The urgency of the use of blood components as a raw material for the production of products from it that contribute to the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency states is beyond doubt. In addition, protein compounds in the blood of cattle have a high digestibility of the human body, and the complex of essential amino acids determines its attractiveness as an additive in the development of a wide range of meat products. The only possible way at present to thicken thermo labile blood compounds is cryoconcentration, carried out in a temperature range close to the cryoscopy temperature. The kinetic features of cryoconcentration of cattle blood were investigated on an experimental apparatus of cyclic action. It is shown that the conditions of cryoconcentration are determined by the boiling point of the refrigerant in the evaporator of the installation, the flow rate of the original blood washing the heat exchange surface and the content of soluble compounds in the initial liquid. Experimental data are presented in the form of growth curves of frozen ice on the heat exchange surface with an area of 0.2 m2. Using mathematical planning methods, equations are obtained that describe the amount of ice frozen for 1 hour per unit of surface area of the freezing plant, the specific energy input for freezing one kilogram of ice, and the dry matter content of the blood in the solution obtained by melting the frozen ice. The solved problem of optimizing the process of blood cryoconcentration made it possible to find rational intervals for changing the operating parameters of the freezing plant, ensuring the maximum amount of frozen ice, minimal energy costs and minimal content of soluble substances in the solution obtained by melting frozen ice. The suboptimal intervals of the indicated parameters were the following: refrigerant boiling point 256– 260 K, blood consumption (0.20–0.205)·10-3 m3/s, dry matter content 22.5–23.0 %.

This project is dedicated to the development of finishing equipment for the production of dry bacterial concentrates. One of the main objects is a quick-freezing apparatus designed for freezing bacterial concentrates, as well as a continuous vacuum freeze dryer. In this market, domestic production takes about 9 ... 12%. Creation of high-tech equipment of a new generation for the production of bacterial concentrates for dairy enterprises will allow to solve the problem of import substitution of this type of product. The main directions for the use of bacterial concentrates in the dairy industry. The analysis of used starter cultures, the range of products manufactured using bacterial concentrates. The classification of bacterial concentrates according to the method of storage and use is given. The methods of using bacterial concentrates at dairy enterprises are considered. The ways to improve the production of bacterial concentrates are proposed. To study the effect of technological parameters of vacuum freeze-drying on the quality of the final bacterial concentrate, a series of experiments was performed. Drying was carried out to a final moisture content of 3.0–3.2%, while the residual pressure in the chamber varied in the range of 10–50 Pa, and the heat flux density ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 kW / m2. The expediency of creating domestic production of baconconcentrates on an industrial scale is substantiated. The results of the study of the kinetics of the freezing of bacterial concentrates are given. The rational parameters of the freezing process and the optimal composition of the cryoprotective medium are proposed. Investigations of the process of vacuum-sublimation dehydration of bacterial concentrate in a layer and granulated form have been conducted. The quality indicators of dry bacterial concentrates are given. The results will allow to carry out engineering calculations and design of equipment for freezing and vacuum sublimation plants with various methods of energy supply.

With the development of food processing and storage at near-cryoscopic temperatures, more and more attention is being paid to the development of methods for frozen out moisture and cryoscopic temperature calculating based on their component composition data. There is a significant dispersion among the existing experimental data of various researchers and calculation methods for beef thermophysical properties. In the study given, the authors determined the enthalpy of phase transitions, beet heat capacity with different moisture content and its cryoscopic temperature with the method of differential scanning calorimetry. With the analysis of the phase transitions enthalpy, it was found out that the share of non-freezing water for beef is n = 0.35 (g of water per 1 g of dry matter). The presence of the vitreous phase in the temperature range of about -85 ° С was established, most noticeably manifested when the moisture content of the samples is w = 37–45.8%, which indicates the formation of amorphous solutions in the process of food products freezing. Beginning of moisture melting peak Tm.b. takes place at temperatures range from -35 ° C till -25 ° C for the samples with low and normal moisture content respectively. Acccording to the theoretical Heldman ratio, a dependence for cryoscopic temperature calculating was proposed . The given semi-empirical dependences of the phase transitions enthalpy and the frozen moisture fraction provide an increase in the accuracy of calculations at low values of moisture content in the product. The research results can be used as input data in mathematical modeling of heat exchange processes and the development of calculating methods for the thermophysical properties of food products based on their composition.

Now the increasing popularity is received by food semi-finished products from the bulk materials. With increase in volume of their production it is expedient to mix powdery materials in the mixers of continuous action. For the set working hours of the mixers of continuous action the movement of material in the device is considered to be casual stationary processes between which there is relationship of cause and effect. Key indicators for her assessment is the correlation coefficient, population mean and dispersion. Communication between entering and going out of the device signals is established by means of the equations of material balance, describing expenses of streams of bulk stochastic stationary functions X (t). Further, finding probabilistic characteristics of the entering and leaving signals, it is possible to judge "quality" of operation of the mixer or to select the required topology of streams in the hardware environment by comparison of the relations of their dispersions or mean square deviations. In this work the scheme of the movement of material streams in the mixer developed by us realizing a method of "consecutive dilution" is considered. By means of the system of the equations of the material balance displaying process of the movement of material in the mixers of continuous action of vibration type influence of recirculation on the smoothing properties of the device is considered. Values of size of the smoothing ability of S from recirculation coefficient ? and quantities of rounds of n are given. It is revealed that increase in the smoothing ability leads to increase of quantity of rounds, and respectively and dimensions of the mixers of continuous action of vibration type, therefore, it is expedient to use the mixer with quantity of rounds equal 6 and coefficient of recirculation equal 0.7 as at the same time the smoothing ability equal is enough 1753 for receiving qualitative ready mix at a ratio of components 1:50. By means of the correlation analysis it is possible to predict uniformity of a material stream at the device exit at the known values of the time spent in him of material, coefficients of recirculation and dispersion of an entrance signal.

One of the most common methods of preserving apple pomace in order to further obtain products with a high content of biologically active substances is drying. For the experiment, a method of drying with superheated steam of reduced pressure in a pulsed vibro boiling layer was chosen, since it allows improving the quality of the finished product by lowering the temperature of the drying agent, thereby retaining a significant amount of nutrients in the original product. To study the kinetic and hydrodynamic dependences of the drying process, an experimental setup has been developed and created, which allows to obtain the most accurate and reproducible results. According to the results of the experiments done, the drying curves, the drying rate curves and the heating curves were constructed. The technological modes of operation of the drying unit are determined, ensuring a minimum of the specific energy consumption of the drying process and the maximum moisture stress of the drying chamber. In addition to the experiment on drying apple pomace, a study was also conducted on the content of pectic substances in dried pomace. To determine the amount of pectin and protopectin, the calcium-pectate method was used. During the experiment, it was found that with the proposed method of drying, the yield of pectin substances is increased compared with traditional methods. Histograms of the content of pectin and protopectin were constructed depending on the method of drying. A comparative analysis of the content of pectin and protopectin was carried out depending on the drying mode for apple pomace and sugar beet pulp. The conclusion is made about the increased thermolability of protopectin in apple pomace compared to sugar beet pulp.

Preparation for the production of grain raw materials includes its pre-treatment at elevated temperatures, which provides improved absorption of grain nutrients. One of the varieties of grain heat treatment is its micronization, the essence of which lies in the rapid intensive heating of the grain by infrared rays (IR). IR heating has a significant effect on the carbohydrate complex: starch dextrinization occurs, denatures the protein, resulting in changes in the fractional composition of the protein complex: the proportion of water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins decreases and the content of alkaline-soluble proteins increases, the lipid and vitamin composition of the grain remain unchanged, and the proportion anti-nutritional substances of the grain. The task of using IR processing for amaranth grain is to obtain high-quality, functional food with desired properties. Heat treatment of amaranth grains using the infrared method was carried out on a UTZ4 installation. When passing through the chamber with amaranth grain, physical changes occur: it increases in volume, the structural frame of the grain is destroyed. With increasing temperature under the influence of infrared radiation, moisture turns into steam, the pressure increases sharply, which leads to a decrease in the strength of grain raw materials and contributes to a reduction in energy consumption during its further grinding. A number of combinations of the infrared flux density and the duration of the presence of various thickness of amaranth grains in the heat treatment zone were tested. Good results were obtained when the speed of the conveyor belt of the installation was 0.042 m/s and the power of the lamps was 69.2 kW/m2. The effect of micronization parameters of amaranth grains on the properties of flour obtained from it was studied. It was established that heat treatment by the infrared method of amaranth grains allows to obtain flour with improved structural and mechanical properties.

The transition to an efficient economy and efficient production requires building the foundations for the development of energy efficient technologies and the drying of biomaterials to convert them into useful products. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of pretreatment with a pulsed electric field (PEF) in the process of convective drying of biomaterials. The PEF was processed with electric field strength of 2, 4 and 6 kV/cm, the number of pulses 500, with a pulse duration of 50 ?s. Based on the electrical conductivity data of the biomaterial, the index of the disintegration 56% was determined before and after the PEF treatment, which confirms the existence of an electroporation mechanism of the material structure. The drying process is presented with a description of various mathematical models. PEF pre-treatment with the parameters of electric field strength 4 and 6 kV / cm and the number of impulses 500 allowed to reduce the drying time by 13.8% for the value E = 0.02. Total time spent on the drying process reduced by 20-25 minutes. It should be noted that the total energy spent on PEF pre-treatment (<150 W / kg) compared with the energy spent on the drying process is incommensurably small. Statistical analysis of the considered mathematical models showed good convergence of most models with experimental data. The considered technology of pretreatment of PEF can ensure the effective processing of biomaterials in the required amount to obtain high-quality and safe products. Obtained data of the kinetics process can be used to the mathematical model of the drying process design with the use of preliminary treatment processing.

The most unfavourable conditions for the implementation of separation arise in the case where the impurities and clean the grain evenly distributed. Therefore, a layer of granular grain mixture should be pre-prepared for participation in the process, which can be estimated by analyzing the kinematic parameters of the movement of grain particles, which is the purpose of this study. The description of the working body and the process of vibration movement of the grain mixture is given. To describe the vibrational movement of the grain mixture, a two-layer model is considered, in which changes are made due to the presence of riffles in the form of rectilinear plates on the support surface. In the study of the movement of the upper layer of the grain flow, we consider the movement of a material point on an inclined plane that makes horizontal harmonic oscillations perpendicular to the line of the greatest slope. Consideration of the scheme of forces acting on the particle in relative motion and the conditions of motion of the particle, made it possible to write the differential equation of relative motion in the projections on the coordinate axis. The transformations of the obtained dependences allowed us to determine the minimum force of inertia at which the relative motion will begin. By introducing the concepts and designations of the phase angles at which the relative sliding of a particle begins and ends, we determined the type of dependence of the particle velocity upon its sliding. The dependences of the particle movement in the positive and negative directions of the x and y axes, the dependence of the total displacements along the axes, as well as the average particle velocity along the x axis were obtained.the model of the two-layer vibrational movement of the grain flow along the surface with the riffles in the form of rectangular plates at their arrangement perpendicular to the direction of oscillations was Considered.

This article presents the results of research, on the basis of which the criteria and elements identification of the environment, manufactured food product; developed a new concept of technological preparation for the processes of formation functional physico-chemical and physico-mechanical properties of multicomponent granulated product, allowing to carry out their system unification, to create an element base for technological quality assurance. The proposed system of identification such elements of the operating environment and objects of failures allows you to objectively identify options, methods and means of technological quality assurance of semi-finished products. A large number of factors, that characterize the objects of failures, operating environment, types of molding and hardening of granules (briquettes), modes of formation determined the need to develop the structure and type of information model of the technological unit, the subsequent development and implementation of the logic of synthesis such model, the formation of sets equipment, tools and technological materials. The principal novelty of this proposed concept lies in the presentation of the information model of the technological unit logically defined set of their elements in the form of a virtual polyhedron consisting of virtually rotating around three coordinate axes congruent polyhedral, the faces of which are carriers of codes of operating conditions, sets characteristics, failure patterns, technological capabilities of control methods, structural components of technological units, in the creation of logic of automated target synthesis or selection of the structure of the process unit. The methodology of implementation and optimization of the technological unit with the identification of elements of the operating environment and objects of images, technological impact, the relationship of quality indicators of functional elements, operating environment and technological effects, shows the algorithm and program of the information model of the technological unit and the methodology of its synthesis

In various branches of modern engineering, corrosion-resistant steels and titanium alloys are widely used as structural materials. At the same time, it is possible to connect parts made from domestic and imported alloys using automatic argon-arc electric welding, which leads to the formation of a material with unexplored properties in the weld. Welded joints are stress concentrators and currently there is no information about low-cycle fatigue of welded joints obtained by fusing domestic and imported materials. In the course of the research, the modes of welding and heat treatment of butt welded joints obtained from sheet titanium alloys and corrosion-resistant steel of domestic and foreign production have been developed. Resource tests for low-cycle fatigue of samples of welded joints were carried out. Tests on low-cycle fatigue were carried out on the upgraded testing machine UMM-10 with repeated static stretching with an asymmetry factor of +0.1 and at a frequency of 0.6–0.8 Hz. The maximum tensile stress was 80% of the temporary tensile strength of the weakest alloy in the pair. The main stress axis from external loading in all cases was perpendicular to the weld. The tests were carried out until the destruction of the sample. As a result of research, it was established that all welded joints were destroyed along the fusion line, which is explained by the simultaneous action of geometric and structural stress concentrators. In this case, the destruction of the samples, as a rule, began near the seam from the side of the weakest alloy in the pair. It was also established that the use of temperatures of incomplete annealing in comparison with the full one allows to increase the cyclic durability for welded joints of titanium alloys by 1.3–2 times. From the results of comparative tests of samples of corrosion-resistant steels, it follows that domestic and imported steels, as well as their welded joints, have similar properties, both in strength and in re-static durability.

The development of the algorithm and software for the automation of kinematic and force calculations of the crank-slider mechanism (KPM). The program allows you to automatically demonstrate the operation of the PMC on the display screen after entering the initial data, obtain images of the vector defined kinematic and dynamic parameters associated with a given position of the mechanism, and read the modules and values determining the directions of the calculated parameters from the screen. Special attention in the development of software was paid to the convenience and ease of working with a computer, taking into account the relatively low level of readiness of the majority of students to perform such actions on a computer. In order to ensure this, an interactive input mode is provided. The unification of the original KPM scheme also contributes to this. Such an approach required additional agreement of the compared results, taking into account the spatial location of the calculated part of the mechanism, given the reference system of the angular position and direction of rotation of the crank. The developed program has the following applications: demo, training, testing and analyzing. The demonstration option is used in cases where it is necessary to clearly understand the kinematic interaction between the links of the mechanism and to consider the peculiarities of movement of the links and points of the PMC. The capabilities of the training mode are determined by analyzing the characteristics and types of movement of individual units and characteristic points of the mechanism under consideration and its analogues that arise when one or more parameters change. When using the verification option, it is possible to reliably monitor the calculations performed and the results obtained. In the analyzing variant, it is assumed, on the one hand, to analyze the nature of the qualitative and quantitative changes in the parameters of interest to us in the individual conjugate parts of the mechanism, and on the other, to trace the change in the corresponding kinematic and force parameters depending on the initial data and the position of the mechanism.

The aim of the study is computer-aided decision-making support system (DSS) based on statistical data processing for the diagnosis of diseases. The modern pace of life leaves little time for a person to be able to see a doctor, sometimes even when a person falls ill. With regard to medical services, the introduction and dissemination of information technologies are becoming more and more relevant and relevant. A visit to the doctor takes a lot of time. To obtain any information, not to mention the actual examination with the need to communicate with the doctor, in some medical institutions it takes a lot of time, nerves and energy. Today, modern man cannot afford to waste time. With the emergence of various ailments in the human user there is a need for rapid diagnosis of the state of health. The problem here is to recognize the disease in time, prescribe the correct treatment and still force the user to see a doctor, a specialist for examination with the help of special medical technologies, continued diagnosis and subsequent treatment. This paper presents a mathematical model using fuzzy logic, which became the basis for the development of an application program designed to conduct a primary diagnosis of a possible disease. The program issues a recommendation for further treatment to a specialist. Baseline data, on the basis of which the development of the model was carried out, are related to eye diseases. Any discomfort causes inconvenience to the person. Eye disease is considered as a defeat of the organic and physical abilities of a person, sharpness and clarity of vision deteriorate. A person loses the ability to visually analyze the surrounding reality. A huge amount of statistics has been accumulated confirming the negative impact of adverse factors on the human visual organs. The studied statistics are related to the field of medicine, namely eye diseases. This area of research was the basis for consideration. The analysis of the collected data showed that their character is quite diverse and almost all of them have only a linguistic description. Therefore, for their processing it was necessary to choose a mathematical apparatus that would allow for their description, structuring and systematization. To do this, you can use a model based on fuzzy logic. Thus, the subject of research is the analysis of statistical data conducted using elements of fuzzy sets, which will allow to develop a mathematical model for determining the class of the disease. And then, with the help of a direct chain of reasoning, establish a presumptive diagnosis, as a recommendation of a decision support system. This approach to developing a decision support system for diagnosing diseases has not yet been applied. The objectives of the study is to study the diagnosis of diseases as an information process, the analysis of statistical data, description, structuring and systematization of data using elements of fuzzy sets and the development of a mathematical model using the inference rules. The result of the study is information on the determination of the belonging of the ailments (symptoms) to the class of diseases.

Background: Compliance to modern requirements to quality of motor oil to depends largely on level of automation of industrial process of their preparation. Existing and really functioning refinery processing units provide constancy of the target numerical index of the viscosity of oil only when the mix formulation of production is strictly observed. In mix formulation, the flow parameters of the base oil and additives are determined, the temperature in the reactor and the preparation time also exerts impact the technological process. Refinery processing units of production of motor oil of the type in question don't provide possible changes of flowrate of components in the reactor, which leads to a viscosity factor deviation from the desired one. Stringent control of technological process of production of motor oil provides: high stability of a product, good torque properties at low temperatures, necessary viscosity within working temperatures. Materials and methods: The system analysis of the technological process is carried out on the basis of the experimental data of operation of the unit for obtaining motor oil. The optimal control system is developed on the basis of the mathematical model of the research object in the software package of the SCADA-system Trace Mode. Results: Automated control system for the production of motor oil is developed based on Trace Mode which includes: a screen for setting technological parameters, a mnemonic diagram of the process, a control program. The realized program exercises control of process of giving in the reactor of base oil and additives, alarm on flow rate, control of the temperature of the mixture of base oil and additives in the reactor, carries out turning on of the engine of the mixing device, and also realizes the timer of preparation time of oil. Conclusions: Employment of the motor oil received by means of the embedded system will help to avoid: impurities of engines, corrosive wear when using high-sulphur fuel, breakdown.

The article is devoted to the solution of the scientific problem of the development of theoretical foundations and technology of substantiation of quantitative requirements (rules) for software information security (PSI). The basis of the modern theory of information security is a classification approach. When using the classification approach, the requirements for PSSS are defined as a set of functional requirements necessary for implementation for a certain class of security. At the same time, the concept of "effectiveness of information protection" is not considered. The contradiction between the qualitative classification approach in the formation of requirements for PSI and the need to use their quantitative characteristics in the development of automated systems (as) in protected execution required the development of a new normative approach to substantiate the requirements for information protection. Normative approach based on the systematic consideration of problems in which the analysis of interaction of elements as each other and the influence of PSSI on the AU in General and the analysis of the goals of security of information (BI). The information structure of the system is constructed on the basis of the analysis of the AU topology, internal and external relations and information flows. At the same time, the normative method considers the full set of BI threats. BI threats are stochastic, multi-stage and multi-variant. In turn, the NSCI in implementing protection functions neutralizes BI threats with some probability (there are residual risks) and length in time. The presence of a variety of BI threats, characterized by different time of implementation, probabilistic characteristics of overcoming PSI and destructive capabilities, require the finding of BI norms by optimization methods, based on the requirements of minimizing the impact on the efficiency of the automated system.

The article deals with the modernization and adjustment of the fine chalk grinding process. The crushing process is an energy-consuming procedure, annually spent about 5% of all energy produced on Earth, including the energy of internal combustion engines. This indicates its great importance. In addition to the cost of electricity, large expenses go to repair the equipment. The greatest replacements are made on the main working parts of machines. In the course of substitutions a lot of time is spent, in order not to spend this rather important resource, it is necessary to approach this procedure from a scientific point of view. The organization and conduct of research on the replacement of the main working parts of crushers and mills will increase the productivity of the main equipment, improve the quality of the finished product and reduce production costs in terms of energy saving. Modernization and adjustment of technological equipment in order to improve the production process of fine chalk significantly increase the service life of the main equipment. For this purpose, it is proposed to conduct an active experiment. Before carrying out the experiment, it is necessary to set the model. The classical regression analysis is based on the assumption that the model type is a priori specified with accuracy to the parameters, and that an experiment has already been implemented that supplies the initial data for the regression construction. Hence, the problem is to choose the best method of data processing. In this paper, we propose a fundamentally new approach-automatic evaluation of the model options on a set of indicators, the calculation of which is based on a set of pareto-optimal variants of the model.The proposed method made it possible to identify two best alternatives out of 16384. Obviously, this approach can be easily modified for any other set of regression model quality criteria.

The problem of safety provisioning in technological processes, which aims the reducing the probability of accidents is considered. Classification of technological process states from the point of view of accident prevention system is offered. The set of such states consists of: normal functioning, pre-emergency, emergency and accident. The state of normal functioning and pre-emergency state assume the absence of irreversible changes in the technological processes. It is considered the case when the operator has to form some management actions which are aimed to stabilize the process, when the process is in the pre-accident state. It is shown an example of a data flow diagram, which includes also the human operator, the tracking system, and the system of manual and automatic control in additional to the standard components of such systems. By using the data flow diagram, it is defined the sequence of stages which occur when the process in transferred from the pre-emergency states to the state of normal operation. A method for assessing the possibility of transferring a technological process from a pre-emergency state to a normal operating in proposed. This method consists in estimating the time relation between the available and the necessary for stabilization of the system. The time required for stabilization consists of the time delay of the measuring device, the latency of the operator and the response time of the actuator. The delay time of the measuring device and the response time of the actuator are determined by the conditions of the technological process. The model for estimating the latency of the person is based on the law “force-time” is developed. A study of the boundary cases of the formula for estimating the available and the necessary time is carried out. Stimulation modelling is conducted, which results are used to estimating the ways of optimizing the technological process in order to improve the reliability of the accident prevention system.

Improvement of production systems of the organization is carried out through the introduction of quality management systems, changes in the model of production organization, the use of modern approaches to improve product quality and customer satisfaction. Measurement, evaluation and analysis of the production system allows to set the direction of activity to improve production processes and to develop activities aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the whole system. The production system is an open system, it is connected and exchanged with the external environment information, resources, etc. the production system is Called the operating system, which consists of three subsystems: processing subsystem, directly related to the technological processes of raw materials and semi-finished products conversion into finished products; support subsystem, which performs auxiliary functions necessary for the implementation of the main technological processes; planning and control subsystems that receive and process information from the internal and external environment of the organization. The task of building an automated information system is connected with the need to integrate with the subsystem of data collection and analysis, visual representation of information for decision-making at all levels. Building an information management system of the production system is impossible without a powerful infrastructure, without a single information system support and process control. The proposed information system will help to automate the processes of management of the organization, quickly form the strategic and tactical goals of the organization. Within a given period of time, data will be collected and analyzed from the internal and external environment, timely analysis of deviations of the values of indicators from the planned values. The results of information processing will be timely visualized both for each employee and the production system of the organization as a whole.

The article describes the statistical analysis method of the stationary kinetic model of perfect mixing cell which can be applied to devices using spatial combination of perfect mixing cells. A simulation model of interaction of two substances in a continuous-flow reactor of perfect mixing and graphs of chemical interaction of the substances is elaborated. A parametric simulation model identification method of least squares is conducted. The adequacy of the model obtained using the F-test and the hypothesis of heterogeneity of variances of random processes and functions is evaluated. The possible intervals of the linear zed equation coefficients using t-test are significance estimated coefficients are determined for the chosen form of the equation. The obtained values of the possible intervals are caused by in the stochastic factors simulation model by and mutual influence of deviations of different parameters. The calculation results are shown in Example 1 and Example 2. The relative error for output concentration was more than 10%. Therefore averaging over five repeated observations at each point in order to reduce the dispersion was performed. The averaged values of the parameters are suitable for the simulation and analysis processes. The results of research can be used for the development of mathematical modeling methods and analysis in fixed-chemical processes occurring in solutions.

This article is devoted to the study of collagen-containing raw materials and obtained collagen substances. Histomorphological analysis was carried out, which resulted in data on the presence of collagen in animal and fish raw materials, but characterized by a loose structure and a smaller thickness of fibers in the case of fish skins. Studies of the fractional composition showed that the predominant fraction is alkali-soluble, which include collagen proteins. The obtained dispersion of collagen fibers of the hides of inland water bodies and split leather from cattle hides. Dispersions are similar in properties, but have some differences associated with structural features. The materials obtained for the food, cosmetic and medical industries meet the principles of rational nature management and are economically viable.New ideas about the role of collagen in nutrition, the creation of original products, the need to develop unconventional and improve existing technologies of collagen substances of various functionalities, require the implementation of approaches to ensure maximum transformation of collagen-containing resources into human products, materials and tools.New ideas about the role of collagen in nutrition, the creation of original products, the need to develop unconventional and improve existing technologies of collagen substances of various functionalities, require the implementation of approaches to ensure maximum transformation of collagen-containing resources into human products, materials and tools.In terms of sanctions of the European Union, the United States and supporters, reducing the import of natural polymer-film coatings, finding new sources of film coatings for the food surface is most appropriate.

Today, the use of non-standard types of yeast, which include Brettanomyces, is becoming increasingly popular in the food industry. They are tolerant to low pH, have a high-effective metabolism, and their ability to function in high concentrations of ethanol found application in the production of bioethanol. The most famous application of Brettanomyces is spontaneously fermented beer styles: lambic and gueuze. This beer is characterized by a long fermentation time (up to several years) and a rich, complex flavor with specific tones associated with a rich bacterial and fungal microflora. Volatile phenolic compounds in this beer, responsible for the main aromatic profiles associated with Brettanomyces: 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, 4-ethylcatechol and their precursors 4-vinylguaiacol, 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylcatechol. The proportion of ether in lambic beer is generally characterized by a low content of isoamyl acetate, a high concentration of ethylcaprylate and ethyl acetate and a significant amount of ethyl caprate.

At the present stage for the sugar beet factories of the CIS countries in connection with the entry into the world market, a trend for high quality white sugar production appeared. It is shown that the white sugar quality is largely determined by the state of the food system of the I crystallization massecuite, in the formation of which technological aids for the functional groups of surfactants, sugar decolorants, and descaling agents (descalers) are used. It is noted that between the means applied, joint interactions are possible in the form of antagonism-synergism, which ultimately affect the white sugar quality. In this regard, it is advisable to study the cumulative effect of the means of these functional groups on the change in the state of the nutritional system of the massecuite I. This task was solved using the previously developed methodological approach based on determining of representative indicators of the solid and liquid phases of the massecuite food system — crystal content, heterogeneity coefficient, average crystals size, viscosity, chromaticity, calcium salts content, the optimal values of which indicate the food system steady state, deviations from them - unstable. The experiments scheme included 5 combinations with local and joint ontroduction of Defospum surfactant, E 221 sugar decolorant, Kebo DS descaler. It was revealed that with the combined application of surfactants and sugar decolorant, the food system of the massecuite was characterized by a steady state at the best values of indicators: the color of the liquid phase was 5.8% lower compared to the autonomous use of decolorant, viscosity - 1.6% lower than the autonomous use of surfactants. It was suggested that this is due to the synergistic effect, in the first case - surfactant on the functional effect of the sugar decolorant, in the second - on the contrary, the decolorant on the functional effect of the surfactant. It was shown that the sugar obtained from such a food system corresponded to the white sugar of the TC1 category. Descaler residual quantities migrating into the food system of the massecuite antagonist to the decolorant of sugar and surfactant, makes it unstable

The basic structural element of the cell walls of beet pulp is dietary fibers, therefore deep processing of this type of raw material is of considerable interest. One of the main physicochemical properties of dietary fibers used in food production is their water holding capacity. However, dietary fibers of beet pulp, as heterogeneous polymer components, are extremely labile to the conditions of their extraction. In this regard, it is relevant to identify technological factors and their rational sequence, in which the target properties will be expressed to the maximum extent. The authors developed an extensive algorithm for the sequential extraction of dietary fibers from beet pulp with selective processing by homofermental preparations, including various options for the preliminary preparation of raw materials. As a result, samples of beet fibers (mainly homogluacutronanes), corresponding to the key graph nodes of the developed algorithm, were identified. For each sample, the magnitude of water holding capacity was determined, as well as the Raman spectrum on an excitation wave of 785 nm with a spectrum scan duration of 3 s and 50 passes per spectrum. In the process of research, the key influence of the degree of saturation of the cell wall matrix with polyvalent metal ions was established. At the same time, in the presence of cations in the matrix, the number of fermentation stages of the same type and their duration play a key role in the formation of water-holding capacity. In the absence of cations, water holding capacity depends only on the nature of the polymer fermentation products. By the method of principal components, it was established that the water-holding capacity is closely related to the activity of oxygen atoms of glycosidic bonds between the links of the polymer chain, as well as the activity of hydroxyl groups not belonging to the carbohydrate ring. However, the main components used describe only 53.5% of the peak heights dispersion, which may indicate participation in the formation of peaks and any third-party factors, which indicates the necessity of further research.

A functional orientation fermented milk product on a direct starter with the apple powder addition was obtained. The apple pomace powder obtained under gentle conditions enriches the kefir product with pectin substances, vitamins E, B2, B6, iron and potassium. The apple pomace powder was obtained in a vibration vacuum dryer - a mill, which provides drying under vacuum with the combination of grinding processes and intensive vibrational action. This technology allows obtaining a fine powder with a moisture content of 4–6%, minimizing the raw material valuable components loss during drying, since the process temperature is no higher than 40o C. The starter consists of thermophilic, mesophilic lactic acid Streptococcus,and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lасtococcus lactis sp lactis, Laсtococcus lactis sp. cremoris, Laсtococcus lactis sp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis, Saccharomyces unisporus, Streptococcus salivarius sp. thermophiles). The nutritional value of kefir product with the functional powder introduction was calculated. An approbation of the proposed K-10,12 starter for the preparation of kefir product with the apple powder addition and the analysis of consumer properties in comparison with traditional kefir were carried out. Each starter batch was analyzed for the absence of extraneous microflora, by microscopic examination and the presence of gas-forming microflora. Quality control indicators of enriched kefir product was being conducted during the entire shelf life. Organoleptic and physico-chemical quality assessment of the finished dairy product was performed on a 10-point scale. The control of microbiological indicators of kefir product was carried out in comparison with traditional kefir, obtained with the use of ordinary kefir fungi. The use of direct starter for kefir production solves many technological problems and makes its manufacture in small enterprises possible.

Rye is the traditional raw material for the fermented malt production. The article considers buckwheat grains application as an unconventional raw material. The research materials were rye of Vostok 2 breed and buckwheat of Dikul breed. Amylolytic capacity (AC) of malt was determined by colorimetric iodometric method, saccharification capacity (SC) - by polarimetric method, proteolytic (PC) - by refractometric method (according to Petrov); the humidity of the samples was determined on a thermographic infrared moisture meter FD 610. The extract, acidity and color of the fermented malt was determined according to GOST R 52061-2003. It was found that AC, SC and PC of buckwheat malt are 5.8% higher, 42.9% lower and 11.6% higher respectively than those of rye malt. Comparative characteristics of fermented buckwheat and rye malts showed that there is a decrease in the mass fraction of the extract and an increase in the color of buckwheat malt. This happens due to the hydrolysis of high-molecular compounds - carbohydrates, proteins to sugars and amino acids, respectively, due to the reactions of melanoid formation, which result in improved color, taste and aroma of malt. It was found that the use of buckwheat in fermented malt technology is possible, moreover, it is a gluten-free raw material due to the low content of the gluten fraction of the protein and can be applied to a wide range of consumers, including those suffering from gluten intolerance. But to increase its extractiveness, it is desirable to use enzyme preparations at the malting stage. The novelty of the proposed technical solution is confirmed by the RF patent for invention No. 2603268 "Method for the production of fermented buckwheat malt".

Consumers associate the finished meat products with negative health effects that are connected with a high content of saturated fat; food additives and carcinogenic substances. Consumer demand for functional products with a reduced amount of saturated fats is growing. The purpose of scientific research was justification the functional properties of sausage bread manufactured using protein-fatty emulsions based on flour made from flax-LM-98 Raziol; Ural. In the recipe of sausage bread 15% of fat and meat raw materials were replaced by the protein-fatty emulsion based on flax flour. It is established: addition of emulsion contributes to a more pronounced flavor and aroma, attractive appearance and drawing on a cut of meat products. Analysis of the chemical composition meat products showed an increase in fat content on 12.7-23.7%; soluble and insoluble dietary fibers concentration; calcium and phosphorus content. The experiment proved the high biological value of lipid fraction in sausages containing flax flour. Content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by 15.8–29.2%, concentration of (-3 fatty acids increased 3.7–7.7 times. The ratio of (-3:(-6 fatty acids in samples with flax flour of Ural grade amounted to 1:1.3, consumption of 50 g sausages satisfies the daily need in (-3 fatty acids by 60.8%. The ratio of (-3:(-6 fatty acids in samples with flax flour of Raziol grade amounted to 1:3.3; consumption of 50 g sausages satisfies the daily need in (-3 by 29.5%. Sausage bread containing 5.6% flax flour Ural and Raziol varieties should be attributed to functional foods, due to the high content of functional component and the ability to satisfy more than 15% of the daily need for (-3 fatty acids.

For obtain accurate aminoacids analysis results for peptide samples it is need to pay attention for method of analysis and method of sample preparation. Now some samplpreparation methods are known: acid and basic hydrolysis. In this article the comparison of two methods of aminoacids analysis were observed: pre-column or post-column derivatization. Analysis of lysine in lysine sulphate was studied, results were compared with control samples. For pre-column derivatization o-phthalic anhydride was used, and for post-column derivatization ninhydrin reagent was used. In experimental part advantages of post-column derivatization was shown and more accurate results were obtained. Chromatographic separation, derivatization and detection were carried out on aminoacids analisators Hitachi (Japan) и Sykam (Germany). Samplepreparation methods were observed on valine and threonine analysis using postcolumn derivatization with ninhydrin reagent. The effect of pH adjustment after acid hydrolysis was studied. Basic solution addition best results in comparison with sample evaporation and reconstitution were shown. For final sample analysis optimal methods of analysis and samplepreparation were chosen. Results were compared with results of European Accredited Laboratory.

Bacteria and bifidogenic drugs became more popular for animal’s treatment. The results of studying bacterial polycomponent symbiotic substance (PCBSS) effect on productive indicators of pigs with intensive cultivation technology was presented. Zootechnical, clinical, hematological, morphological, physico-chemical, research methods were used in experimental part. The effect of three and four course treatment with polycomponent bacterial symbiotic substance (PCBSS) was established. The lyophilized cells of lacto- and bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus was included in this drug. Due to this treatment the reduction of endogenous intoxication by metabolites of various genesis and normalization of the activity of marker transaminases, protein metabolism, activation of energy processes, increase digestibility of feed and increase animals mass were observed. To the moment of animals butchering the average mass of animals after 3 and 4 courses PKBSS exceeded the weight of animals in the control group by 7 kg (5.2%) and 10.7 (7.9%), respectively. The digestibility of dry matter feed by 3% was increased by PCBSS addition to the animals diet. The safety of pigs in the experimental groups was higher compared with the control by 3.4-17.5%. Due to the digestion of crude protein the digestion of organic matter was increased in experimental pigs groups. By leukocyte analysis in blood it was shown that use of PCBSS had a stimulating effect on the formation of white blood cells. At the end of the experiment it was found that for animals of the experimental groups the level of total blood protein was higher than in the control group by 0.66% and by 3.77%. Decreasing in the activity of marker transaminases: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in experimental groups. The intestinal microbiota with its exogenous correction by PCBSS regulates the physiological processes of the animal, and this was confirmed by an increasing of animals body weight and changes in the biochemical reactions, by decreasing in mortality and by increasing in feed digestibility.

At the present stage, the tasks of state policy is to preserve the functions of life support for the stable development of society, improving the health of the population, ensuring environmental safety of the country. Antioxidant activity is manifested in the ability of substances to delay the radical oxidation of organic and high-molecular compounds, and thereby reduce the yield of alcohols, hydroperoxides, fatty acids, aldehydes and ketones. Pectin substances are contained in all plants and some algae and are able to exhibit antioxidant activity. The article presents the study of antioxidant activity of pectin-containing solutions. To determine the antioxidant activity, aqueous solutions of pectin substances of Apple, citrus, beet pectin, their combinations with a concentration of 1% were prepared. According to the obtained data, the value of antioxidants for aqueous solutions of pectin substances and their combinations was calculated. According to the diagram of antioxidant activity of aqueous solutions of pectin substances and their combinations. An increase in antioxidant activity in the combination of Apple and citrus pectins with beet, which is explained by the influence of beet pectin on the properties of substances combined with it. Apple pectin does not increase antioxidant activity in combination with citrus pectin, due to its chemical and physiological form. The ability of pectins to show antioxidant activity depending on the combination of pectins is proved. It was found that the most antioxidant activity has an aqueous solution of beet pectin. Moreover, there is an increase in antioxidant activity when combining Apple and citrus pectins with beet, which is explained by the predominant effect of beet pectin on this indicator.

Sulfur dioxide is used to ensure the safety of fruit raw materials and semi-finished products used for the production of confectionery. This preservative has allergenic properties. In accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 022/2011 "Food products in terms of their labeling" the content of sulfur dioxide must be specified when labeling confectionery products, if its content exceeds 10 mg per kg. The definition of this preservative in raw materials, semi-finished products and confectionery in accordance with the current GOST 26811 “Confectionery. The iodometric method for determining the mass fraction of total sulfuric acid is often difficult because of the complexity of confectionery products, the formation of intensive staining of the solutions under study and the ability of sulfur dioxide to react with other components of the objects under study. Therefore, the task of developing methods with the optimization of the sample preparation stage of the samples under study, which allow one to fully determine sulfur dioxide in confectionery products, semi-finished products and raw materials, is relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for determining sulfur dioxide in raw materials, semi-finished products and various names of confectionery products, as well as assessing the impact of these types of raw materials and semi-finished products on the content of sulfur dioxide in confectionery products. The results showed that sulfur dioxide is present in many raw materials. In mg per 1 kg of sugar in white sand from 1 to 9, molasses from 25 to 52, wheat flour from 9 to 15, starch from 3 to 17. In fruit raw materials from 5 to 545 mg per kg. In confectionery: marshmallow and marshmallow from 8 to 29, gingerbread from 6 to 25, biscuits from 0 to 16, chocolate from 8 to 13. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the content of sulfur dioxide in raw materials and semi-finished confectionery products is a very wide range, which makes it necessary to control the quality of all raw materials entering the production. Sulfur dioxide, used as a preservative for fruit raw materials, can significantly increase the content of this allergen in confectionery made using such raw materials. Ensuring the level of sulfur dioxide less than 10 mg / kg is achieved using raw materials with low content of sulfur dioxide and technological methods.

Studies on the inhibition effectiveness of the initial degree of inoculation of the Salmonella microorganism were carried out. In this paper, the irradiation efficiency of model systems with electron beams with beam energy of 6.5 and 10 MeV was studied. The investigations were carried out at UELV-10-10-C-70 accelerator at Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) with an average beam power of 6.5 MeV and at radiation-technological center with an electron accelerator UELR-10-10-40 at A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre of Federal Medical Biological Agency with an average electron energy of 10 MeV. The conducted researches on studying and revealing the dependence of inhibition of pathogenic microflora, irradiation with different intensity, on the structure (density) of the studied samples, which model liquid and solid nutrient media. The study used a strain Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Typhimurium. The results of the effective inhibition of the initial degree of contamination for the two plants were obtained. Studies have shown that the effectiveness of inhibition of Salmonella culture can vary depending on the characteristics of electron beams. For example, when samples were irradiated with electrons with energy of 6.5 and 10 MeV at doses from 3 to 7 kGy, various results of the inhibition effectiveness of Salmonella culture on media with different work were obtained. When processing samples with studied strains of cultures in the dose range from 4 to 5 kGy, there is an increase in the growth of microorganisms for all processing conditions. In the remaining studied ranges their inhibition are observed. It is important to take into account not only the effectiveness of the oppression of microflora on specific products, but also the efficiency of the installation for a specific sample.

Production of chocolate products with high quality indicators is one of the most important tasks of the confectionery industry. Products of processing of cocoa beans are the main ingredients of chocolate products and a comprehensive assessment of their quality is an urgent task. In this work, we studied the qualitative indicators of various samples of cocoa liquor and cocoa butter. The analysis shows that the cocoa liquor sample №5 contained 50,1% cocoa butter compared to other samples, the mass fraction of fat which – (52,5?55,2) %. The lower the mass fraction of fat in cocoa liquor, the lower the yield of cocoa butter when it is pressed. The degree of grinding of the studied samples of cocoa liquor was (92,5?94,1) %, which will ensure the production of fine chocolate semi-finished products produced using these samples. It is also necessary to take into account the pH values of cocoa liquor. The pH level 5 will lead to a longer conching time of chocolate semi-finished products to give them optimal organoleptic properties. The best value of pH (5,6?6,2) characterized by cocoa samples №3, 4 and 6. This circumstance can adversely affect the manufacturability of the process of production of chocolate products produced using these raw components, increasing their solidification time and reducing the productivity of the line. The triglyceride composition of cocoa butter was studied, which determines the properties of fat – crystallization behavior and hardness. The melting temperature of all cocoa butter samples ranged from 33,5 ?C to 34,7 ?C, thanks to this, the finished chocolate products based on them will have good organoleptic characteristics. According to the results of the research proposed differentiation of cocoa processing products into varieties on the basis of a system of integrated assessment of their quality.

In the study, a relation is found that eases the regulation of a distilled malt spirit fractionation process. The reasons are given for considering both the objective indicators (impurity content) and the organoleptic properties as quality criteria, which implies the need for a single quality criterion based on expert opinion and having a numerical expression. Using the Harrington desirability function method, such a criterion was found, tied to the model process of distilled malt spirit fractionation. The spirit was obtained by distilling twice on a Doctor Guber pot still a wash made from light barley malt and fermented with reactivated DistilaMax MW dry yeast for 70 hours at 24°C. The mode of distillation of the wash was constant, but during the second fractional distillation, the first sample of alcohol was divided into fractions according to the initial (reference) regime, and the next sample was fractionated in small batches, with a time step of 20 min, to estimate the dynamic uptake of by-products: aldehydes, esters, and higher alcohols. After impurity determination with gas chromatography, a generalized criterion was derived with the linear convolution formula from the by-product concentrations and the respective significance coefficients. The coefficients were found via a set of fuzzy rules constructed with the Harrington function method. The logic of collegial decisions regarding the first (standard) and the next (small batch) spirit samples was thus fixated in a simplified model, and the relation between stillage time and the generalized criterion was found, which provided feedback from the expert evaluated spirit sensory characteristics to the mode of fractioning. With the feedback loop, it is possible to model the logic of expert evaluation of the spirit and thus regulate the fractioning process without further need for expert evaluation.

The assortment of butter in Russia traditionally contained anhydrous butter produced by the method of knocking cream. At present, butter is produced to a greater extent by the conversion of high-fat cream. On the shelves of stores, besides the sweetening and acidic oils, you can see butter butter with the addition of additional flavor components. Fito components have high antioxidant properties and are widely used in the food industry. Introduction to the product of this recipe ingredient allows you to enrich the product with valuable nutrients and increase the stability of the latter when stored. The recipe of oil of the acidic and phytocomponents containing high-fat cream, leaven, salt, cooked phytocomponents, vitamins, stabilizer, emulsifier is proposed. The phytocomponent composition includes a dry mixture of parsley, dill and porridge. It is of interest to study the antioxidant activity of phyto-components. The dried parts of the plants were shredded to a particle size of 2.5 ± 1.5 mm. Plant extracts were obtained by maceration using distilled water. The extracts were filtered before the study. An indicator of the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of phyto-components was determined – 0.271 mg / g. A comparison of the obtained results with known indices of other plants is carried out. As the objects of comparison took the most used herbs in the food industry: sweet, saffron, thyme, St. John's wort, chamomile chemist, melissa. It has been established that the mixture of dill, parsley and porridge meal has a high antioxidant index and minimal restrictions when used. The optimal dosage of the mixture of herbs is 1.0 – 1.5 % and food cooking salt – 1 % (indicator according to GOST 32899–2014 for greenery and their mixtures is 0.5 – 8.0 %, for sodium chloride – no more than 2 %) The technology of production of oxygen-containing oil with phytocomponents is developed. The indicators of its quality have been studied, the shelf life of the oil has been determined.

The article analyzes the prospects of creating non-alcoholic tonic drinks on light water. The aim of the work is to study the properties of water with a low content of deuterium for the production of beverages. A block diagram of the production of soft drinks using as a basic component of light water, watermelon juice concentrate as a sweetener, the use of natural preservative juglona, from the pericarp walnut. The theoretical prerequisites for a large-scale transition to the production of tonic drinks based on extracts from domestic herbs and light water are formulated. For the first time the formula composition of drinks with adaptogenic properties differing in antioxidant properties is developed. The range of adaptogenic drinks, which include light water and non-traditional spicy and aromatic raw materials, was systematized, which was the justification for the proposal to use antioxidants as identifiers of the authenticity of a new group of drinks. First proposed version of the graphical visualization of the target system for the formation of flavouring spicy-aromatic characteristics of several formulations of drinks, the algorithm of modeling of the prescription of drinks with light water with a savory and spicy taste. The performed studies have practical significance and have been tested in the production conditions of the Branch № 1 of the Moscow beer and non-alcoholic plant "Ochakovo". The original formulations of tonic drinks with adaptogenic properties are designed, the permissible terms of their storage are determined. The necessary documentation for the production of beverages based on light water and aromatic raw materials has been developed. Developed draft technical specifications for the drinks: "Drink for Rugby players", "players Drink", "Drink Chess". The conclusion is made about the expediency of pilot testing of the developed technology of beverage production.

Spinach (Spinacia oleracca) is a leaf vegetable with low calorie. It appears to be the source of bioflavonoids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which are highly resistant to heat treatment. Among these substances there are beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, which appear to be active antioxidants. Spinach also contains В vitamins, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium and iron. It is common in many countries but is not widely used in Russia. The beneficial features of spinach allow to use it as the ingredient for developing of new types of flour and bakery products for functional and specialized purposes. Due to specific organoleptic and technological properties, it is recommended to use refined spinach in combination with other plant ingredients. The high content of fat-soluble substances in spinach causes using in formulations and technologies of flour and bakery products fat components for purposes of digestion of these substances. These components can be the mixture of vegetable oils of different consistency. For improving of spinach technological properties, it is recommended to use drying with following grinding of dried product into powder. There are several drying and grinding methods, which differ in number of stages and.technological operations, machine and hardware design and energy intensity, which defines the choice of optimal method of spinach powder obtaining. The use of spinach powder in formulations and technologies of flour and bakery products allows obtaining products with high organoleptical qualities, and the containment of the aforenamed substances in products allows to consider them as functional.

The article considers the influence of the region of origin of black tea on the formation of its antioxidant properties. The study involved samples of black tea, coming to the retail trade of St. Petersburg from Indian, Ceylon, Chinese and Kenyan. Significant differences were found in the quantitative composition of individual antioxidants in black tea samples, depending on the region of growth, both in the dry tea leaf and in the infusion. Water-soluble extractives in dry tea leaves and infusion prevailed in Ceylon tea. Tannin prevailed in Indian tea, and total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Kenyan. The maximum transition of tannins in the infusion occurred in Kenyan tea, which accounted for 97.9% of its content in dry tea leaves. The higher brewing temperature of black tea increased the extraction of individual antioxidants. Black tea, depending on the region of origin, was distributed according to the content of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids as follows: Kenyan tea samples > Chinese tea samples > Indian tea samples > Ceylon tea samples. The antioxidant properties of tea were studied for anti-radical activity by the DPPH method and chelation ability by the FRAP method. Chinese tea samples had the highest antiradical activity, and Kenyan tea samples had the ability to bind chelate compounds into complexes. The deviation of antioxidant properties between samples of black tea from different regions was a maximum of 10% in terms of chelating ability (FRAP method) and 35.5% in anti-radical activity (DPPH method). The maximum antiradical activity and chelating ability of all samples of black tea was indicated at a higher tea brewing temperature.

On the basis of publications in recent years, ideas about the deformation and strength properties of the flesh of potato tubers are being developed. The study is based on the analysis of experimental data on compression tests of cylindrical specimens cut from the flesh of potato tubers. The experiments were carried out taking into account the relaxation properties of the flesh. The diagrams of destruction of cylindrical samples by uniaxial compression revealed a number of features that made it possible to form an idea of the deformation-strength properties of potato pulp, taking into account the degree of its lethargy. Additional information is provided by experiments with intermediate unloadings, which start with ?> 0.1 MPa. A comparison of their graphs with the initial part of the diagram shows the absence of inelastic deformations within the limits of stresses in the samples from zero to values close to 0.1 MPa. Stresses ?> 0.1 MPa lead to the formation of inelastic deformations in the samples, which makes it necessary in the Hooke formula to abandon the use of the concept of a Young's modulus, which describes only elastic deformation. Instead of the Young's modulus, it was proposed to introduce a more general concept of the modulus of rigidity. Based on the analysis of the previously developed criteria for the rigidity of tubers of various flaccidity, two main ones were selected, which is associated with the simplicity of obtaining data for their calculation and sensitivity to changes in the flaccidity of tubers.

This paper presents the results of studying the effect of dry-leaved Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub dry powder on quality indicators of wheat bread, in which part of the highest-grade wheat flour was replaced by 3, 5 and 10% of powder. The study showed that the addition of narrow-leaved powder in different amounts (3, 5 and 10% by weight of wheat flour) at the stage of cooking, the dough has a different impact on the quality indicators of the products. With the increase in the amount of the infusion of narrow-leaved powder, the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators change: the color of the product changes from dark golden to dark brown, the presence of the additive increases in taste and smell, but the products have the correct form, without explosions and cracks, elastic, very soft crumb, with a thin-walled and uniform porosity. With an increase in the amount of the added additive, the porosity decreases, but it does not reach the lower limit of the standard. Acidity and humidity increase, which negatively affects the quality and reduced shelf life of the finished product. Therefore, it is proposed to use dry powder of narrow-leaved fireweed in the amounts of not more than 3% by weight of the flour. Studies have shown that during storage at the bakery product with a 3% additive of dry leaf powder for 72 hours, the total crumb strain is reduced by 32 units. AP-4/2 penetrometer, while in the control sample - by 44 units. Thus, the process of staling bread with the addition of narrow-leaved fireweed powder is slower than that of the control sample, and the recommended shelf life of the finished product is 72 hours.

The modern stage of development of equipment and technologies poses as one of the most urgent problem of reliability of biological systems that is directly connected with human health in modern conditions of ecological and social tension, chronic stress and other adverse factors. One of the relevant technological approaches in the production of products of high nutritional and biological value is the development of food systems using functional composite mixtures based on plant resources and containing in its composition necessary nutrients for the body. With the aim of creating the composite mixture, the choice of the functional plant-based ingredients: powder of Jerusalem artichoke, hawthorn and flour from bioactivating the germination of lupine seeds. The ratio of the component composition of the composite mixture and the minced base on the basis of rabbit meat to create a sausage product for dietary purposes is selected. The optimal dosage of the composite mixture introduction into the meat system, while improving the balance of amino acid composition, is justified by mathematical modeling methods. The ham-chopped sausage product with the increased food and biological value is developed. According to the results of organoleptic evaluation revealed improvement of consistency and color of sausage products when replacing 10% of raw meat functional composite mixture. The conducted medical and biological assessment on warm-blooded animals confirmed the biological safety of the developed product

The formation of extracellular polysaccharides is a fairly well-studied property of bacteria that is used for the industrial production of such extracellular bacterial as xanthan, dextran, gellan, hyaluronan, etc.. Polysaccharides synthesized by fungi are also widely used, such as schizophillan and scleroglucan. However, polysaccharides synthesized by yeast and yeast-like fungi have not yet found wide industrial application, with the exception of pullulan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans yeast, although there are a number of promising developments in the use of yeast polysaccharides in medicine. Yeast synthesizes polymers that contain mannans, glucans, phosphomannans, galactomannans, and glucuronoxylmannans. Polysaccharides produced by different species, and sometimes even by different strains of the same species, may differ in chemical composition and structure. Such a variety of composition and properties opens up great prospects for their use in various fields: medicine, chemical, food and cosmetic industries, as well as feed additives. In this regard, the search for new producers of polysaccharides is very relevant. Yeast of the genus Lipomyces is found in the soils of the southern and northern hemispheres of the Earth, except in the high-mountainous regions and tundra soils, where soil formation processes are in early stages of development, but the soils are rich in steppe and forest zones. As a result of the research, it turns out that from the point of view of biomass growth on the presented nutrient medium at the temperatures studied, the strains of the Lipomyces lipofer yeast КБП Y-6267 and КБП Y-6265 attract the most attention, especially at low temperatures. With an increase in temperature, the increase in biomass in these yeasts decreases markedly. As producers of extracellular polysaccharide, it is worth noting the КБП Y-6267 and КБП Y-6264 strains at 20 °C and the КБП Y-6268 strains and the КБП Y-6234 at 30 °C, which indicates the possibility of using for these purposes different species of the genus Lipomyces. At 30 °C, Lipomyces lipofer strains of the КБП Y-6268 and Lipomyces kononenkoae КБП Y-6234 had the highest enzyme activities, however, there was no relationship between enzyme activities, biomass gains and polysaccharide yields at low temperatures.

Nutrition is one of the most important factors that ensure normal child growth and development. In Kyrgyzstan there are about 160,298 children younger than 1 years of age, for whom special baby food is needed and this need is provided only by expensive imported products. The purpose of the study is to develop recipes and technology of new fruit and vegetable purees for baby food using local raw materials; determination of the basic physicochemical parameters of a new product. As objects of research were selected apple, pear, pumpkin, potatoes. Rheological properties were obtained by shear rate scan tests in a rotational rheometer, with geometry of concentric cylinders in temperatures of 25, 35, 45°C. The thixotropy analysis was made through the calculation of the difference between the areas under up and down cycles' flow curves. In order to describe the rheological behavior of beverage, the flow curves were modeled using equations such as Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, and Ostwald-De-Waele. Based on the values of correlation coefficients and variance of the estimated parameters, Ostwald-De-Waele model was chosen for fitting of experimental data. A special feature of new recipes is the use of uzgen rice (local variety of rice) flour and honey. These ingredients give purees the texture and consitency required for children. Developed canned food due to the balanced content of carbohydrates and organic acids have good sensory properties. The content of carotenoids (pro vitamin A) is 0.4 mg%, which provides a daily rate. All designed purees are recommended as a breakfast purees for babies from 6 to 24 months.

The use of dairy products and beverages containing substances useful for health is an effective means of strengthening the protective functions of the human body. The development of new products should be based on a reasonable selection of ingredients that form their composition and properties. One of the most relevant areas in the technology development of functional dairy products, including yogurt, is the identification and use of promising types of traditional plant crops and wild fruit and berry raw materials. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of different doses of a mixture of dry powder suspension of sprouted wheat, and mashed bilberries and blueberries on organoleptic characteristics, individual physical and chemical properties and safety of yogurt. The work is done in of the "Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy". While the research, a set of generally accepted standard research methods was used. Objects of research are samples of yogurt thermostatic with different doses of the components: 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5% of suspension of powder of sprouted wheat and 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; 11.0; 13.0% mashed bilberries and blueberries (1.5: 1.0). The fermentation was performed using dry starter cultures YO-MIX 495 LYO 100 DCU, Danisco Cultures. According to the results of a study designed and optimized component composition of yoghurt, selected dose, the stage and method of making milk of a mixture of additives, experimental studies on adjustment and sequence of technological modes of production of a particular group of samples of yoghurt. Optimal application dose of suspension of sprouted wheat powder in milk mixture amounted to 1.5%, puree of bilberries and blueberries(1.5:1.0) of 7.0%. In the obtained enriched sample the content of carbohydrates increases to 5.40–5.45%, the content of vitamin C-to 3.65-3.75 mg/%. Yogurt meets the requirements established CU TR 021/2011, CU TR 033/2013 and GOST 31981.

The amylosecontents in starch is one of its qualitycharacteristics. Generally it is a specific sign of astarch-containing material and the starch received from it. Physical and chemical properties of starch and its use in the national economy depend on it. In small quantities the amylose is received by starch fractionating. It is the difficult and expensive technology. Selectors carry out research workson creation of new varieties of potatoes, grain and leguminous crops with the increased content of amylose in starch. They need techniques of definition of amylose in different types of raw materials. But before developing a technique, it is necessary to investigate optical properties of this or that type of starch and the components making it. It showed from researches, different types of starchhad differentoptical properties of itscomponents. For example, the technique developed for definition of amylose in corn starch isn't acceptable for its definition in starch of triticale and wheat. Earlier we studied properties of iodine polysaccharides of corn and triticale starches and factors affecting the optical properties of iodine polysaccharides. In this work it was investigated the influence of amylose, concentration of iodine and potassium iodide at KI:I from 3 to 15 on an optical density of wheat iodine polysaccharidessolutions. It is established that the iodine amylose of wheat has a maximum at 600 nanometers, an iodine amylopectin has at 565 nanometers. Spectra of wheatpolysaccharides differ in value of an optical density ?max and a form of curves from related polysaccharides of triticale. Concentration of an iodine in the studied solution has to be equal 0.6 mg/cm3, and a ratio of potassium iodide to an iodine has to be 5.

The use of intensive technologies in industrial livestock leads to an increase in the stress sensitivity of animals, a decrease in their immune status and the development of pathological conditions. To increase the safety of young stock, including by reducing its incidence and death from diseases, feed additives are being developed, including probiotics, prebiotics and (or) other components that stimulate the immunological resistance of animals, their growth and productivity. This article examines the effectiveness of the use of a complex feed additive containing a multienzyme enzyme preparation, the probiotic preparation Prolam and amaranth oilcake to increase the efficiency of growing calves. The studies were performed on calves of the red-motley breed from 10 days of age in Voronezhpishcheprodukt LLC. The study of the effect of the feed additive on the immune and clinical status was carried out on 40 calves, which were divided into 4 groups. The calves of the three experimental groups used the feed additive at a dosage of 5, 10 and 15 g per day from day 10, the control drug was not used. The use of a complex feed additive to calves in the neonatal period helps to optimize the process of formation of intestinal microbiocenosis, increase the body's natural resistance and adaptive immune response to antigenic effects, accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of animals, the duration and severity of gastrointestinal pathology. The use of the feed additive in the dosage of 10–15 g / head per day favorably affected the growth rate and the natural resistance of the body of calves. The data obtained are the basis for the inclusion of feed additives in the diet of young farm animals.

A technique is proposed for the experimental determination of internal friction in food materials, as well as a device based on a torsion pendulum with laser registration of the angle of rotation, which ensures the minimum relative displacement of the layers of the material under study in the measurement process. The definition of internal friction is based on finding the attenuation of a torsion pendulum connected to a cylinder immersed in the medium under study. As an example of the application of the method to food systems, the dependence of internal friction on viscosity in solutions of sucrose and glycerin is determined. This dependence is linear for sucrose solutions and non-linear for glycerol solutions, which may be due to the interaction of hydrated molecules in solutions. Examples of the application of internal friction measurements in the study of membrane concentration processes are given. The method of internal friction was used as an auxiliary rheological method in a comprehensive study of the process of deposition of concentrated substances on membranes during ultra- and nanofiltration of whey. Thus, it has been shown that, despite the thinness in comparison with the membrane, the polarization layer makes a significant contribution to the internal friction of the membrane-layer system. This leads to a sharp decrease in the flow of curd whey filtrate through the membrane, compared with the flow of water under the same conditions. The dependence of internal friction on the concentration in the curd whey that underwent electroflotation treatment was determined, as well as the thermal isomerization of the lactose contained in it. Using such curves, the relationships between the permeability coefficient Lp * in the Kedem–Kachelsky equation and the parameters of the nanofiltration process of given food systems can be found.

A composite Co-Al2O3/SiO2/HZSM-5 catalyst has been developed for one-step synthesis of fuel series hydrocarbons from CO and H2. The catalyst was obtained by mixing and forming powders with a Co-Al2O3/SiO2 catalyst, zeolite HZSM-5, and boehmite Al(O)OH?H2O. The physicochemical methods XRD, PEM, BET established the phase composition of the catalyst, the particle size of cobalt (8.2 ± 1 nm), its specific surface area (286 m2/g). Tests were carried out in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 for 60 hours at a temperature of 240 ° C, a pressure of 2.0 MPa, and a gas flow rate of 1000 h-1. It is shown that synthesis gas diluted by 40% with nitrogen can produce liquid C5+ hydrocarbons with a selectivity of 69% and a productivity of 81 kg/(m3?h). The yield of С5+ hydrocarbons was 70 g/m3 of the leaked synthesis gas and 135 g/m3 of the converted synthesis gas. Synthetic oil has a molecular mass distribution close to monomodal (the probability of chain growth is 0.81), 88% consists of gasoline and diesel fractions and 12% of long-chain C19+ hydrocarbons. The ratio of isomeric hydrocarbons to normal hydrocarbons (iso/n) is 1,26, and the ratio of olefinic hydrocarbons to paraffinic hydrocarbons is 0,97. In the gasoline fraction of hydrocarbons (C5-C10), a high content of alkenes of normal and branched structure (76,3%) is noted, the proportion of iso-alkanes and n-alkanes is 10,8 and 12,9%, respectively. The catalyst showed stable operation, the rate of its deactivation is comparable to the rate of deactivation of a commercial bifunctional catalyst.

The kinetics of the process of using phosphorus-containing mineral compounds by their decomposition, which are actual problems, has been studied. At beginning of the it have been notified that the process takes place in two stages. These stages of the process are differed from each another mainly by rate of process realization, because a rate of the first stage is much more that a rate of the second stage. This fact is a reason of the deep research of kinetic of given process. Apart from that a detailed study of these processes connect with some problems of enter prices. All these question are analizied in the work, also the information by methodical carry out of experiments. Regime parameters correlation of components, concentrations of components, a time requite for realization of process are presented. The dependence of degree by different mass correlation of components from the time realization of process are also shown. In the work the types existence of precipitate, monitite brush it are shown. On base of received date a dissolubility of the base received product are graphically presented. In the work an influence of mass correlation of CaO?P2O5 and time of process realization on precipitation is studied. It have been determined that by 650C temperature a mass correlation of the base components must be equal to one, by that a time being used on neutralization process don’t play the practical role, because its increase and decrease don’t influence practically on process indices. The results shown that by equality of components CO?P2O5=1 correlation during four hours the precipitation degree makes up to 90,66 % and during 1 hour this index is 78,2 % for duringthe remaining three during this index is increased on 12 %. By using of these received data these is a possibility determination of the optimum technological conditions for given process. it is shown that there are opportunities to achieve processivization, to increase the use of raw materials and to obtain an environmentally friendly product with the introduction of regime parameters and component ratios in the absolute state.

This article presents an overview of promising catalysts, the selection of the most effective, calculated the economic effect of the introduction of a new catalyst. The selection of catalysts providing stability of operation and high rate of oxidation of hydrogen and methane flowing in the reactor P 2 of the helium fine purification unit of helium production from helium concentrate was made. To ensure the technological process in the production of chemical, gas processing and oil refining enterprises, catalysts of different modifications and types of both domestic and imported production are used. For stable operation and high oxidation rate of hydrogen and methane flowing in the reactor P-2 of the helium fine purification unit-22 of the Orenburg helium plant, the AP-56 aluminum-platinum catalyst is used. The catalyst AP-56 participating in oxidation processes in connection with the improvement of the technological process does not meet the standards established in the technological regulations, including an increase in hydrogen concentrations, and this in turn worsens the quality of gasoline fractions, in addition, the catalyst AP-56 is promoted by chlorine, which contributes to the development of corrosion on heat exchange equipment located after the reactor. The above circumstances forced manufacturers to reduce the production of aluminum-platinum catalyst AP-56. The most productive among the units of fine cleaning plant, which includes 3 similar compartments with a capacity of up to 400 Nm3/h for raw materials, is considered. To confirm of the selected catalysts on existing equipment and for implementation, the technological calculations of the catalytic purification unit were made, and the main indicators of the process were determined.

Studies on the analysis of composition of wastewater from chlorine and alkali production process, sampled at the treatment different stages, treated by electrolysis and the mercury cathode use, are presented in this paper. It is demonstrated that Hg-content range in the wastewater entering the post-treatment stage is 14.06–14.15 mg/dm3. Hg-ions sedimentation and filtration allow to reduce such content to 0.005 mg/dm3, while the final post-treatment stage with use of the anionite of АВ-17-8 type allows to achieve Hg-concentration in effluents discharged to water bodies with range of 0.001–0.002 mg/dm3. In addition to mercury, the wastewater contains relatively high concentrations of sodium, potassium, iron, aluminum and calcium ions. The main anion type in waste water is a chlorine anion; its content can be significantly reduced only after the post-treatment with the anionites. Experimental studies were carried out on the use of carbon sorbents in the process of wastewater post-treatment with regard to Hg-ions after the sedimentation and filtration stage. Tests of modified carbon sorbents for Hg-ion removal from standardized test solutions with different concentrations were carried out under static conditions. It was demonstrated that the higher post-treatment degrees were achieved with active carbons of АГ-3 and АГ-5 types, modified with HNO3 and MnS. Purification degree was 97–99% with 1,0-11,8 mg/dm3 Hg-concentration in treated solutions. Usage effectiveness of active carbons of АГ-3 and АГ-5 types (produced at “Sorbent JSC” Perm, Russia), modified with active compounds, was demonstrated.

In the electroplating industry, large volumes of water are used, which are polluted at various stages in the process. Waste water containing transition metal ions is not only a dangerous source of environmental pollution, but also valuable waste. Taking into account the problems associated with the ecology and the rational use of natural resources, it is necessary to create low- and non-waste production, in particular, to develop new technological processes and appropriate equipment, to introduce water-circulation cycles. This paper presents the results of a study of the sorption of copper (II) and nickel (II) cations by the FIBAN X-1 ion exchange fiber. Calorimetric studies of the thermal effects of the interaction of FIBAN X-1 fiber with solutions of copper (II) and nickel (II) nitrates were carried out. It is shown that the power, thermal effect and time of the process depend on the nature and concentration of metal ions in the solution. Based on the experimental data, the enthalpy of the process was calculated. The endothermic effect of the process is explained by the energy costs associated with dehydration effects and changes in the conformation of the polymer fiber chains. Sorption isotherms of these ions were obtained. It has been established that at all concentrations studied, Ni2 + ions under these conditions are absorbed by ion exchange fibers better than Cu2 + cations. The calculated sorption constants for copper (II) and nickel (II) are greater than 1. It is shown that the Langmuir equation describes the sorption isotherm better than the Freundlich equation. For deep purification of waste water from metal ions, it was proposed to use the fibrous sorbent FIBAN X-1.

The conducted information review showed that there are various types of radio absorbing materials.  The expansion of the working wavelength range for radio-absorbing composites is possible due to the combined use of conductive fillers, characterized by different magnetic and dielectric characteristics and the value of electrical conductivity.  As a rule, the increase in the efficiency of radio absorption of materials is associated with an increase in the concentration of metal fillers in them, as a result of which the weight and size parameters increase proportionally.  To avoid this, the use of carbon nanomaterials, which have the ability to create self-organizing hierarchical structures in the bulk of the composite, allows.  Varying the composition of the catalytic systems of the CVD process allows directional synthesis of carbon nanomaterials with the necessary morphological characteristics.  To assess the effect of the composition of the catalyst on the morphology and structure of the synthesized CNTs, 3 Ni / MgO catalyst compositions with different contents of the active component (Ni) were selected.  The effectiveness of the obtained catalysts was determined by the specific yield of CNTs (gC/gkat).  The morphology and structure of the catalysts and the synthesized CNTs were studied by means of scanning by transmission electron microscopy. The use of a nickel-based catalyst provides the material with magnetic properties.  The diameter of carbon filiform formations synthesized on Ni/0.16MgO and Ni / 0.3MgO catalysts is ~ 30 ÷ 60 nm.  The Ni/0.5MgO system is characterized by low productivity in one-dimensional nanostructures; the sample after the CVD process contains a large number of unstructured forms of carbon and an unchanged catalyst.  Structural diversity in carbon nanomaterials allows to obtain on their basis an effective hierarchical structure in the radio absorbing composite..

The article presents studies of nano-modified heat-accumulating materials controlled by a magnetic field. Paraffin is used as a material with the effect of energy accumulation in the phase transition. Carbon nanotubes are used to modify paraffin. For the synthesis of carbon nanotubes used catalyst Co-Mo/Al2O3-MgO. The synthesis process is based on the CVD method. The method of obtaining nanomodified paraffin with ferromagnetic properties is described. To impart paraffin ferromagnetic properties, a ferromagnetic powder previously ground with carbon nanotubes was introduced into it. Mechanical activation was used for the ferromagnetic powder, which provided particles with an average size of 5 ?m. The analysis of charge control regimes of a paraffin-based heat-accumulating material was carried out using a non-contact method for measuring the temperature field. For this purpose, the FLUKE Ti9 thermal imager with a 160 x 120 radiation detector and a matrix in the focal plane and a measurement range from -20 to +250? was used. The morphology and structure of the synthesized carbon nanotubes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (a Hitachi H-800 transmission electron microscope). The behavior of the modified paraffin in the conditions of mineral motor oil under the influence of electromagnetic fields was studied. The design of a heat accumulator for working with a magnetically controlled heat-accumulating material is proposed. It is established that the heat transfer in the system is provided by two simultaneously occurring processes of natural and thermomagnetic convection. In turn, convection can be realized by changing the magnetic susceptibility with a change in temperature and with a geometric change in the position of a magnet or a group of magnets.

Red Muds (R.M.) – waste of bauxite reprocessing by the Bayer's method include many rare elements, such as Gallium, Titanium, Zirconium, Rare Earth Elements and Scandium, concentration of which in its reached 130 g/t. In the problem solving of Scandium extraction from R.M. get a two directions: immediate leaching of Scandium from R.M. and in passing Scandium recovery under complexing processing of R.M. The method of carbonate leaching of Scandium from R.M., which was work out in Institute of Solid State Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Urals Branch, include saturation by carbon dioxide of alkaline solutions, obtained after water process of R.M. and allow up to 20 % Scandium recovery in solutions. It is not effective for work out of technological scheme of R.M. processing. In recent paper, the chemical aspects of carbonate leaching of Scandium from R.M. in heterogeneous systems solid – liquid – gas carbon dioxide were investigated to determine of conditions for more Scandium recovery from R.M. It was shown, that Scandium leaching by aqueous sodium solutions without carbon dioxide gives small recovery yield and accompanied by alkaline hydrolysis under high pH in concentrated Na2CO3 solutions. Under saturation by carbon dioxide of carbonate R.M. pulp, the hydrolytic polymerization of hydroxocarbonates of Scandium and Aluminum in presence of carbonic acid proton take place. In the both process secondary precipitates are settle down and reduce of Scandium recovery yield. For increase of Scandium recovery from R.M. it is necessary to exclude the secondary precipitates under carbonate leaching with saturation by carbon dioxide.

The aim of this work is to study the immobilization ability of new composite materials based on polyethylene (PE) and polysaccharides (PS) in relation to the biocenosis of activated sludge (AS). The objects of the study were selected composite materials of the following composition: PE : pure microcellulose (MCc), PE : waste microcellulose (MCw), PE : starch (ST), at a ratio of components PE : PS = 70:30 wt.%. The objectives of the study were to determine the main morphological parameters of new composites (porosity, roughness, density), assessment of hydrochemical and hydrobiological state of AS (silt index, mass concentration of silt, species composition) until it locks into composites, assessment of the immobilization ability of the studied materials by biomass weight gain, monitoring of the state of AS after fixing. The tests found that the composite of structure of PE : MCc of has a density of 410 kg/m3 and a porosity of 60%, the roughness of 3.5; the composite of structure of PE : MCw has a density of 590 kg/m3 and a porosity of 40%, roughness of 2.0, composite of structure of PE : ST has a density of 640 kg/m3 and a porosity of 50%, the roughness of 2.5; wherein the reference sample - PE - has the parameters: density 860 kg/m3 and a porosity of 0%, roughness 0. To determine the immobilization capacity of the new composite materials, a laboratory experimental immobilizer was used, which is a container filled with 70% of the useful volume of the active sludge suspension and 30% of the floating loading samples. Immobilization was carried out under aeration conditions during 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours. As a result of tests it is established that the sample of structure of PE : MCc for 72 hours of immobilization showed a gain of biomass of the order of 12%, the sample of structure of PE : MCw - 5%, the sample of structure of PE : ST – 7%, PE – 3%. The condition of the organisms AS after fixing was evaluated by washings with immobilized samples, as a result of microscopy of washouts, the presence of living representatives of the biocenosis of AS in all samples was established, but they differ in number: for the sample of structure of PE : MCc - numerous, PE : MCw, PE : ST - average number, PE - small number. Further studies on the modification of the synthetic polyolefin matrix by functional fillers, including those from a number of polysaccharides, are of interest, allowing to increase the affinity of the carrier material with the extracellular matrix of activated sludge.

In order to improve the properties of concrete, various chemical additives are introduced into the concrete mix which can significantly reduce the level of costs per unit of production, improve the quality and effectiveness of concrete and reinforced concrete structures, increase their service life as well as buildings and structures as a whole. This paper presents the results of the regulation of the setting speed, strength and frost resistance of concrete modified with the universal additive BEST LLC “Makra”. Portland cement CEM I 42.5 B of Mordovcement OJSC was used as a binder; the aggregates were enriched quartz sand from the Khromtsovskoye deposit with a size of 2.4 and granite rubble of the Orsk deposit of 5–20 mm with water absorption of 0.2% .The effect of the universal BEST additive on the construction and technical properties of concrete was studied by determining the binder system setting speed and the hardened composition strength characteristics. Data analysis showed that the introduction of a regulator in the amount of 0.3% into the concrete mixture contributes to the long-term preservation of its mobility (up to 4 hours) due to the water-proof modifier adsorption layer formation on the cement grains surface. With an increase in the content (0.5–1.0%) of BEST in the system the concrete setting speed acceleration was established due to the additive deflorulating effect. We have identified an increase in the strength characteristics of the modified (by 41%) concrete compared with no additional. Besides, the introduction of the universal additive BEST allows you to adjust the concrete frost resistance ~2 times possibly due to accelerated formation of calcium hydroxides gels.

The article discusses the methodological foundations of the classification of investments in enterprises of the tourism industry of the Russian Federation. Considered the need for implementation and identified key factors of innovation in the tourism sector. The most important and significant factors directly influencing the intensity of innovation in the functioning of subjects of the tourism sector include the following: the increase in the level of competition in modern tourism is a direct consequence of the transition of subjects of the tourism sector from aggressive price competition to the principles of competition as part of increasing the quality level and optimal ratio quality and price indicators; The rapidly growing needs of modern society are forcing tourism enterprises to form more sophisticated, rich and diverse products and offer the most unified and, at the same time, extraordinary services; the active development of information, technical and communication technologies stimulate the subjects of the tourism sector to introduce and apply the latest achievements of science and technology to improve performance indicators and meet the needs of tourists; the intensification of globalization processes is the reason for the diversification of the production of tourism services and the unification of tourism enterprises at the national and international levels. It has been established that innovation in the field of tourism needs to be understood as a qualitatively new product that comprehensively allows to meet the existing and potential needs of tourists and get the maximum effect (socio-economic, financial, etc.). It is determined that the state and development of the industry determine the possibilities for implementing innovation and investment activities of a separate tourism enterprise, based on its internal needs and available resources. It was found that the generalization and complex systematization of classification elements and features, as well as the formation of a scientifically based list of innovations used in the operation of companies in the tourism sector, has significant practical significance, since it determines the potential ability to give a detailed idea of the characteristics of a particular innovation.

The purpose of the scientific research presented in this article is the development of the methodological bases for the management of industrial park structures as objects of management. The necessity of the development and development of adaptive management in modern economic conditions is substantiated. The author set the task of exploring the possibilities of adaptive management technology in the context of the development of a stakeholder approach theory for industrial park structures, involving a large number of stakeholders that directly and indirectly influence activities and the subsequent distribution of the results of these activities among stakeholders effects. The central task of the adaptive management of the industrial park structure as an object of management is the search for a mechanism to adapt the strategic priorities of its existence and the corresponding streamlining of decisions and activities in accordance with the identified strategic priorities. The characteristic features of Management by objectives (MBO), proposed in 1954 by Peter Drucker (DruckerP.), The modified Tableau de bord system developed by Chiapello E., Lebas M., and the concept and adaptive management of key performance indicators Key Performance Indicators ( KPI). The study revealed trends in the structure of services provided by consulting companies for the implementation of adaptive management systems in Russia. A sectoral profile of implemented projects on the implementation of adaptive management systems in Russian companies is presented. The methodological problems of implementing an adaptive control system are studied. In conclusion, the author proposes a methodology for adaptive management of an industrial park structure based on building a set of strategic measures aimed at leveling the development strategy of an industrial park structure depending on the state of development indicators, including for the purpose of making decisions on regulating this system, the set of possible options in case of rejection of the indicative assessment of the result of the activity of the stakeholder.

A conceptual approach to attracting investment in the Voronezh region, which is characterized by taking into account the peculiarities of the region in the social, economic, geopolitical areas of activity, is proposed. The analysis and assessment of existing resources for economic growth: human resources, geographical location of the region, raw materials and natural resources, provision of the region with engineering resources. The basic principles of creating an export-oriented economy are formulated: support for domestic manufacturers operating in accordance with international quality standards; deepening the degree of processing of raw materials supplied to the international market; Attraction of investments in the sphere of production. In the context of the sanctions geopolitical situation, the need for an aggressive concept to attract investment in the region's economy has been substantiated. In this aspect, a comparative analysis of the state of the economy of the Voronezh region and other regional economies was carried out. The ways of solving problems related to attracting investments to the region, based on the principle of attracting the Big Four companies (Ernst & Young, Delloite & Touche, KPMG, PricewaterhouseCooper) to the development of the concept of regional investment policy on outsourcing terms, are shown.The solutions found are indirectly verified using the example of investment management experience at the state level (the experience of the PRC). The positive experience of increasing the investment attractiveness obtained in the course of the organizational and administrative activities of the authors in the management of Concern Sozvezdie OJSC has been taken into account and developed.

The number of the innovative centers in a total amount of technological infrastructure in the world increases. One of trends of development of global economy is growth of speed of changes, including entry into the market of new types of products and services. The key trigger of these changes are "blasting" innovations which are characteristic of the fourth technological revolution which is taking place now. The program of support of clusters which is implemented since 2013 by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation receives the logical continuation, including in the innovative scientific and technological centers. In article the review of uncontested global trends of scientific and technological and innovative development in the conditions of the Fourth industrial revolution and the Industry 4.0 on the basis of which the principles of design and the organization of functioning of innovative infrastructures are created is carried out. The research of the systems of strategic management of breakthrough technological development, best in the class, is conducted. It is shown that for realization of breakthrough technological development it is necessary to create basic technological packages and technological packages of the second order on the basis of basic research packages. In a research the approach of intellectual and strategic scanning ("Strategic Intelligence") which is the significant instrument of management, concentrated on the solution of specific questions by scanning of a business environment is applied, marking out at the same time risks, threats and opportunities. The growing practical application of such approach is caused by need to solve unique research problems in new subject domains on which there is no saved-up knowledge base. A number of the methods which are originally used for the solution of separate planned and expected tasks unites thus in the uniform complete concept. Results of a research can be used as a theoretical basis for carrying out transformation of the innovative environment in the industries, regions, industrial complexes.

Among the existing characteristics of a financial condition of the enterprise a specific place is held by a three-component financial situation indicator (degree of a covering of stocks by own sources) which considers some arti-cles of balance which are seldom used at usual assessment of a financial state. Therefore for establishment of im-portance of this indicator it is offered to pass from a discrete three-component indicator to a continuous indicator – coefficient of sufficiency of a stocks covering with own sources of means and to carry out the correlation analysis of communication of the last with results of the scoring analysis of the same enterprises. To consider influence of a three-component indicator on the general results of assessment of a financial state, the technique of accounting of its influence on the example of indicators of structure of the capital is developed, i.e. the set of the considered finan-cial coefficients due to introduction of additional sign – the mentioned coefficient of sufficiency of a stocks cover-ing is expanded own sources. Comparison of estimates of the generalized indicator of structure of the capital before expansion at the expense of sufficiency coefficient in an indistinct set form allows define the recommended scopes of the offered approach.

The world experience of implementation of import substitution strategy is being studied; reveals the essence of the main models; Identify those aspects that will prove useful in modern Russian conditions. The development of import-substituting industries according to the intra-oriented strategy is carried out in order to develop exclusively the domestic market of the country. From the point of view of the national economy, this strategy leads to the preservation of the backlog, primarily in the field of technological and scientific-technical cooperation and prevents the emergence of industries in the economy-locomotives that can ensure the world level of progress. The use of this model of import substitution has become a determining trend in the development of the so-called new industrial countries (NIS).The intra-oriented strategy of import substitution plays a stimulating role in creating a diversified national economy, expanding the production of important goods on its own. The conceptual basis for the implementation of this strategy was the theory of the peripheral economy, developed by a group of Latin American scientists headed by the Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission. According to this concept, the demand for products. The use of the designated model of import substitution has become a trend of development of the so-called new industrial countries of Latin America. Another option for the implementation of import substitution policy can be a strategy of foreign-oriented import substitution, which is characterized by the achievement of structural changes in the economy through the replacement of imported components and parts in export products. Implementation of import-substituting policy, according to this model, involves the development of production of national goods on a sufficiently large domestic market, followed by their promotion on the world market.

The article analyzes the causes of priority development territories (TOR), discussed the benefits provided by the state to residents of the top, highlighted the steps of forming the top. The territory of the advanced social and economic development is understood to be part of the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, including a closed administrative and territorial formation, in which, in accordance with the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, a special legal regime for the implementation of entrepreneurial and other activities is established to create favorable conditions for attracting investments, socio-economic development and the creation of comfortable conditions for the provision of livelihoods nosti population. The objectives of the creation of priority development areas are: the development of high-tech sectors of the economy, improving the competitiveness of the economy, creating new jobs and improving the quality of human resources, the alignment of the territorial imbalances, the production of new import-substituting and export-oriented products, and more. The need to attract investment to the territory, not only the problem of the Russian Federation regions and the country as a whole, has become another impetus for the creation of areas of advancing socio-economic development. For residents of the TOP, the following rights are provided: the right to release VAT from the duties of a taxpayer for 10 years from the date of obtaining the status of a TOP resident; establishment of a zero VAT rate in respect of goods (works, services) imported to the TOP for use by TOP residents; use of accelerated depreciation on the objects of depreciable property belonging to them; a lowered rate of corporate income tax. Thanks to the above measures, the cost reduction of business will be from 40%, which will be a huge incentive for business opening in the territories of Eastern Siberia and the Far East.

Informatization and globalization of the economy, as well as the reduction of the share of traditional structures and industries, the expansion of services, knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries are a prerequisite for structural reforms of the economy of the Russian Federation and its subjects, which are necessary in the conditions of innovative development and digitalization of the economy. The digital economy, in its most General form, is a new type of economy in which relations about the production, processing, storage, transmission and use of increasing amounts of data are fundamental. The digital economy is the Foundation of the economy and has an impact on a variety of industries such as banking, retail, transport, energy, education, health and many others. The digitalization of the economy places significant demands on the structural transformations taking place at the regional level. The authors found that the methodology of structural transformations in terms of transformation of its following elements should change radically: goals, principles, factors, barriers, directions. The implementation of structural reforms of the region's economy, taking into account the requirements of the digital economy, will allow to obtain the following effects: the possibility of social lift – ensuring the growth of human capital (from school to implementation in economic life); stimulating business activity and the development of remote employment – increasing professional mobility; attracting investment in the region due to the rapid deployment of virtual infrastructure; reducing criminalization in society, socio-economic growth.

In modern development conditions of Russian energy sector, the innovative approach method is recommended to use. Due to the presence number of global and local problems, the need to modernize the social reality in energy management arise. In these conditions, the major tool is the innovative social designing. The innovative development of energy, described in the framework of long cycles, appears today in a dual context: technological (improving the efficiency of existing technological processes, the emergence of fundamentally new technologies and energy resources) and social (development of synergetic and Smart directions, organizational management and systems of integrated innovation management). Innovative processes, their implementation in new products and technologies are the foundations of economic development. In the works of foreign authors developed the theoretical foundations of the organization of social innovation projects, much attention is paid to the introduction of scientific and technical achievements, taking into account the features of modern production. Innovation as an economic category is now more relevant than ever and reflects the most common features, attributes, links and relations of production and implementation of innovations. Innovation as an economic category is now more relevant than ever and reflects the most common features, attributes, links and relations of production and implementation of innovations. Innovation plays a special role in improving the competitiveness of enterprises. Social innovations in the energy sector offer alternative development models and greater stakeholder participation, but there is a number of features in this type of innovation. In the current economic conditions, it is necessary to maximize efforts in the field of practical application of social innovation projects in the energy sector, a successful implementation of which provides opportunities for alternative development models and ensures the competitive attractiveness of business entities for both the consumer groups and investment infusions.

The article considers t the problem of determination of the degree of influence of uncertainty factors on the performance of an agricultural enterprise. Uncertainty and risk are an integral part of business life, and in agriculture they are all the more significant, since agricultural companies are greatly dependent on the influence of natural factors and phenomena. Consequently, the assessment of the directions and the strength of the impact of risk factors is of great importance for the plans and projects for the company's activities. After carrying out a schematic factor analysis of the financial results of the agricultural enterprise, the author selected parameters such as crop yields and average selling price, for analyzing the degree of exposure to uncertain factors. Since both the selected parameters are affected by a large number of both certain factors and factors uncontrollable for the company's management, the author finds it unacceptable to apply factor analysis to them. In the first place, the author justifies this by the difficulty in determining the weights of each influencing factor. Instead, the author suggests grouping all the factors on the basis of their certainty and definition of the influence degree for each group. For this purpose, the variability of each parameter in different series was analyzed: for several years in one enterprise and for one year in a number of similar enterprises. It was found that fluctuations in crop yields by enterprises were higher than by years. This forced the author to bring out the conclusion that there is a significantly greater influence of certain factors on this indicator. On the other hand, when analyzing prices, the opposite situation emerged: here the influence of uncertain factors is much stronger. As a result, the proposal was made for the projecting method, such as economic and mathematical modeling, to use the data from both the firm being the subject of modeling, and from the similar enterprises available from the regional Department of Agriculture. In this case, the accuracy of the forecast will be much higher, besides, it can be developed in 3 or 5 probability scenarios.

The study substantiates the idea that the key task of managing competitiveness is the proof of the viability of the goods produced and the creation of conditions for the struggle for the consumer with the help of modern methods of ensuring customer satisfaction. Under these conditions, models of demand formalization and determining the competitiveness of products become particularly relevant. The Noriaka Kano model of attractiveness is considered, which makes it possible to single out the existing features of products of a particular manufacturer that are not found in competing analog products that could increase the competitiveness of the products studied. The article presents the results of a study of consumer satisfaction with meat products of OJSC “Sagunovsky Meat Processing Plant” by the method of N. Kano, identified factors that increase the attractiveness of products and the competitive advantages of an enterprise in the market. The authors compiled a questionnaire, which allowed to identify various degrees of satisfaction with the properties of the meat products of the plant. A feature of the content of the questionnaire questions was a combination of positive and negative questions, which made it possible to form the most complete picture of the attractiveness of the properties of meat products. The result of the processing of the obtained data was the calculation of the satisfaction and dissatisfaction potentials of consumers of the plant’s products and the mapping of characteristics. Products produced by the meat processing plant may have a high potential quality, i.e. Comply with state standart and generally accepted specifications, but high real quality is achieved only in the process of using the product and customer satisfaction. The study showed that in the company's strategy little attention is paid to improving the product line in the premium segment, as well as to those characteristics of meat products that are not directly related to the basic properties of the sausage, but make the consumer happy. The meat factory needs to reconsider approaches to the development and implementation of product policy, in particular, to revise the requirements for smell, cutting and high content of spices in sausage. The use of this model will allow the company to develop measures to increase the attractiveness of products and improve the strategy of product promotion on the market.

We considered the implementation of the effective management strategy of the innovation process from the point of view of its integration and existing problems. We have marked the role of priorities that explain the interrelation of the levels of the state planning and the innovation processes management of socio-economic systems. We have shown the substantive part of the strategic planning and the role of the tools ensuring the achievement of goals and objectives of innovation processes. We have summarized the content of the strategic planning. The research results of the tools role determined the conditions of the innovation infrastructure formation and the list of its components. We used the following tools for the analysis: direct government influence; unity of monetary and fiscal policies; consolidated revenue policy; reforming of the conditions, the traditions and the practices of interaction between the banking and real sectors of the national economy. We applied a retrospective approach during the analysis of the innovation infrastructure algorithm. The authors made the correction of the analysis using the concept of national innovation systems (NIS). We made the conclusions based on the author’s point of view due to the lack of a generalized definition and the methodology of the NIS in the academic literature. We proposed a lineal algorithm that provides and implements the strategy of managing the innovation processes, as well as the tools. We highlighted the factors that prevent the problems in the formation of an effective management, and we have also pointed out that it is necessary to take into account the specific conditions of the country, its trends and challenges. Based on the analysis, we named the additional features to trace the management problems. We suggested the measures to ensure the greatest effectiveness of the implementation of the effective management strategy from the standpoint of mentality and timeliness. The author's algorithm has been justified as the most feasible in the modern conditions, revealing the existing interrelations between the subjects of the innovation process.

The article is devoted to the methodology of formation and optimization of the company's equity. In a market economy, the financial stability of the firm, depending on the financial condition, is one of the most important factors in the life of the firm and the development of entrepreneurial activity. A positive financial condition determines the competitiveness of the company in the market. It also helps in cooperation with creditors in the financial aspect. The financial condition demonstrates the ability of the organization to Finance activities with its own funds, as well as to manage them rationally in relations with other persons. Therefore, the goal of any company – to maintain a stable, stable financial condition and profit. The most important for the development of the company is the formation and increase of equity capital. The article deals with various methodological approaches to the formation of the company's equity. The traditional position of equity formation and its optimization is found in accounting, as well as in the special economic literature. However, in the study of different approaches to determining the final result of financial and economic activities of the company, such interpretation raises serious objections. The initial stage of capital formation management of the company is to determine the need for the required amount. Optimization of the total capital requirement of the company is achieved by various methods, which eventually allow to achieve a positive result of the company. The article focuses on the areas in the field of ensuring the adoption of operational management decisions on the choice of sources of financing of economic activities of firms from the position of ensuring a sufficient level of solvency and improving the efficiency of capital use. The main stages of the optimization process of the capital of the company)

The article deals with the content of the category “sustainable development”. Through the understanding of the signs of sustainable development, the goals of economic entities are substantiated, the directions of transformation of the economic system in accordance with the goals of sustainable development are determined. The goal of modern society is to make more and more profit. The current crisis reveals the limits of profit: markets are becoming global, and further expansion of production is impossible, and credit opportunities to expand demand are becoming limited, which, in turn, are limited by the relatively declining incomes of the population. With the apparent improvement in the quality of life, GDP growth and other indicators, dissatisfaction with the modern economy increases. Since it is quite difficult to abandon the usual goals, the goals of economic entities should be refracted under the pressure of public interest. The spokesman of the public interest is government, but the initiative must come from the mass of the subject, able by his behavior to steer economic development in a new direction is households and individuals, including the self-employed. Orientation of households, each person is not on the maximization of utility, and harmonious creation is the goal of sustainable development. In accordance with this goal, there is no dependence on the constant increase and maintenance of income, the need to intensify labor, high dependence on the level of technology development. In conclusion, the authors suggest that the change of the socio-economic development of society in the direction of sustainable development involves the abandonment of big business, the possible introduction of full or partial policy of protectionism, full state control over the branches of natural monopolies (electricity, utilities, transport, etc.), the nomination as criteria for assessing the development of non-cost indicators of production and capital growth, and indicators of preservation of the biosphere and individual satisfaction with living conditions.

Utilities are an important part of the population's livelihood. The quality and reliability of public services determines the standard of living of the population. The provision of quality services to the population is one of the indicators of the region's development. That is why it is so important to correctly predict and develop Programs that affect the performance of public services. The main component of the successful development of housing and communal services is a competent management environment. Management in the municipal economy is a process of achieving the objectives and stated objectives by the subjects of management, through the implementation of measures on the objects of management. To implement these measures and improve the level of services provided, programs are being developed for the integrated development of municipal infrastructure systems in the territory. Program of complex development of systems of municipal infrastructure is a mechanism for the implementation of the powers of municipalities in the field of providing consumers with quality and affordable utilities, as well as a key document that determines the vector of development of engineering infrastructure in the long term (in accordance with the term of the master plan). The implementation of programs for the integrated development of municipal and social infrastructure is a mechanism for the implementation Of the strategy for the development of housing and communal services in the Russian Federation. Development of programs of complex development of systems of municipal and social infrastructure is necessary for ensuring resource saving, formation of market mechanisms of functioning of housing and communal complex, increase of level of quality and availability of services of health care and education the defining signs which should be paid attention at development of the Program, to consider them and key features of each territory are Revealed. Through the implementation of the measures included in the Program, it is possible to achieve high standards of living, the quality of public services and the maximum level of availability of services in the housing and communal sector.

The formation of the organizational structure of a unique project (without prototypes) refers to the general problem of optimizing the management of processes in irreversible systems of various types. At the same time, an increase in the dimension of the system requires the construction of models not only for particular situations of the objective environment, but also for models that take into account the nature of the dynamics of changes in the parameters of the management process throughout the planning horizon. The article considers the problem from the perspective of information theory, which allows the most abstract method (not limited to a specific subject area) to carry out modeling and optimization of the structure of a control system with a complex, unparalleled project. Information in the economic system is heterogeneous, probabilistic, and has various quantitative characteristics, used to varying degrees in the modeling of complex management processes. The problem of synthesizing the structure of an organizational management system includes the choice of the number of levels and subsystems, as well as the principles of management organization; synthesis of the structure of the system for collecting, transmitting and processing information; addressing issues related to optimizing the hierarchy of the system, ensuring the effective performance of management functions and the achievement of goals. In the tasks of analysis and synthesis of the organizational structure of unique projects, the apparatus of the transfer functions of the classical control theory is used. The organizational structure was modeled at the most abstract level in terms of information theory. The proposed method of optimizing the organizational structure, taking into account the principle of the information value of the resources of the management system. The representation of the management process as a transitional process (a dynamic process of information transformation) allows to reconcile the dynamic characteristics of the control system hardware and the human factor operating in it.

The article considers socio-economic measures of reduction of unemployment. In today's economic conditions, the authors highlight the state of the labour market, characterized the level of market infrastructure development, deformity in workers ' income, level of qualification of university graduates, presence of "shadow" sector of labor market ; and also movement in the labour market: natural movement, change of pension system, high level of hidden unemployment, low wages, decline of production, migration processes. The structure of the employed by age groups is considered, the indicators characterizing both the state and the movement in the labor market are studied, the decrease in the number of workers associated with natural processes is shown (decrease of fertility and increase of the level of Population mortality). The example of one of the districts of Voronezh investigated Model determining the degree of economic efficiency of the population potential; MThe dress includes calculation of Pokazatelejpotenciala labour resources of youth unemployment indicators. It is proposed to include Further formation of the labour market and reduction of unemployment rate the following mechanisms: offshoring, increase of work experience, account of migration of population, control of outflowWorkers, released from different branches of the national economy, raising the level of skills of youth, which for the first time enters the labour force, increasing the feminization of the working population (women with young children), Employment of persons unemployed in the economy, control over labour bodies and other methods of attracting temporarily unemployed population. It is proposed to expand the capacity of the labour and employment bodies not only to assess the prospects of inclusion of their work, but also to work on identifying and registering hidden Bezraboticyipo stimulating measures to reduce unemployment.

The article discusses the possibilities of applying foreign experience in using public-private partnerships (PPP) in construction, presents classifications of forms of public-private partnerships. In economic practice, in addition to traditional construction contracts in a number of developing foreign countries, combinations of service contracts, management contracts, leases, construction, operation, transfer and variety of contracts, concessions have found wide application. The development of PPPs led to contracts with a long warranty period (up to 10 years), after which the operation and maintenance services were added to the contract throughout the warranty period of the contract. To reduce the cost of operating the facility, a private partner has the motivation to apply modern and effective solutions at the design stage. The forms directly related to construction are considered in more detail. On the basis of foreign experience, contractor relations in Russia and the possibility of applying contracts based on foreign forms were evaluated. The most significant are the following forms: Design-Construction, Construction-Operation-Transfer, Construction-Transfer-Operation, Property-Operation-Transfer, Construction-Property-Operation, Design-Finance-Construction-Operation, Construction-Rent-Transfer-Maintenance, Rent-Repair-Operation-Transfer. In the Russian practice, contractual relations are based on the separation of the forms “Design” and “Construction”, while the outdated form in the developed foreign countries “Design-Construction” is considered progressive in the domestic economy. For the development of the construction industry, it is necessary not only to consider the classification of PPP forms, but also to provide for the possibility of using the evolutionary development of contractual relations that have passed in foreign practice and the possibility of using them in the Russian economy.

The authors gave an overview of the innovation ecosystem formation theme development, built a logical model of the innovation infrastructure, defined the roles of the main actors. To create an innovation ecosystem in the Volgograd region, it is necessary to study the foreign experience and experience of the regions of the Russian Federation and adapt it to the socio-economic conditions of the Volgograd region. In Russia, innovation ecosystems at the regional level are only being formed. The most successful developments in innovation infrastructure building are found in the universities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Perm, Samara, Kazan, Rostov-on-Don. The authors based on the analysis of the dynamics of statistical indicators for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the Volgograd region, data ratings characterizing the innovation processes in the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as analyzing the existing infrastructure for supporting SMEs and innovative entrepreneurship, justified the need to create an innovative ecosystem in the Volgograd region. The authors have identified problems that reduce the efficiency of the infrastructure for supporting SMEs and innovative entrepreneurship, including weak interaction between knowledge generators and representatives of the business environment who are interested in their commercialization; insufficient development of social links between scientific institutions and innovative enterprises, insufficient coordination of the elements of regional innovation systems. The existing infrastructure is not built into the process of moving an idea from its generation to entering the market and does not contribute to the acceleration of innovative start-ups. The authors concluded that it is necessary to integrate an integrator in the innovative infrastructure, which performs the functions of informing and coordinating stakeholders, to intensify the flow of innovative projects by popularizing innovative activities; maintain a database of innovative projects, evaluate them, track successful projects and accelerate them.

The creation and development of industrial clusters is one of the tools for the development of industry, both regions and Russia as a whole. Industrial clusters create conditions for the advanced development of Russian industry. The formation of regional industry clusters is the most important stage in the creation of an innovative economy. The modernization of the industrial complex, the creation of new industrial regional clusters and clusters on an interregional basis will allow the region's economy to develop. This will ensure the growth of the share of high-tech industrial products of the Voronezh region in the overall structure of production in the national market. The effectiveness of the cluster approach is that it allows you to form a comprehensive view of the state policy of development of the region by supporting not just groups of enterprises and individual industries, and effective long-term relationships between them. In this regard, this paper describes the experience of the cluster approach to the development of industry in the region (on the example of the Voronezh region).