilibrium is established rather quickly near the surface of a solid. Then the driving force of the process is expressed as Cn – C0. A curve for the extraction of extractives from lupine with cheese whey was plotted by superimposing low-frequency mechanical vibrations.

For the qualitative application of ultrafiltration processes for the concentration and purification of food solutions, both experimental studies and a mathematical description of the processes of the membrane separation process of solutions from the standpoint of the development of computational mathematical models are required. In this work, by analytical solution of equations, that is, by the method of finite differences, mathematical equations are solved. To obtain the system, the flow continuity equations, convective diffusion equations, Navier-Stokes equations and flow equations with boundary conditions were solved in order to build a mathematical model of the process of ultrafiltration protein concentration in cheese whey in the production of rennet cheeses. As a result of the analytical solution of the equations, a system of mathematical equations was obtained that allows one to construct a profile of changes in the flow rates of the solution along the cross-section of the intermembrane channel and to determine the protein concentration in cheese whey along the length of the tubular ultrafiltration element BTU 05/2 of industrial type. The obtained mathematical model makes it possible to theoretically describe the process of ultrafiltration protein concentration in cheese whey along the entire length of the membrane channel of the tubular element under laminar and transient regimes of solution flow. The resulting system of mathematical equations makes it possible to find the numerical values of the mass flow rate of cheese whey, make it possible to calculate the specific output flow when the transmembrane pressure changes and to calculate the concentration of solutes in the secondary milk raw materials on the left and right ultrafiltration membrane of the intermembrane channel. The adequacy of the developed mathematical model was carried out by comparing the calculated and experimental data on the specific output flow when the transmembrane pressure in the intermembrane channel changes from 0.1 to 0.25 MPa with ultrafiltration concentration of cheese whey. The deviation of the calculated data found by the mathematical model from experimental studies obtained on a semi-industrial tubular ultrafiltration plant BTU 05/2 using semipermeable membranes, in which the active layer is made of fluoroplastic, hemisulphone and polyethersulfone, did not exceed 10%.

The problem of developing of highly digestible compound feeds with protected protein for cattle is due to the specifics of the gastric tract of cows and the peculiarities of protein assimilation. Due to the importance of preliminary moisture-heat treatment of grain for the subsequent course of the extrusion process, it was carried out by steam at a pressure of 0.6 МРа before moistening the feed to a humidity of 17–20% and heating to a temperature of 70–80° C. It is established that heat treatment has a significant effect on the carbohydrate complex of grain: heating it at high temperatures causes the destruction of starch, accompanied by the formation of easily soluble carbohydrates, which has a positive effect on the digestibility of feed. The kinetic regularities of the processes of moisture-heat treatment, grinding and extrusion of grain in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle were studied. The degree of dextrinization and the digestibility of starch increased with the heating temperature of corn and its mixtures with wheat up to 100–110° C, when the performance of the extruder was 300–320 kg/h, the digestibility of starch extruded corn and grain mixture is increased to 85 and 68 mg of glucose per 1 g of the product (hereinafter mg/g), respectively. For wheat, this indicator is lower and, accordingly, is 50 mg/g. When heated during the extrusion of corn to a temperature of up to 120–140° C, the digestibility of starch was 100–110 mg/g, and for the grain mixture – 80–83 mg/g. At this temperature, the digestibility of the starch of extruded wheat corresponded to 60–65 mg/g. The optimal moisture content of feed in the process of extrusion for the purpose of forming pellets is 18%. Studies of the extrusion effect on the carbohydrate complex of processed feed have shown that the destruction of starch in the extruded product increases. Thus, the content of soluble carbohydrates increases by 27–32%, and the digestibility of starch increases twice in extruded feed compared to unprocessed.

The study addresses the problems of the Fisheries industry development in the Murmansk region. It has been acknowledged that the percentage of the frozen fish in the output of hydrobionts food products is about 90 %. The focus areas for the Russian Fisheries industry are the increasing share of products with high added value and the development of the domestic consumer market of fishery products. It has been found that the air-dried and dried fish products with defined organoleptic properties is traditionally in strong demand with the population. However, the range of air-dried and dried fish products available for the consumers is rather limited. Moreover, there is a very small part of air-dried and dried fish in the total volume of hydrobionts food products. It is possible to increase the efficiency of air-dried and dried fish production by using the scientific-based process solutions, which allow to reduce the production costs and improve the consumer properties of the finished products. This paper presents the aspects of generalization of the dehydration processes in the production of dried, air-dried and smoked fish. A link between the initial, critical moisture content of fish and the potential conductivity of mass transfer coefficients has been established. A mathematical relation for calculating the duration and modeling the kinetics of drying processes in production of dried and air-dried fish has been determined. The equations for calculating the water diffusion coefficients in the critical points of the kinetics curve have been obtained. The combined use of the received patterns allows to model the dehydration processes when producing the air-dried and dried fish products, calculate the drying time, determine the moisture diffusion coefficients and build dependencies of water distribution in the thickness of the processed object.

Crystallization is one of the most important steps in the technological flow of commodity sugar. By its nature, it develops in a fairly wide temperature range, conditions of varying concentration of the solution, its peptization and other mass-exchange process of formation and growth of sugar crystals in a sugar solution by diffusion transfer in it sucrose molecules. To this it is necessary to add such complicating physical and mathematical formalization phenomena, affecting crystallization, such as the shape of the crystal, purity, viscous properties and surface tension of the solution, the presence of non-sugars, etc. Therefore, among the factors that determine the whole process, the factors usually take place, keeping among them only priority and most important from the point of view of the study. The article, unlike known analogues, provides justification and quantitative analysis of the kinetics of the sucrose crystallization process, taking into account the features of the crystal shape and diffusion properties of the solution. From the point of view of classical diffusion theory, the phenomenon of crystallization is interpreted as molecular with infinite rate of perilation from the source of diffusion transfer in the solution of sucrose molecules, so that the concentration in the sugar-containing liquid system is also supposed to change instantly at each point. However, since in the real world this effect is not observed, in order to resolve this contradiction, introduce the concepts of the indignant and unperturbed, separated by the diffusion front of the concentration of the regions of these phase states. Using the kinematic characteristics of the front, determine the time of the crystallization process in general in both phases. This allows us to calculate the processing period of the solution with greater accuracy than the results obtained on the basis of classical theory.

The description of the technological scheme of the granulation site at the Borinsky sugar plant is given, with an analysis of the work of the main types of technological equipment to identify problem areas of production. It is established that the use of such a promising press as the one of the Babbinni company allows you to get pulp with a humidity of 68-76 %. To dry it in a drum dryer to a humidity of 11–13%, 170 m3 of natural gas is consumed per 1 ton of pulp. The technological process of obtaining granulated beet pulp includes pressing the initial beet pulp with an initial humidity of 85–90% to a humidity of 68–76 %; drying the pressed pulp with a heat carrier at a temperature of 110–140 °C for 90–120 minutes to a final humidity of 11–13 %; cleaning pellets from metal-magnetic impurities; granulating the pulp (the diameter of the pellets is 10 mm); cooling pellets to a temperature of 30–35 °C; fractionation of pellets into large and small fractions; weighing and shipping granulated beet pulp to the warehouse of finished products. The technological modes influence analysis of beet pulp pressing, drying and granulating processes at the Borinsky sugar plant showed the need to introduce a second stage of pressing to further reduce the moisture content in the pressed pulp. Obtaining pressed pulp with a lower moisture content will significantly reduce the energy consumption for moisture evaporation in the drum dryer. Reducing the duration of the heat drying process of pressed beet pulp in a drum dryer will significantly increase the nutritional value of the granulated beet pulp produced.

The technology of direct extraction with nephras followed by the further miscella purification from the solvent and acid hydration (citric acid) is used to produce soybean oil. The miscella is cleared of solvent by passing through a range of heat exchangers and distillers. The final distillation unit is a 2-stage distillation apparatus operating at approximately absolute 400 mbar . A significant drawback of these installations is the irrational use of steam and its heat, the possibility of the finished product overheating and its quality deterioration, the process low speed, complex design and maintenance. To intensify the process of solvent evaporation from the miscella film in the structure of the troughs in the film chamber, it is advisable to install cylindrical or slotted holes through which free falling jets of miscella are formed sequentially from the overlying loop of the trough to the plane of the underlying one. In this case, the miscella film moving along the chute has a certain hydrodynamic instability at the points of flow and the fall of the jet on the plane of the chute. Directly in the jet, the liquid, as a rule, is turbulized, and there is no laminar film. This technique significantly intensifies the distillation process. An aeration system for supplying live steam, represented by a tubular bubbler, should be installed for intensification as well. The use of tubular aerators makes it possible to achieve an increase in the ratio of the aerated area to the total area of ??the section with the use of a smaller number of aeration elements and a reduction in the length of the pipelines (by 4 times on average ). As a result, the time and cost of installation are reduced significantly.

The article discusses the concepts of continuous vacuum apparatus operation: vertical VKT (VKT – Verdampfungs-Kristallisations-Turm) and horizontal cascade of VKH vacuum apparatus (VKH —horizontal vacuum pan) from BMA (Germany). The advantages and features of the vertical continuous vacuum apparatus VKT are shown, as well as the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of the product department of sugar factories. Thanks to the special design of the crystallization chambers, the low massecuite level above the heating chamber and the use of mechanical stirrers in each chamber, the VKT apparatus can operate without difficulty with a very small temperature difference between heating steam and massecuite, as well as with an absolute heating steam pressure well below 1 bar. With optimal use of VKT vacuum apparatus, a variety of energy-saving schemes can be implemented, for example, double-effect evaporation in the crystallization section. Part of the secondary crystallization steam is used to heat one of the VKT units, which saves the heating steam of the evaporator unit used for this purpose. With an increase in the productivity of the sugar factory, it is possible to quickly equip the VKT apparatus with an additional chamber. The device works continuously throughout the season, especially with products with massecuite purity of more than 94%. The chambers are cleaned without stopping the entire apparatus. The boiling of massecuite of all stages of crystallization in VKT devices ensures a uniform operating mode of the food compartment, allows to achieve an increase in sugar yield and helps to reduce steam consumption at the plant.

The technology of production of compound feeds for agricultural (pigs) and unproductive (dogs, cats) animals, as well as for fur-bearing animals (minks, arctic foxes, sables) and valuable fish (sturgeon, trout, etc.), in which the replacement of expensive components of animal origin (fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, offal), for extruded vegetable high-protein components (soy, sunflower or rapeseed meal, lupine, peas, soy) is carried out. The use of vacuum spraying of thermolabile liquid components (amino acids, protein-vitamin-mineral additives, vitamins, fats) on the surface of extruded pellets will allow you to obtain highly digestible feed. The kinetic regularities of the studied processes of humidification and steaming, extrusion, drying/cooling and draining are determined, and their rational modes are revealed. The technological scheme of the line for the production of highly digestible compound feeds has been developed, which includes the following equipment: hopper; extruder; dryer-cooler; liquid component injection plant, draining machine; conveyor and finished product hopper. According to the technical characteristics (overall dimensions, weight, occupied area, drive power, uniformity of application of fat on the surface of granules), the manufactured coating machine and the liquid component injection unit exceed the best world analogues. The technology of vacuum mixing with the introduction of liquid components will ensure their uniform distribution over the entire volume, reduce the duration of mixing, which will increase the productivity of the vacuum mixer and reduce energy consumption. The developed technology and promising types of technological equipment (mixer, extruder, vacuum sprayer, dryer-cooler) will make it possible to obtain highly digestible feed of a new generation with a protein content of 60 %, fat content of 40 %, with the introduction of growth stimulants, biologically active additives. An increase in the protein and fat complex will increase the digestibility of compound feeds by 10-12 %, increase weight gain by 10-12 % and reduce feed conversion by 15 %.

In this article we demonstrate the connotation of microgreens, the newly merging product in the Russian market. Microgreens are normal plants planted in highly density on a substrate medium and harvested shortly after the first true leaves appear. Microgreens of many aromatic plants possess intensive flavour similar to its mature product. We also expound the aspects related to this product, including growth, harvesting time, Seeds utilization, light requirements, available suitable substrate, as well as the disadvantages related to its production. There is still a lot of controversy about the health benefits of consuming microgreens. Some researchers believe that there is currently not enough scientific evidence to support a higher nutrient level in microgreens than in mature plants. In this review, we discuss whether microgreening is a great addition to gardening or not. Still, other prospects for the future of this product indicates that the demand of the market for the microgreens will be strong especially with the wide spread of home-growing facilities like phytotrons and simple growing chambers.

Sea buckthorn fruits, due to the content of complexes of water- and fat-soluble antioxidants, have therapeutic and prophylactic properties. Their content depends on the species, subspecies, varieties, botanical varieties, ecological and geographical origin of sea buckthorn fruits. The paper presents the results of studies of the composition of antioxidants and antioxidant activity of three botanical varieties of sea buckthorn (Hippopha? rhamnoides L.) growing in the Leningrad region of the northwestern region of Russia. As part of the antioxidant complex, the content of phenolic antioxidants (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids) and vitamin C was investigated. The greatest variability of water-soluble sea buckthorn antioxidants is associated with the content of vitamin C – from 82 to 297 mg/100g, depending on the botanical variety. The content of total phenolic compounds was 600–795 mg/100g, and the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids was 265–346 and 105–170 mg/100g, respectively. In the complex of fat-soluble antioxidants of sea buckthorn fruits of different varieties, the content of vitamin E and carotenoids was investigated, which was 6.9–8.3 and 10.7–14.9 mg/100g, respectively. The content of vitamin C influences the formation of antioxidant properties determined by the DPPH method and coulometric titration of water and alcohol fractions, forming a number of botanical varieties of sea buckthorn: Orange> Vitamin> Giant. The antioxidant activity of alcoholic fractions is 1.3–1.7 times higher than that of aqueous fractions, depending on the botanical variety of sea buckthorn fruits. The content of phenolic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids) influenced the antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method, forming a number of sea buckthorn varieties: Vitamin> Orange> Giant

Currently, there is a significant increase in interest in the industrial production of enzyme preparations (and other recombinant proteins) using various microorganisms, including methylotrophic yeasts such as Komagataella phaffii. At the same time, the most significant productivity of the target proteins is achieved by methanol induction of heterologous genes cloned under the control of the AOX1 promoter. Thus, the efficiency of biosynthesis is largely determined by the metabolism of methanol. In this connection, the aim of the work is to develop an optimal strategy for methanol induction of the AOX1 promoter of Komagataella phaffii. The object of the study is the culture of the recombinant phospholipase A2 producing strain Komagataella phaffii. The studies were carried out in a laboratory fermenter Infors Minifors (Switzerland) on a liquid nutrient medium BSM (Basal Salt Medium) We used the generally accepted methods of studying the characteristics of metabolic activity, including the calculation of specific characteristics and productivity of the strain. The result of the study is the determination of the specific rate of consumption of methanol used as a carbon source, which was 19.2±1.8 mg/g*h. Also, the specific growth rate of Komagataella phaffii was determined and amounted to 0.24 h-1.Based on the data obtained during the research, a strategy for the induction of the AOX1 promoter in the cultivation of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii was developed by maintaining the methanol concentration in the range of 0.6 to 2% based on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the medium. The developed strategy of induction of the AOX1 promoter made it possible to obtain at least 1.87 g / l of recombinant protein (phospholipase A2) during cultivation of Komagataella phaffii for 96 h, which is 3.7 times higher than the known results.

The scientific review article allows to evaluate the relevance of scientific research of gluten-free bakery and confectionery products produced on the basis of secondary types of flour and flour mixtures, modern sources of non-traditional types of fruit and berry raw materials, innovative technologies, functional ingredients, designed to maintain the health of the population suffering from gluten intolerance. Much attention is paid to the use of amaranth seed flour in bread production, which has a higher biological value compared to traditional types of flour. Adding, along with amaranth flour, chufa tuber flour, carrot, rowan, pumpkin, apple and other powders to the dough can expand the diet of patients with symptoms of gluten intolerance. In particular, the apple powder contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, excess weight, removal of heavy metals from the body, prevent the development of atrophy of the skeletal muscles, and carrot powder - speed recovery from a nervous breakdown, prolonged stress, strengthen the heart muscle, improve blood vessels, enhance immunity, prevent the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc. The technology of production of gluten-free products based on amaranth seed flour mixed with corn or rice flour continues to be improved, which significantly increases the nutritional value of these products and expands the range of affordable gluten-free food products of domestic production. Another example is croissants baked on the basis of rice, buckwheat, flaxseed, almond and Teff flour. The analysis of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters showed that they meet the requirements of quality and high taste and aroma characteristics. Gluten-free bread based on chia flour, buckwheat flour, flax, soybean, amaranth, millet, tapioca, sorghum, peas, quinoa, rice and lupine flours contain a high amount of dietary fiber, positively influencing the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microflora and helping to preserve the freshness of baked products. Despite the commonality of existing approaches in the production of gluten-free products, scientists suggest supplementing the existing recipes with secondary types of flour, fruit and berry and other functional components. Thus, the problem of using gluten-free flours in the production of functional products remains the object of increased scientific attention on the part of scientists, manufacturers and consumers.

The scope of application of the modern regulatory framework in the field of assessing the negative impact on the environment for food industry enterprises has been investigated. The issues of biotechnological protection of environmental objects are considered, taking into account the effective use of natural resources, production and consumption waste. An assessment of modern methods and approaches to environmental health improvement, including minimization of negative impacts, is given. An expert assessment of the environmental component of the business was carried out. It is shown that an effective environmental policy in all areas of business should be accompanied by the disclosure of environmental initiatives in information and communication networks through marketing campaigns. The main approaches to biotechnological protection of environmental objects, aimed at the efficient use of natural resources, production and consumption waste, are analyzed. Modern methods and approaches to environmental health improvement, including minimization of negative impact, are evaluated. The necessity of extraction of toxic heavy metals from waste before their disposal for storage and disposal in order to prevent damage to the environment is shown. The advantages of biochemical soil remediation for leaching metals with selection and specialized adaptation of working strains of microorganisms are noted. The need for large-scale incentives for manufacturers to introduce technological processes that minimally pollutes the environment has been established.

The results of studies of the alimentary correction of the efficiency of gas exchange processes in the lungs are presented on the example of students and teachers of an engineering university with the daily use of food products with known bio-corrective properties: 3.5 g of wheat germ oil (MZP), 50 g of flour from wheat germ meal (MZHP), 6.5 g of concentrated tissue fish oil (CTR) and their combinations with the biomass of the consortium of lacto - and bifidobacteria (10 g). The efficiency of gas exchange processes was assessed based on the analysis of the respiratory coefficient, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the exhaled gas mixture was determined using a TESTO-310 gas analyzer, an MDG-1201 capnograph, the values of which were recorded before and after daily consumption of the studied products during 30 days. The experimental group consisted of volunteers - teachers and university students aged 16 to 65 years, divided into 3 age groups: 16-24, 25-44 and 45-65 years old. It was found that the most effective antihypoxant is MZHP, in all age groups the increase in the mean values ??of DC was 0.041 units, and relative to the initial values - 4.8%. With the use of MW, the change in DC was 0.032, an increase relative to the initial indicators - 3.7%. For the 1st, 2nd and 3rd age groups, the average change in DC was: 0.031, 0.036 and 0.043 units, relative to the initial indicators, the growth was 3.5, 4.2 and 5.0%, respectively. It has been proven that the combination of the investigated biocorrectors with active forms of probiotic microorganisms provides a more active antihypoxant effect for all investigated products, in all age groups. The efficiency of the minimum wage has increased, the increase in DC was 0.049 units, for CTR - 0.024 units. The growth of DC relative to the initial values was 5.7 and 2.9%, respectively. The synergism of the action of biocorrectors in combination with probiotics, by age groups, was 0.035, 0.033 and 0.038 units, which relative to the initial indicators was 4.1, 3.8 and 4.5%. The data obtained make it possible to state the possibility of a significant alimentary effect on the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs, prove the antihypoxant properties of MZP, MZHP, CTR, as well as an increase in the effectiveness of combinations of these biocorrectors with active forms of probiotic microorganisms.

The demand for natural products is constantly growing in the current environmental situation. This encourages manufacturers to increase the production of these goods. However, almost all branches of the food industry use nowadays a large number of biologically active additives, mainly of synthetic origin. In this regard, the introduction of natural vegetable supplements in the composition of a traditional food product will contribute not only to an increase in the nutritional and biological value of the product, but also to expand the range of healthy food products. The possibility of using dietary fiber from root crops of scorzonera, immobilized on biopolymers, and chickpea flour obtained from chickpea beans bioactivated by germination in the amount of 5% and 15%, respectively, was studied in the work. Scientific substantiation of the effectiveness of the use of vegetable filler in the production of combined soft cheese was given. The cheese product produced has a mass fraction of fat in dry matter of 4.5%, a mass fraction of moisture not more than 64%, a mass fraction of salt not more than 2.0%. The use of dietary fiber as a food additive in cheese production gives the product a functional value. Dietary fiber, introduced in an amount of 5.0%, increases the yield of the finished product by 11-11.5%. Thus, applying the proposed technology for the production of a soft cheese product, it becomes possible to solve a number of technological, environmental and economic problems, including an increase in the nutritional value of a soft cheese product, due to enrichment with dietary fiber, macro- and micronutrients, as well as an increase in the biological value of the developed product by balancing the amino acid composition

The paper presents an analysis of the quality of soft wheat grown in different soil and climatic conditions of the Russian Federation and having a wide range of quality indicators (the amount of gluten - from 15.3 to 29.4%, the quality of gluten - from 29 to 84 units. IIR, falling number - from 134 to 475 sec). Revealed significant differences in the quality of modern Russian wheat from the wheat of the late XX century. The interrelationships of indicators of quality of grain, flour obtained from it, rheological properties of dough with indicators of quality of bread on a modern instrument base using an alveograph, valorigraph and mixolab have been established. The study of the rheological properties of the dough on the mixolab was carried out in the classical "Chopin Wheat +" mode. According to the profiler parameters (radial diagram), it was found that the analyze grain was characterized by increased rates of starch retrogradation, which characterizes the carbohydrate-amylase complex of flour, a high water absorption index, and increased amylolytic activity; low viscosity and gluten +. To differentiate the strength of wheat, a test laboratory baking of bread was carried out using two methods - the remix method and the reduced-remix method, which showed that the most stable relationships were revealed when baking bread with the remix method. When baking with the abbreviated method, higher indicators of bread quality were obtained, but there are fewer stable relationships, moreover, both for wheat containing less than 25% gluten and more than 25%.

The aim of this study was to analyze the total content of antioxidants (TCA) at different stages of production of the Khakass national product talgan, made from sprouted wheat and barley. Grain crops were grown on the territory of the Bey district of the Republic of Khakassia, which is characterized by favorable climatic conditions from the point of view of growing grain with an increased content of antioxidants. To determine the TCA value in the grain, two solvents were used – hot bidistilled water and 70% ethanol. The TCA measurement was performed on the device "Color Yauza-01-AA". Among all the grain samples studied, higher values were recorded when using hot bidistilled water as an eluent. It was found that the germination process did not reduce the taste qualities of the grain product. The value of the TCA in talgan, made on the basis of sprouted barley grain, was higher in comparison with wheat by 34%. The effect of increasing the level of TCA in the product in comparison with the initial raw material after the stage of grain germination in wheat and barley, respectively, by 1.5 and 2 times, and after the stages of roasting and grinding by 2 and 2.5 times. The value of FSA in bran exceeded that in the original grain by 44 and 65% for wheat and barley, respectively. Thus, as a result of the research, it was found that regardless of the studied crop (wheat, barley), the process of germination of grain is one of the effective ways to increase the value of TCA in the talgan product made on its basis.

The aim of the work is the scientific and practical substantiation rabbits productivity increasing while using Jerusalem artichoke pulp and the probiotic complex "Sporothermin" in the composition of biologically valuable compound feed. The introduction of intensive breeding technologies in the rabbit breeding industry, as well as an increase in the number of livestock, led to a significant increase in the technogenic and microbiological load on the rabbits' body, which in turn causes disruption of digestion, metabolism, a decrease in productivity and the occurrence of intestinal infections. The solution to this problem can be innovative developments on the application of herbal supplements and probiotic complexes in feed rations. They help to improve the bioavailability of nutrients in compound feed and increase the safety of livestock without the use of antibiotics for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The influence of the probiotic additive "Sporothermin" together with Jerusalem artichoke pulp on the safety, productivity, physiological status and chemical composition of rabbit meat was studied in the work. 30 rabbits aged 45 days were selected to study the effect of probiotic complexes - Jerusalem artichoke pulp. The control group of rabbits received the main diet, consisting of compound feed PK-90, the rabbits of the experimental groups received compound feed PK-90, which included the probiotic complex "Sporothermin" (0.6 g / kg and 1.0 g / kg) - Jerusalem artichoke pulp 10% by weight of compound feed. The analysis of the chemical composition of muscle tissue showed that the application of the probiotic preparation "Sporothermin" at a dosage of 1.0 g / kg and Jerusalem artichoke pulp at a dosage of 10% to the mass of compound feed increases the average daily gains and, as a result, meat productivity, improves the balance of the chemical composition. This is confirmed by the approbation of the data obtained in the industrial complex of Lipetsk Rabbit LLC and the assessment of the physicochemical, functional, technological and organoleptic characteristics of the raw meat obtained.

Smokeless nicotine containing products are very diverse and offered in flavored tobacco/non tobacco forms, packed in portioned sachets of different mass, dimensions, and colors, with different nicotine content. In RF of chewing tobacco is regulated by Federal law № 268, sucking tobacco (snus) is prohibited for wholesale and retail trade according to FL № 456. Federal law № 303 equates consuming of non tobacco nicotine containing products for chewing and sucking to tobacco consumption. Absence of regulations for nicotine containing products with similar package, but different in composition and physiological effect requires elaboration methods for complex estimation of smokeless products with methods verification in order to their control. Monitoring of studies conducted in various scientific centers on the issue of toxicological assessment of smokeless tobacco / non-tobacco nicotine-containing products has been carried Analysis of consumer’s indicators of smokeless products includes organoleptic testing and measuring nicotine content as toxicity indicator. It is discovered that nicotine content in studied samples varies from 0.3 to 7.6 %. Quantity of absorbed nicotine during cigarette smoking is criterion of sufficient nicotine concentration in smokeless products, extracted through oral mucosa. Base (carrier) for non tobacco products is usually powdered microcrystal cellulose or grinded plant matter (peppermint) of different flavor and color. Structure of smokeless products is defined and their identification features are offered, including extra feature – tobacco presence in product, defined by presence of tobacco specific nitrosamines. As the result of the researches adoption of nicotine content limit of 20 – 30 mg per portion is offered. Complex estimation system for smokeless products is elaborated. It includes: organoleptic testing of consumer’s properties, spectrophotometric method for nicotine content measuring, thermogravimetric determination of the mass fraction of moisture, optical microscopy and luminiscence analysis for defining product structure in order to its identification, gas chromatography for defining humectants and LC-MS for measuring content of tobacco specific nitrosaminescontent.

The analysis of vegetable oils was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of physiological needs for different groups of the population and FAO / WHO to meet the need for the consumption of vegetable oils. The aim of the work is to create blends of vegetable oils with an optimized composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids ?3, ?6, ?9 for healthy human nutrition. The objects of research are vegetable oils obtained by cold pressing from milk thistle, sunflower, rapeseed and camelina. The analysis of the fatty acid composition of the oils was carried out using gas chromatography. It was found that the greatest amount of ?6 is contained in sunflower oil – 66%, in milk thistle oil – 53%, in rapeseed oil 20%, in camelina oil 17%. Camelina oil is rich in ?3 – 37%, rapeseed oil ?9 – 59%, which corresponds to the standards for these types of oils. Using the method of linear programming, the calculation of four-component blends of various types of oils, balanced by ?3, ?6, ?9, in accordance with the norms recommended for satisfying the daily nutritional needs of a person is presented. Blends of vegetable oils were designed. The ratio in fatty acid blends ?3: ?6: ?9 - 1: 1.5: 1.3 has been established. By means of modeling, 5 blends of vegetable oils with different compositions were obtained. Based on the data obtained, the partial desirability functions for each blend and the general Harrington index were calculated. The values of the desirability functions that exceed 0.9 and the generalized Harrington criterion of 0.97 were obtained, which corresponds to the standard level of the desirability scale "excellent". In this regard, it can be argued that the resulting blends have a balanced composition. It should be noted that the next step is a tasting studies in order to obtain satisfactory organoleptic characteristics.

A study of consumer preferences for dried and half-dried fish products among respondents regularly visiting large retail sites in the city of Murmansk was conducted. It was found that more than two-thirds of respondents prefer to purchase high-quality dried and half-dried fish products; the weight of the purchased package of this product does not have a significant value. Sensory evaluation of extracts of 16 phytoproducts was carried out and the following highest-scoring ones were selected: chamomile flowers; golden mustache; linden flowers and sand immortelle flowers. Experiments of salting Atlantic salmon fillets and cod fillets in a weak saline solution with phytoextract for 12-96 hours were carried out; the ratio of fish, saline solution and aqueous extract of phytoproducts were 1:1:0.01. The most acceptable duration of weak finished salting is established not to be exceeding 48 hours. Experiments on drying the semi-finished product were carried out to establish the quality characteristics and the maximum duration of dehydration of the dried and half-dried fish product. Studies of the dehydrated product carried out every 4 hours by the sensory evaluations, the content and activity of water Aw established the most acceptable drying time, not exceeding 36 hours. Studies of dried fish products were carried out every 20 days according to organoleptic, chemical and microbiological parameters during the 80-day storage period. An acceptable storage period (shelf life) at the temperature of 0 - minus 5  ? of dried and half-dried vacuumed fish has been established to be of two months. Based on the results of the experiments, the technical specifications and technological instructions for the production of a new type of dried and half-dried formed fish with improved properties were developed.

The leading direction in the field of nutrition is the creation of a range of products that contribute to improving health when they are used daily in the diet. The urgency of studying bovine colostrum-colostrum, which is an immune-modeling animal raw material, has been substantiated. Colostrum is a natural source of all the ingredients needed to build immunity. Biologically active substances contained in cow colostrum contribute to: restoration of immunity; restoration of the intestines and stomach; strengthening the nervous system; renewal of brain cells; improving emotional tone and mood; increasing vitality and performance; slowing down the aging process; protection against diseases of the intestines and stomach, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis and a number of other diseases. Colostrum contains a minimum of 37 immune factors and 8 growth factors that help the body fight disease and promote good health and longevity. The classes of immunoglobulins contained in colostrum, which represent the bulk of whey proteins, have been studied. Colostrum is a limited source of raw materials, its production period is short, there are many opportunities for industrial use, but due to the small amount of raw materials, the market remains undeveloped, with the exception of food additives. Taking into account the extensive therapeutic and medicinal properties of colostrum, its unique composition and properties, its composition and physicochemical properties were investigated, the fractionation parameters were determined using various systems. To process the experimental studies, the STATISTICA 12 software package was used. To obtain the regression equation, the matrix data were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. The analysis of the data obtained indicates the possibility and prospects of using colostroma in food production technology.

The saccharification stage in ethanol production is one of the main ones. Completeness of dextrins and starch ejection considered in the fermentation compartment and, consequently, quantity of production losses, quality and yield of the final product depends on the correctness of this process. Optimization of the process of saccharification of digested mass was carried out by the method of complete factor experiment with the use of the central composite rotatable uniform planning experiment. The following factors were selected as controllable: dosage of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L; temperature; pH and duration of hydrolysis. The dosage of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L and the duration of the process have the greatest influence on the process of saccharification. The significance of the regression coefficients was determined by Student's test, the adequacy of the regression equation - by Fisher's test at a significance level of 5%, the convergence of parallel determinations - by Kochner's test. It was found that the use of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L increased the accumulation of glucose by 40.5% compared with the control. To determine the optimal mode of saccharification the Lagrange multiplier method was used. It was found that the maximum accumulation of glucose in the wort of 12 g/100 ml was achieved at the following regimes: the dosage of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L 4.8 units GlS/g starch; temperature 60.2 C; pH 4.55 units; duration of saccharification 2.05 h.

According to the World Health Organization, oncological diseases are a common cause of mortality in the population, as a result of which the development of measures aimed at the prevention of carcinogenesis is urgent. This study is devoted to obtaining a probiotic consortium consisting of bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy person, with the further prospect of its use in anticancer therapy in the form of a biologically active additive (BAA) in specialized food products. The object of the study was bacteria isolated from the feces of a healthy person, and consortia based on them. The identification of bacteria and the study of antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, antitumor properties, resistance to antibiotics, acidic medium and bile of bacteria and consortia based on them were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The results of the study are the formation of consortia of isolated and identified bacteria: № 1 – B. bifidum, B. breve, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, № 2 – B. bifidum, B. breve, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, № 3 – B. breve, L. fermentum, S. salivarius, № 4 – B. breve, L. fermentum, S. thermophiles exhibiting probiotic properties. Consortium № 2 showed antimicrobial activity to the largest number of test cultures; moderate resistance to the largest number of antibiotics – № 1 and № 2; the highest antioxidant activity – № 1, the most pronounced anti-cancer properties in relation to HepG2, LBR2, MDA-MB-231, U87 and Panc-1 – № 4, and to MCF-7 – № 3; the greatest resistance to environments with low acidity and bile – № 2. According to the results of the study, it can be said that the isolated strains, like the consortia based on them, had antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, showed an antitumor effect, resistance to antibiotics, bile and an acidic environment, so that they can be used as probiotic agents in the form of dietary supplements and specialized lactic acid products for the prevention of carcinogenesis.

One of the promising directions in baking at present is the replacement of wheat flour in the production of bread and bakery products with other types of raw materials. A study of the influence of secondary apple raw materials (frozen apple pomace) on the organoleptic (shape, surface, colour, bakedness, mix, porosity, taste, smell) and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed bread samples was carried out. The prototype was a unified wheat bread recipe. In this recipe, part of the wheat flour was replaced with rice: in bread sample No. 1 - 25% rice flour; in sample No. 2 - 12.5% ??rice flour. Also the sugar provided by the standard recipe was replaced by 10% of frozen apple pomace. The amount of other ingredients in the recipe remained unchanged. The quality indicators of baked bread samples were examined using organoleptic and physicochemical methods. Organoleptic assessment was carried out using a five-point scale for assessing the quality of bread. According to the results of the study of the organoleptic indicators of the quality of the developed samples of bread, it was found that they exceeded the control sample. In this case, the sample with fresh frozen apple pomace and rice flour in the amount of 12.5% turned out to be the best. A sample of bread with freshly frozen apple pomace and 25% rice flour was inferior to it only in porosity (the presence of small voids). In terms of physical and chemical indicators, all samples of wheat bread with the addition of apple raw materials and rice flour, as well as the control one, met the requirements of regulatory documents. It has been experimentally established that apple pomace affects the increase in the content of iron and phosphorus in bread. Pre-soaking the pomace in an oil-water emulsion improved the rheological properties of the dough and the porosity of the finished product.

Currently, fur farming products are becoming more and more in demand. With the increase in the number of fur-bearing animals, it is necessary to produce compound feeds that provide high quality furs with minimal feed costs. Compound feed recipes with a fat content of 20% and higher were developed for fur animals. Feeding fodder in the form of granules produced by the technology, one of the stages of which is the process of granulating compound fodders with a high fat content with reasonable operating parameters of the granulator press, is expedient. Process studies using the method of statistical planning of a multivariate experiment were carried out to determine the optimal granulation parameters. The following factors influencing the process under consideration were chosen: the amount of added fat, the steam consumption, the gap between the roll and the press die. Specific energy consumption and crumbling served as criteria for assessing the influence of the selected parameters, which make it possible to assess adequately the efficiency of the process. The data obtained showed that the process of pelleting compound feed at optimal parameters makes it possible to obtain pellets, the quality of which meets the requirements of the standard. All the data obtained were within the calculated confidence intervals of the optimization parameters. The change in the quality indicators of the obtained granulated compound feed during storage was also investigated in the work. Changes in the quality of granulated compound feed during storage testified that the values of total acidity and acid number of fat increased significantly after two months of storage due to hydrolysis of fat in conditions of free oxygen access. The value of the peroxide number of fat, which reflects the depth of oxidative changes in the compound feed, increased sharply after two months of storage. The content of vitamins A and E during the storage of compound feed for 45 days in summer was 12.3% and 10.5% of the initial values, respectively. The recommended shelf life of granulated feed with a high fat content in winter-spring period is 60 days, in summer - 45 days.

The article presents some theoretical and experimental data on promising technologies, namely, the processes of obtaining artificial food materials such as spheres or "caviar". They are derived from molecular processes: solubilization, spherification, etc. Possible applications are the food industry, the food service industry, biotechnology, and others. There are different features of obtaining artificial products based on alginates. The peculiarities of the alginate structuring are that it is possible to form a gel layer-encapsulation and gel formation over the entire thickness of the product due to the special chemical properties of the fixing salt. Based on the theory of the molecular structure of biopolymers, molecular technologies for the synthesis of artificial food products were developed, using the example of molecular "caviar". As a result of our own experiments, we obtained a satisfactory encapsulated product from a biopolymer crosslinked with Ca2+ salts in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical properties. The colloidal biopolymer solution for forming "eggs" was characterized using the method of rotational viscometry, which showed the features of the sodium alginate solution as a structured thixotropic material, which is characterized by" difficulty " of shear at low speeds of rotation of the viscometer rotor. Further on the rheogram, such material exhibits a predicted relatively stable flow. As a result, it can be used to produce semi-finished products of a given shape and texture as a food semi-finished product or product. If the technology is refined, it is possible to use colloidal systems based on alginates and other biopolymers in biotechnology, including the cultivation of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups.

Endurance in sprint running is determined by the runner's ability to maintain maximum high speed at a distance and resist its decline due to fatigue that occurs during running. At present, recommendations for the development of sprint endurance are mainly intended for athletes using various means and methods of sports training. The development of this quality in athletes with the use of nutritional improvement technology has mainly general recommendations. Thanks to the nitrate contained in beets, the body absorbs more oxygen and fatigue less during exercise, contributing to the aerobic process. The main task of our work was: to determine the indicators of endurance in sprint running (repeated running of 100 m segments 5-6 times with the determination of the average), and to substantiate the methodology for the development of this quality in athletes using the technology of taking probiotics. The experimental data made it possible to reveal the effectiveness of the applied methodology for the development of endurance in sprint running. Moreover, the greatest effect was achieved using the method of circular training, with the inclusion of the means of speed-strength training in combination with running, as well as repeated running of short and long segments (30-200 m), alternating in one lesson, with a gradual decrease in the rest intervals. The experimental group that took beet juice showed a higher endurance increase in an average of 0.5 seconds than the control group, which allows us to draw a conclusion about the importance of taking nitrate in beets and its positive effect on the endurance of sprinters.

The experimental studies of the amino acid composition of the skimmed cow milk fermented with kefir corns, natural kurunga symbiotic starter and bacterial concentrate of the microbial consortium (BСMC) have been carried out. The bacterial concentrate of the microbial consortium is intended for the preparation of a fermented milk beverage of mixed fermentation – kurunga. The microbial consortium obtained by autoselection of population of kefir corn starter and thermophilic lactobacteriums Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilum has been used to prepare BCMC. The amino acid analysis of the samples has been carried out by IC method with postcolumn derivatization of amino acids ninhydrin in the acid hydrolyzate of the sample on INGOSAAA-400 amino acid analyzer. The most of essential amino acids has been found in kefir – 434 mg/g of protein. In the samples prepared with natural starter and bacterial concentrate, the total amount of essential amino acids has been 401.84 and 403.8 mg/g of protein, respectively. Exogenous amino acids are essential for the growth of lactics and yeast. The difference in the total amount of the essential amino acids in the samples, probably, caused by the proteolytic activity of the starters and the growth requirements of the microorganisms. The assessment of the bioavailability has been carried out by the method of I.A. Rogov and N.N. Lipatov according to the coefficients of differences between the amino-acid score (CDAS) and bioavailability. The amino-acid scoring studies have shown that the protein in the studied samples is characterized by a complete composition. According to bioavailability, the kurunga samples exceeded kefir by 0.55-0.75%. The obtained results indicate that according to the biochemical activity, the bacterial concentrate of the microbial consortium is practically identical to kurunga prepared with natural starter. It makes possible to obtain a product bioavailably identical to a traditional beverage.

Currently, the Russian market of phospholipase A2 enzyme preparations is represented by commercial preparations of foreign manufacturers: Nagase (Japan) and Maxapal (the Netherlands). However, the growing demand and the need to reduce the cost of production of phospholipase A2 require the development of new super-producers of phospholipase A2. In this connection, the aim of the work is to compare the expression of recombinant phospholipase A2 in Komagataella phaffii depending on the modification of the alpha-factor signaling peptide. The object of the study is the recipient yeast strain Komagataella phaffii X-33. The studies were conducted in accordance with generally accepted norms and approaches. Phospholipase A2 genes from Streptomyces violaceoruber were used for this worK. The target sequences were synthesized in the company "Eurogen" (Russia) and cloned as part of the TE vector pUC57. In the course of the work, the genetic constructs pPICZaA-Pla2 and PPICZmf4iA-Pla2 containing the Streptomyces violaceoruber phospholipase A2 gene were assembled under the native signal a-MF and its modification mf4i. The transformation of the yeast Komagataella phaffii X-33 with the obtained genetic constructs was also carried out. As a result of the conducted studies, it was shown that on average, there were no significant differences in the level of expression and specific activity of recombinant phospholipase A2 in methylotrophic yeast K. Phaffii X-33 when using the native a-MF secretion signal and its modified version mf4i. However, the use of the secretion factor mf4i allows for higher production of phospholipase A2 in individual clones. The obtained data indicate the prospects of using the secretion factor mf4i to create super-producers of enzymes based on yeast K. Phaffii X-33.

Smart materials are a group of materials that exhibit the ability to change their composition or structure, their electrical and/or mechanical properties, or even their functions in response to an external stimulus such as heat, light, electricity, pressure, etc. Some of the advantages of these materials are: lightweight, flexibility, low cost of production, high energy density, fast response and compact size. One of the promises in the area of smart materials can be found in “smart polymer”. Polymers have many attractive characteristics, such as: lightweight, inexpensiveness, fractures tolerant, and pliable. Furthermore, they can be configured into almost any conceivable shape and their properties can be tailored according to the required needs. The capability of electroactive polymers (EAPs) to respond to electrical stimuli with a mechanical response, is attracting the attention of the scientific community from a wide range of disciplines. Biopolymers in recent decades have been studied as potential electroactive materials. These groups of polymers are extracted from a natural source; thus, they are eco-friendly, additionally they stand as a cheaper solution for the development of smart materials.The present manuscript will explore some of its applications as EAPs.

The current state of development of the economy of the Russian Federation causes the appearance of a number of urgent problems related to improving production and increasing the level of environmentally safe products, in particular paints and varnishes combined with high performance properties of coatings based on them. In this regard, the advantages and disadvantages of aqueous dispersions based on polymers in the presence of various modifiers that are widely used in the paint and varnish industry were analyzed. This article discusses the problem of stability conditions for mixed materials of epoxy-acrylic type and the establishment of a relationship between the composition of the film-forming base and the performance properties of coatings. The purpose of this study is to create new water-dispersion paints and varnishes based on mixed epoxy-acrylic film-formers for coatings with increased hardness, wear resistance, elasticity and adhesion. The analysis of the main types of water-based film-forming agents is carried out. It is proposed to use mixed systems of film-formers based on epoxy-acrylic dispersions. It was established by standard methods that by combining dispersions of acrylic and epoxy types it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the wear resistance of the compositions (almost 2 times) in comparison with the wear resistance of materials based on acrylic. The adhesion of coatings to substrates of various nature (except for brick) increases with an increase in the content of the epoxy component. In terms of performance, acrylic epoxy can be more effective than acrylic and can be used in humid environments. An increase in the performance properties of these materials in comparison with acrylate systems has been confirmed. It should be noted that an additional task in the development of any building materials is affordability. It is known that not all dispersions are cheap, for example, in the presence of silicone polymers, dispersions are expensive, so they are used only when necessary. To improve operational properties and reduce the cost of protective coatings, we proposed using composite materials, which included styrene-acrylic and epoxy aqueous dispersions. In the future, it is planned to create “smart” materials whose properties will depend on functional fillers.

The operation of the primary oil refining unit is considered. An analysis of the operation of the operating column K-1 showed that there are noticeable fluctuations in the operating mode of the apparatus in the summer and cold season, as a result, a change in the temperature of the column top and a deterioration in the clarity of fraction rectification were observed. To study the methods of adjusting the parameters of the K-1 topping column, a computational experiment was carried out using the UniSim Design modeling system, in which the models of the apparatus and the installation model as a whole were formed. The Peng-Robinson method was used as a mathematical package for calculating the thermodynamic properties of the mixture components. Comparison of the calculated performance of the two options for the equipment of the column K-1. According to the first version, the operation of the K-1 column was simulated, in which the raw material enters the 19 tray, the hot stream is fed to the bottom of the column to the 24 tray, oil reflux to the 5 tray, acute irrigation and a partial condenser are used. Unstable technological regimes of the column top were observed in this variant in industrial conditions. To assess the fundamental possibility of changing the hardware design of the K-1 column, another option was chosen, in which there is no acute irrigation and oil irrigation, at the same time, upper circulating irrigation was introduced from the 5th to the 1st tray with cooling the flow and the technological scheme of forming and feeding the hot jet was preserved. Comparison of the fractional compositions of the topped oil showed that for the considered options, there are practically similar calculated estimates, while the use of upper circulating irrigation allows not only to unload the upper part of the distillation column from the heat load, but also to use a significant heat flow of the cooler of the upper circulating irrigation for preheating oil , which will also reduce the consumption of liquid fuel for furnaces.

The structure of a multicomponent system including phthalic acid esters has been studied using the methods of infrared spectroscopy and proton magnetic resonance. The obtained spectrograms are analyzed, indicating the presence of peaks corresponding to certain radicals present in the assumed structure of the main organic compounds of the multicomponent system. The presence of bromine atoms in the radicals of the molecules that make up the phthalate-containing system is established. The structure of the molecules of the basic component of the brominated system is shown. Spectral studies have confirmed the classical model of bromine addition at the site of double carbon-carbon bonds in the phthalate radical. It is established that the brominated multicomponent physico-chemical system is represented to a greater extent by esters of o-phthalic acid. The solubility parameter of the system under study is determined by the calculation method. The solubility parameter 35.3 (kJ/m3)0.5 was experimentally confirmed for a brominated phthalate-containing system. It is shown that the Small formula used to calculate the parameters of individual substances can be used to estimate the parameters of complex multicomponent systems. Polymer materials with the minimum values of deviations in the solubility parameter with the system under study, for which ~±1.5, are determined. It is established that the system under study can be used as an effective plasticizer of polybutyl acrylate, polyisoprene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate.

A technology for safe and energy efficient storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at strategic facilities has been proposed. A strategy for controlling the technological parameters of the process of condensation of LPG vapors and regasification of the liquid phase has been developed. The peculiarity of the technology lies in the use of a vapor compression heat pump as a source of alternative energy with stabilization of temperature regimes, preventing LPG losses and providing a given regasification performance when supplied to the consumer. The compressor of the heat pump allows to provide the required degree of compression in the operating temperature range in the heat pump condenser, and throttling of the refrigerant through the thermostatic valve ensures the stabilization of the required pressure corresponding to the set range of values of the boiling points of the refrigerant in the evaporator. The regulation of these parameters under conditions of random disturbances caused by external factors creates conditions for the complete condensation of LPG vapors of various compositions formed as a result of its self-evaporation, and also maintains the productivity of the regasification process in the range of specified values, regardless of the climatic zone. The proposed automatic control will ensure the accuracy and reliability of control by reducing the spread of controlled parameters, ensuring their variation in a given range, which is a significant reserve for the intensification of thermal processes while reducing the magnitude of the fire risk and increasing the environmental safety of the environment, including through the use of harmless, non-flammable, non-explosive refrigerant. The use of operational information from the control object to regulate the temperature regimes of condensation of vapors of liquefied hydrocarbon gas in the evaporator and its regasification in the condenser of a vapor compression heat pump within the specified values creates optimal conditions for storing and dispensing gas in large-capacity tanks with minimal energy costs.

The introduction of fillers into various materials improves its technological, physical and mechanical properties, and leads to a decrease in cost. The main areas of application of natural and synthetic calcium carbonate as highly dispersed fillers are: the construction industry, the production of Portland cement, mineral fertilizers, glass, paper, polymer composite materials, paints and varnishes, and rubbers. A promising direction at present is the use of production by-products as fillers, for example, conversion calcium carbonate - a waste product from the production of a complex mineral fertilizer - nitroammophoska. However, its use in the above areas is limited by the content of water-soluble nitrogen-containing impurities, impurities of heavy metals, strontium carbonate, phosphates, etc. The analysis of scientific, technical and patent literature on methods of purification of conversion calcium carbonate has been carried out. These methods are based on the extraction of impurities from the initial product of calcium carbonate production - a melt of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate by precipitation with various reagents, followed by the isolation of an insoluble precipitate (impurities) and processing of the purified melt into calcium carbonate and nitroammofoska. A method is proposed for the extraction of acid-tonic-soluble iron-containing impurities from the initial calcium nitrate melt in order to obtain a cleaner by-product - conversion calcium carbonate, which will expand the scope of its application. An effective method is to dilute the initial calcium nitrate melt with a 60% solution of ammonium nitrate to a calcium content of 12-13%, followed by the isolation of an acid-insoluble precipitate in a vacuum filter, conversion of the purified calcium nitrate solution with ammonium carbonate and separation of the resulting suspension in a drum filter. The described method can reduce the amount of iron-containing impurities by more than 50%.

A technological scheme for the synthesis of an aluminosilicate sorbent in laboratory conditions using clay from the Semilukskoye deposit has been developed. When the sorbent sample is heated in the range of 30-225 ° C, a loss of free moisture occurs, in the temperature range of 405-550 ° C, bound water begins to evaporate and decomposition of organic substances occurs. The sorption of sodium sulfide by the sorbent surface has been studied. The constants ? and n are determined in the Freundlich equation A = 1.38 ? C1.19. Formed specific surface area S = 12.8 m2 / g. A comparative study of the acid-base properties of the surface of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent and diatomite Celite 545 60/80 MESH by the indicator method has been carried out. The adsorption on the acid-base centers of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent surface is higher than the adsorption on the diatomite surface. On the surface of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent, there are both acidic (pK = 1.7; 3.46) and basic (pK = 18.8; 9.2) Bronsted centers The pore volume of the synthesized aluminosilicate sorbent corresponds to 0.25 cm3 / g. This value is less than the pore volume of diatomite 1.86 cm3 / g.

Composites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polysaccharides (PS) have significant potential for use as compostable packaging materials, as well as in various fields of crop production. PVS are produced by the industry of various brands that differ in molecular weight (MM) and the residual content of vinyl acetate (BA) groups, and as a result - the degree of hydrolysis. Depending on the brand of PVA and the nature of the filler, such properties of composites based on them as water resistance, strength, degree of bioconversion, etc.will differ significantly. The purpose of the work: a comprehensive assessment of the properties of high-filled composites based on PVA of various brands, differing in the degree of hydrolysis, and polysaccharides. Objects of research: composites obtained by direct combination of a 5% solution of PVA (grades 1799, VS-05, BP-05, KurarayPoval 3-83) and PS powder (wood microcellulose - MCD, corn native starch - KK), with and without the addition of a plasticizer (P) - glycerin, followed by dehydration in air or in a vacuum drying cabinet. Based on the presence of external defects after dehydration and the strength characteristics of the material, it was found that for PVA-1799 it is possible to achieve a filling degree of 80 vol.%, for a PVA BP-05, VS-05 KurarayPoval and 3-83-no more than 50 vol.% without plasticizer and up to 70 vol.% in the presence of a plasticizer. It is noted that when filling PVA with starch up to 50 vol.% dehydrated composites are transparent or semi-transparent, which gives them additional advantages as packaging materials (including film). For composites based on PVA-1799, it was found that the maximum water absorption (250% by weight) has a PVA filled with MCD (20: 80 vol.%), and the introduction of a plasticizer (5 vol.% ) significantly reduces the degree of water absorption (up to 150% by weight), which is not typical for this brand of PVA filled with CC (water absorption was about 50% by weight with and without plasticizer). Composites based on PVA grades VS-05, BP-05, KurarayPoval 3-83 dissolve in water at room temperature for 5-10 minutes. During the preliminary assessment of the biodegradation of the studied PVA-1799 composites, it was found that micro-cracks and areas with immobilized microbiota were observed in the polymer matrix during microscopy after 6 months of composting and soil testing, however, no significant damage to the integrity of the polymer of this brand occurred during the specified composting period, which emphasizes the complex nature of the biodegradation of PVA with high MM and low content of VA groups.

The increased interest in ultrafiltration technology in the last decade is caused by the search for new purification methods that allow obtaining high-quality drinking water that meets modern regulatory requirements. Modern water purification schemes use an ultrafiltration unit before reverse osmosis in softening, desalination and demineralization of water for food production. The pore size of ultrafiltration membranes ranges from 5 nm to 0.05-0.1 microns. Using ultrafiltration instead of the traditional water treatment scheme, makes it possible to obtain water with a low content of suspended and colloidal substances, increase the productivity and serviceability of reverse osmosis membranes. The water treatment scheme may contain the following modules: coarse filter; ultrafiltration unit, buffer tank; mixer; water container; reverse osmosis installation; pumps. The method of differential scanning microscopy is used to assess the quality of water during its purification. Water samples were cooled with liquid nitrogen to -30 ? and then heated to 30 ?. Crystals melting peaks were recorded on the DSC curves, and the thermal effect was calculated. During the water purification process, the value of the thermal effect of frozen water samples melting declines (from 515.1 to 261.2 J / g), the value of the temperatures at the onset (from 0.7 to -0.13 ?) and at the peak of crystal melting (from 7.45 up to 4.27 ?). The difference between the heat effect data for water samples after coarse filtration and ultrafiltration is small, which indicates that the ultrafiltration unit allows cations and anions to pass through, which preserves the salt balance of water.

The influence of different types of silica, differing in quality characteristics, on the complex modulus of rubbers, their elastic modulus, loss modulus, and also on the tangent of angle of mechanical loss are investigated. Mineral fillers silica 1 and silica 2 are introduced at a dosage of 80.00 phr into filled elastomeric compositions based on combination of synthetic styrene-butadiene and polybutadiene rubbers, used for the manufacture of treads for passenger tires. The tests are carried out on a dynamic mechanical analyzer by cyclic compression of vulcanizates in the temperature range 20–70°С. It is established that vulcanizates with silica 2 are characterized by 8–56% lower value of the complex modulus. It is revealed that rubbers containing a silica 2, depending on temperature, have 13–36% lower values of the elastic modulus and 19–46% lower values of the loss modulus in comparison with samples filled with silica 2. It is determined that in the temperature range from 20 to 70°C vulcanizates with silica 2 are characterized by 7–12% lower values of the tangent of angle of mechanical loss. As a result of the study, it is established that it is the most expedient to introduce mineral filler silica 2 into the formulation of tread rubber compounds for passenger tires. This will make it possible to obtain vulcanizates with increased elasticity and adhesion to the road surface, as well as lower heat losses to the environment and fuel consumption.

The scientific article presents the results of the analysis of the state of functioning of agricultural enterprises. The natural and economic situation in the region makes it possible to intensively develop the production of marketable products in all sectors of the agro-industrial complex, including fruit and vegetable growing in terms of profitability. Fruit and vegetable products are one of the most important types that are in high demand among the population and consumers outside the region. The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the North Caucasus Federal District. Studies have shown that the main factors determining the growth of the gross production of vegetables and berries is the expansion of areas for fruit and berry crops by half by 2010. Based on the research carried out, it is confirmed that the use of intensive technologies in the production of fruits and berries provides a fairly high increase in yield. Due to the fact that fruit and berry crops are perishable food products, it is necessary to bring them to the end consumer in a presentable form as soon as possible. One of the problems often encountered for the further development of fruit and berry production is the incompletely established links between producers and various services that perform the functions of storage, transportation, processing and delivery of products to end consumers. Therefore, farms of all categories should take into account first and foremost when developing policies for managing production activities and forecasting. Increasing the efficiency of production of fruit and berry products and continuous saturation of the consumer market with high-quality fruit and berry products is possible in the context of the introduction of the introduction of intensive methods of agricultural technology, strengthening of state support measures in the context of the application of the results of analysis of the effectiveness of the activities of farms of all categories. An increase in the gross yield of fruits and berries can be achieved as a result of planting orchards using adapted varieties that are resistant to current climatic conditions.

The article presents the results of the analysis of three main strategies included in the brand management system. Brand management involves the development of a long-term plan that describes in detail the formation of strategic images and brand image, the expected dynamics of its brand development, and the response to changes in the external environment, market and consumer perceptions. Management strategies are used to achieve key brand development goals. First of all, branded products must be unique and differ favorably from competitors' products, which today is quite difficult in the context of globalization. Strategic brand management allows you to solve this problem by analyzing the market situation and using unusual methods to attract the attention of consumers. In order to increase the value of the product, it is necessary to build an emotional and trusting connection with the contact audience. A finely built emotional connection allows you to find a client who is not only suitable for the product, but also who will recommend it to his closest environment. When branding creates an emotional connection with customers, it allows you to increase market share, get more value for money, and grow your brand. In the face of tough competition in today's markets, it is very difficult for new brands to occupy a profitable niche. But it is worth remembering that the promoted brands gained popularity thanks to certain strategies that will be very effective today. Brand management includes three, interconnected in a single complex, strategies: brand promotion strategy, brand advertising strategy and brand positioning strategy. Many businesses and organizations, while recognizing the value and positive impact of a strong brand on sales, are rather vague about their brand strategy and future development. It is worth remembering that strategic brand management is necessary not only when a new brand is being created, but also in those cases when it is necessary to revive or renew an existing trademark.

In the context of the systemic reform of the Russian economy, there is a tendency to the emergence of corporations in various sectors of the national economy. The military-industrial complex is no exception. The article deals with the specifics of property management of corporations of the military-industrial complex in the production of high-tech products. To achieve the strategic goals of the corporation, it is necessary to develop a strategy based on objective forecasts of the development of the arms market, taking into account potential external and internal risks, as well as an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the corporation. Corporate governance is based on the existing norms in the field of financial activities, securities, labor relations in the labor market, contractual obligations, and contractual activities between enterprises. It is proved that the adaptive development of corporations of the military-industrial complex directly depends on the competent organization of financial activities, as well as within its framework of credit and investment activities. The article presents the balance sheet model of financing of the defense industry corporation, which allows to form the budget of the defense industry corporation, based on the allocation of financial resources for the operation and development of the main activities of the defense industry corporation. One of the most important tasks of managing the property of corporations of the military-industrial complex is to provide opportunities for scientific and technological development, which, after commercialization, can create key strategic competitive advantages for enterprises of the defense industry corporation.

Currently, new and updated tools for controlling personnel as specific methods of personnel management are being used with varying degrees of success. The subject of the research is the essential aspects and content features of management relations that develop during the formation and development of controlling personnel of processing organizations. The purpose of the research is to provide theoretical justification and instrumental support for the processes of personnel controlling based on the use of the advantages of the divergent approach for the full use of the creative component of management decisions. The methodological basis of the research is the methods that reveal the logic of the presentation: General scientific – dialectics (deductive, inductive), system; private scientific – historical, matrix, comparison. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of provisions aimed at substantiating the conditions that contribute to the formation of divergent thinking in solving managerial control tasks of the organization with the tools of personnel controlling. In contrast to the existing functional approaches, it is recommended to apply a process-oriented approach to personnel control, which contributes to the implementation of synergy and emergence in the course of displaying the creativity of human capital to ensure the competitiveness of a developing processing organization.

When entering the integrated structure of a subsidiary, it is obliged to comply with the established regulations for building the process of innovative development established in this structure. In the considered real subsidiary, innovative development should be developed in accordance with the following documents: an innovative development program for 5 years, a medium-term innovative development program for 3 years, a diversification strategy for 5 years and a business development strategy for 5 years. The main goal of the innovative development of any enterprise should be to ensure high competitive advantages of the enterprise by purposefully adapting internal resources to new areas of activity and introducing new technological developments, building an infrastructure for the development and production of new innovative products and services. The management system for the implementation of the process of innovative development at the enterprise provides for planning in innovative development programs activities for R&D both for civilian and defense products, and strategies provide methods and ways of their implementation. One of the main issues in the process of forming the innovative development of an enterprise is the formation of an innovative infrastructure, which is a complex of interrelated structures, resources and means that serve and ensure the introduction of innovations and the implementation of innovative processes. One of the most important problems that currently have to be solved by enterprises implementing innovative processes is the staffing of this process. It makes no sense to count on success in the innovative development of an enterprise if it does not have experienced managers and a sufficient number of specialists with the necessary knowledge and intellectual capital. Thus, carrying out innovative transformations at an enterprise is a rather risky business and therefore such an enterprise needs managers who are able to clearly understand the inevitability of an innovative path of development and the willingness to implement it.

Fertilizers are used all over the world to maintain the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security. A balanced application of fertilizers increases crop yields, while increasing the amount of food and enriching the soil with essential nutrients. Russia is one of the leading producers of fertilizers, which is due to sufficient natural reserves. The study of the domestic fertilizer market, its state and prospects are considered in the aggregate of the production base, logistics and marketing features, the ways of further development are outlined using such scientific methods as: observation, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and comparison, monographic. The global fertilizer market is highly competitive. Russia not only occupies a strong position in it, but also provides domestic demand. But the level of fertilizer application in Russia is lower than in developed countries, which suggests an increase in the need for fertilizers in the future. Therefore, the further expansion of the domestic market is associated with the development of the material and technical base of agricultural producers, who need not only funds for the purchase of fertilizers, but also equipment for their application. To stimulate domestic demand, it is necessary to encourage private investment in every possible way, to use public-private and public-cooperative partnerships in creating the infrastructure of the fertilizer market; expand the range of fertilizers at the expense of the brand range, attract small agricultural producers, peasant (farmer) farms and households to the market. It is necessary to create conditions for the organization of cooperatives to supply small farms with fertilizers, which will reduce the cost of purchasing them and will contribute to increasing production and increasing the availability of food products, and thus achieve the goal of the agricultural sector in the context of broader macroeconomic objectives of society – improving the quality of life of the population.

The article considers the process of branding as a means of self-promotion and personal expression. When conducting the study, the authors used the theory of consumer behavior of A. Maslow as a methodological basis, as well as the visual structures of the personality of Z. Freud, K. Jung. The aim of the study is to analyze the process of branding as a psycho-logical means of self-promotion and personality expression. During the study, general scientific methods of cognition were used within the framework of dialectical and systemic approaches, methods of logical and situational analysis. The main tasks of personal expression, solved with the help of brand products, have been identified. At the same time, the authors argue that the choice of brand products for self-promotion in all three cases is based on one psychological motive - self-realization and self-expression. It is shown that the brand brings additional income, since many consumers are ready to overpay, giving an additional amount of money for the opportunity to have a prestigious product even for a premium price. Brands have an emotional connection with consumers. Leading companies with famous brands have long noted for themselves that the connection of their goods with consumers lies through emotions. Brands help people fulfill their dreams, desires, open up more opportunities in life. The stronger and more significant the unique, rational and emotional characteristics of the brand for the consumer, the higher the price he is willing to pay for the product, the greater the opportunity for the company to profit. The increase in profits in turn leads to an increase in the value of shares and to an increase in the value of the company itself, since the brand is a kind of intangible asset. Brand ownership is a winning result of the history of the company, the fate of its founders and executives, skillful talented brand makers. Not every name of the company can be called a brand, not everyone is destined to become one, not everyone is given to maintain the level of the brand. Having a brand means that even with approximately equal consumer and other properties, the product will buy more, the idea will have more adherents.

Trends in the global economy require a revision of current approaches to resource conservation management, the use of new methods to improve the efficiency of socio-economic systems, and integrated organizational design. The purpose, objectives and principles of functional cost analysis are disclosed. Its place and importance in the production management system and for improving economic calculations are shown. Attention is paid to the development of methodological and guidance materials for the organization and conduct of functional and cost analysis. An attempt is made to show its broad capabilities as a tool for improving enterprise management. Recommendations of an applied nature were developed, which specialists could use in practical work when implementing functional and cost analysis. The FSA method is implemented in various industries, regardless of their characteristics: industry, agriculture, transport, trade, service, tourism, as well as at various stages of production according to the technological process. The article sets and solves the following tasks: the theoretical aspects of the development of management decisions based on the results of the analysis of the company's functional strategies using the functional cost analysis method are considered; the concept and classification of methods of developing and making management decisions are revealed; the essence, purpose, features, application of the functional cost analysis method are revealed; organizational and methodological aspects of the application of the functional cost analysis method are revealed.; The author develops and presents the procedure for selecting management decisions from alternative options in the management of operational (production) activities of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise Shkolny Kombinat. The development of a management solution is one of the most important management processes, on the effectiveness of which the success of the entire organization largely depends. A professional manager must possess modern technologies for the development, adoption, and implementation of management decisions, without which effective management of an organization in a difficult economic environment is almost impossible

The international fertilizer market developing dynamically. Domestic producers of fertilizers are not only the largest exporters of these products to world markets, but also almost completely meet the demand in the domestic market. Following the provisions of sustainable development, the state regulation of the fertilizer market should determine and guarantee the safety of the production, transportation, storage and use of fertilizers for both humans and the environment. The purpose of the study is to study and systematize a set of regulatory documents regulating the market of fertilizers, taking into account the domestic and foreign trade interests of Russia, comparing domestic and foreign legislation on the studied problem. For this purpose, classical methods and economic methods of research were chosen: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. The law of direct action regulating the turnover of fertilizers has not been adopted in Russia, although such laws are applied in a number of countries, and they are aimed at regulating the chain of passage of fertilizers from the producer to the consumer. The structure of Russian fertilizer legislation is not linear. At the same time, the Russian system of state regulation of fertilizer turnover includes numerous and diverse regulatory and legal acts, including international ones. The analysis of the existing regulatory documents on the regulation of the fertilizer market revealed the need to harmonize legislation in terms of an integrated approach and taking into account intersectoral features: the agricultural sector unites both large and small, and medium-sized participants, while the production of fertilizers is monopolized. The development of the domestic fertilizer market is constrained by the multi-vector standards laid down in the development strategies of the agricultural sector and the chemical industry. The state policy of fertilizer circulation is characterized by inconsistency and incoherent sectoral legislation, the lack of necessary coordination of the regulation of the fertilizer market with the needs of domestic agriculture. It is necessary to introduce the concepts of new types of fertilizers in the national standards in the near future, as well as to launch public-private partnership mechanisms to saturate the domestic market with new innovative fertilizers.

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. The high level of globalization characteristic of the modern economy has only exacerbated the negative impact of the pandemic. At the moment, it remains impossible to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the damage caused to the economies of countries and regions by this event. However, it is possible to identify the main directions of analysis of the consequences of the pandemic, including in terms of the impact on the state of the labor market, which was the main goal of this study. In particular, the authors highlight a number of consequences, the work on overcoming which is still to be done by the Russian socio-economic system. The most obvious of them is the growth of unemployment, the release of part of the employed and the reduction in the number of jobs, and this is observed extremely unevenly across the sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the authors point out that the problem of staff release is aggravated by the size of the share of informal employment in the labor market, especially in the sectors of public catering, leisure and tourism that have been most affected by the pandemic. As the second important problem, the authors point to ineffective staff reduction, the dismissal of useful and valuable employees of some organizations while maintaining an unnecessarily bloated staff of others. It also mentions the reasons and forms of staff retention, some of which, being either forced or economically and technologically attractive, give rise to additional problems. The authors call an important social consequence of the pandemic a reduction in the number and level of personal contacts in society, in particular, in working groups. As a result, the author's vision of the long-term consequences of current events for the state of the labor market, employment of the population and the economy as a whole is proposed.)

Practical modeling uses not only theoretical approaches, but also management issues, therefore, it is not entirely correct to compare theoretical and mathematical models. The concept of demand exists as an independent unit, has an independent meaning, and the demand model is represented in the form of an increasing curve and, like any model, contains various explicit and implicit conditions. The paper provides an analysis of existing classification approaches on the adaptation of economic and mathematical models in the issue of finding the most appropriate criteria for optimality from the point of view of using the mathematical apparatus. A detailed representation of the top-level structure is given, reflecting the basic requirements for the information necessary for drawing up a model passport, and conditions are also given that limit the area of existence of an operator that determines the corresponding payment matrix of an arbitrary game. The possibility of establishing the number of restrictions on the used variants of the game, which does not change the content of the game, is analyzed, which will allow choosing the most optimal strategies for each case. The proposed and justified, from the point of view of mathematical formalization, approach to making the most optimal decision on managing the behavior of a commercial organization based on preliminary monitoring of economic functioning is of interest from the point of view of the following aspects: the possibility of identifying the key elements that determine the system in choosing a format that characterizes the state of the elements of interest; development of a virtual model that reproduces the behavioral features of the modeled system.

Regional social policy often acts as the activity of the subject in the person of federal authorities and public organizations. The main goal of such a policy is to achieve equal living conditions, developed infrastructure and social structures of the region. And the general coordination of state, regional and local interests is actually implemented with great difficulty and is very often replaced by centralized management. Since regions and subjects become targeted objects of federal authorities, regions are not always able to realize their own interests. To avoid this situation, the regions need to establish their independence in solving social problems. Currently, the social and economic development of the state directly depends on the level of development of the regions. The concept of "economic security" and "social security" are closely related to each other, since the economic security of both the country and the regions mainly consists of socio-economic indicators. In other words, the economic security of the state and its subjects depends on the level of their social security. As a result of the conducted research, threats to the economic (including social) security of the region were identified. The assessment of the level of social security of the regions that are part of the Central Black Earth Economic Region was carried out using the methodology of Gaifullin A. Yu.and Gaifullina M.M. (Institute of Socio-Economic Research), which showed a fairly high level of social security of the object under study – the Voronezh Region. Determined the effectiveness of regional social policy and the ways and measures to improve the social policy of the region, in particular, it is recommended to pay attention to demographic component of the social security, living standards of the population, education and culture, and strengthen the rule of law.

The need to assess the resource availability of the industrial enterprise at each stage of the life cycle is due to the limited resources available and the increase of their effective and rational use. The development of a methodical approach to assess the resource availability of the industrial enterprise will allow not only to diagnose the problems that have arisen or may arise at a particular stage of its life cycle, but also to anticipate changes in the market situation and respond in a timely manner. Resource provision is a set of necessary types of resources that an industrial enterprise has and uses them rationally in order to extend or restore the appropriate stage of the life cycle and further development. For industrial enterprises, the highest priority are such components of the resource provision of activities by stages of the life cycle as: "Financial and information-intellectual resources" at the stage of birth, "Personnel and production and sales resources" at the stage of growth, "Image resources and resources of economic security" at the stage of maturity and "Resources of economic security and information-intellectual resources" at the stage of crisis. On the basis of the presented priority components of the resource provision of the industrial enterprise the system of indicators, allowing to measure and control the process of its development at each stage of the life cycle, was formed. The developed methodology of assessing the resource availability of the industrial enterprise at various stages of its life cycle includes 7 stages. According to the presented methodological approach, the assessment of resource availability of actually operating industrial enterprise at various stages of its life cycle was carried out. The meat-processing enterprise of the Voronezh region (LLC "X") was chosen as the one under study. The resulting value of the integrated integral indicator of resource availability of the industrial enterprise under study at the stage of birth corresponds to a very high level, at the stage of growth - to the average and at the stage of maturity - very low, which indicates the lack of priority components of resource provision to overcome the growth stage and the transition to the stage of maturity. Based on the assessment of resource availability the possible directions for the further development of "X" LLC were proposed.

The complexity of innovation processes is associated with a high level of uncertainty in the results of bringing innovations to the market and their commercialization. The key task in the innovative development of business entities is the preventive assessment of innovations and the selection of the most promising for the implementation of innovative developments. This circumstance requires research and detailed elaboration of the methodological apparatus for assessing innovative developments. Purpose of the work: to carry out a criterion assessment of promising for the implementation of innovative developments, the transfer of which will provide a high level of return on investment, and will lead to an increase in the innovative activity of business entities. Research object: innovative developments (creation of our own, acquisition, copying). The proposed assessment of innovative development is based on the calculation of two criteria: payback period and versatility. The choice of the "payback period" criterion is based on two aspects. First of all, it determines the period for which the invested funds will be returned to the investor and determines the "profitability" of investments in innovative developments, since its calculation is directly related to cost and profit indicators. Evaluation of the quality indicators of the criterion "universality": novelty, inventive step, applicability, compliance with standards, the presence of competitors in the market is carried out by a point method with the help of experts. The results of the assessment reflect the recommendations on the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative developments, complement the overall assessment of innovative activities, in terms of including in the cost of new products the costs of creating an innovative development from a model within the framework of R&D, for the development of production and other possible costs associated with bringing the innovative development to use in production and commercialization.

The article is devoted to the study of an important scientific and practical problem on the disclosure of factors and conditions that stimulate the introduction of innovations in the financial sector. It has been studied that the processes of introducing digital technologies are relevant in all spheres of the economy. The financial environment is highly receptive to digital adoption. The emphasis is made on the fact that the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator is implementing a number of projects that stimulate the introduction of financial technologies in the country's banking sector. The main infrastructure projects of the Bank of Russia aimed at stimulating the development of fintech are considered. Among them: a unified biometric system, a system of fast payments, a marketplace of the Bank of Russia, a system for transmitting financial messages. The study revealed the weakness of the national regulatory system for the creation and implementation of digital technologies in the financial environment. The urgency of adapting the norms of financial law to the rapid spread of digital technologies has been substantiated. It has been proven that the acceleration of the pace of implementation of technological innovations not only opens up new opportunities for business improvement, but also carries obvious and hidden risks. Analysis of the research materials made it possible to structure the main potential threats that accompany the spread of digital technologies. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop systemic measures to create a favorable national innovation environment that stimulates financial innovation.

Freight transport is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. The increase in the efficiency of the logistics company is ensured by the accurate organization of supplies, as well as the timely delivery of goods to the points of the route. That is why there is a need to optimize the delivery of goods. A delivery task is a transport task of delivering oversized cargo from a distribution center to a multitude of recipients located in the area of operation of a transport company. It is a generalization of the well-known traveling salesman problem, from which it differs in the condition of the limited carrying capacity of the vehicle used and, as a consequence, the need to repeatedly return to the base to replenish the transported cargo. This article proposes to supplement the traditional formulation of the problem with the requirement to distribute customers among several simultaneously operating vehicles (TC) so that the maximum lead time is minimal. This takes into account not only the interests of the delivery contractor, but also the customers. The solution to the problem consists of two stages. On the first one, in some known way, rational ring routes for each vehicle are determined, minimizing the total mileage. Based on the results of the stage, the time for passing each route is calculated. At the second stage, the problem of reducing the maximum travel time of routes is solved by using several vehicles delivering at the same time. To do this, it is necessary to optimally distribute vehicles along individual routes. It is proposed to use the algorithm for solving the well-known problem "Packing items into containers" to solve this problem. This problem belongs to the class of NP-hard problems in the strong sense and does not have an exact solution algorithm for arbitrary input data. This paper proposes a complex solution method combining the well-known First fitted (FF) algorithm, the original First fitted with reordering (FFR) algorithm, and S. Martello's lower bounds and P. Thoth to control the optimality of the obtained solution. Test calculations have shown the effectiveness of this approach for a moderate dimension of the problem.

Entrepreneurship, being the basis of the market economy and developing steadily, contributes to the strengthening of economic stability in the country, to the full satisfaction of the needs of the population. The issues of economic security of entrepreneurship are poorly covered in the economic literature. Many scientists believe that the economic security of production is part of the system of economic security of the state, since without a normally functioning economy it is impossible to ensure the economic security of any type of entrepreneurial activity. Economic security in a broad sense reflects the ability of an enterprise to ensure its sustainable development while minimizing the negative impact of internal and external threats. This is a kind of barrier or protection against threats and losses. The authors have analyzed the economic security of the activities of Borodinskoye LLC in the Belgorod region. The internal and external factors of economic security have been studied in detail in the course of the SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise's activities in the framework of ensuring its economic security have been identified. The proposed measures aimed at minimizing losses, reducing threats and increasing the sustainability of the enterprise. In the authors’ opinion, special attention should be paid to human resources and the development of an effective personnel motivation system. The authors have calculated the possibility of introducing progressive production technology, paying special attention to pricing policy. According to the forecast, revenue by 2022 will increase by 38%, the cost of the main types of products will decrease by 5–25%, profit will increase 2.3 times, and the profitability level will be 25.1%.

In today's economic environment, businesses are forced to operate in a highly competitive, complex and volatile environment. A distinctive feature of the current conditions is also the fact that in addition to the increasing demand for goods and services of high quality among consumers, the demand for innovative products is increasing. Against the background of the continuous development of technologies in various fields, enterprises began to actively introduce them to create innovative products. At the same time, enterprises striving to strengthen their positions in the market faced the problem of constantly reducing the development and production of innovative products while maintaining a high level of quality. It is currently impossible to solve this problem without digitalization of enterprises, which means the introduction of digital technologies not only in production and technology, but also in financial and organizational and managerial areas. From these positions, it seems relevant to develop organizational and management methods aimed at improving the innovative development of the enterprise. The authors of the article presented a model of an innovative QMS, built on the basis of the integration of a quality management system and an innovation management system using a digital platform as a basis for the creation and effective functioning of a modern enterprise. Within the framework of this model, the possibility of applying the process approach to the construction of an innovative QMS was considered, measures for its creation were developed, and an assessment of the planned economic effect from the introduction of an innovative QMS was given.

The article presents the rationale for the importance of financial competence in compulsory social insurance for insured persons. It highlights the features of the formation and manifestation of financial competence. The author came to the conclusion that the financial competence of the insured person is expressed in the ability to use the opportunities for insurance coverage so that they meet the imperative social guarantees and the interests of the household. The insured must be able to use other methods of managing social risks. Special attention is paid to the formation of financial knowledge in the field of social insurance. The main role in preparing the population for insurance relations is played by non-formal and informal education. However, citizens are passive. The state, policyholders and insurers are not interested in comprehensive training of insured persons. Financial literacy programs include pension insurance. They do not take into account other types of social insurance. The availability of financial and legal knowledge on social insurance can influence the preservation of the financial well-being of citizens. It ensures the achievement of state social goals. Therefore, the question is raised about the need to include in the strategy of improving the financial literacy of the population of the Russian Federation.