The extrusion process advantage of agricultural raw materials processing into food and feed over traditional technologies is the high specific productivity, energy efficiency and versatility of use. The presence of a large number of control factors and influence on the raw materials quality, such as operating parameters and structural elements, make extrusion a difficult reproducible process when scaling or moving from one installation to another. But this aspect is the reason for the maximum flexibility of extrusion systems and the possibility of their continuous improvement. One of the ways for the extrusion technology development is the improvement of equipment and design solutions in the field of energy saving. Investigations of the thermoplastic extrusion process of wheat grinding with the application of the recovery of steam heat generated by a special configuration of screw elements and its degassing with the feeding into the processed material were carried out in the work. The modernized extruder Werner & Phleiderer Continua 37, supplemented by a developed recuperative unit and a steam line, was used to achieve this goal. An assessment of changes in energy consumption during steam recovery was carried out. The physicochemical properties of the experimental and control samples of wheat grain extrudates obtained under various operating conditions were investigated and determined. It was found out that the steam recovery mode is a statistically significant reason for increasing the humidity of the extruded product from 3.8 to 5.0 bulk density - by 15% relative to the mode without recovery. A decrease in the explosion coefficient and the water-holding capacity of the extrudates during operation in the regenerative mode of extrusion was noticed. The presented method with additional thermal effects on the processed raw materials allows us to expand the technological capabilities of the process of thermoplastic extrusion in obtaining products of various functional and technological purposes.

In the study, the main emphasis is on improving organoleptic characteristics (color, smell, structure), as well as foaming ability and storage duration, the change of which will allow to obtain a better product. An organoleptic and qualitative analysis of solid laundry soap was carried out, due to which the main consumer shortcomings of the products were identified and the line and formulation of the production were optimized to eliminate them. The basis of the optimization is to equip additional containers with a peroxide supply and dosage masking system, the use of which is necessary due to the introduction of new formulation components, an additional pair of screws is also used to prevent the marble-like structure of the product. Hydrogen peroxide was included in the recipe, the use of which allows clarifying the product at the stage of carbonate saponification and obtaining a light beige soap in accordance with the standard, and maskirators to hide the smell of fatty acids characteristic of this type of solid soap. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching is based on the oxidation and color loss of coloring dark substances due to the release of active oxygen by heating the peroxide with soaps. The main parameters of the peroxide supply: pressure 0.6 MPa, concentration in the range from 2 to 5% by weight of the fat mixture. Given the possibility of abrupt foaming and ejection of soap in the process, the introduction of peroxide can stop or reduce the amount of hydrogen peroxide added, and in emergency situations a cold water supply is provided.

The dynamic models of elements of technological systems with perfect mixing and plug-flow hydrodynamics are based on the systems of algebraic and differential equations that describe a change in the basic technological parameters. The main difficulty in using such models in MathWorks Simulink™ computer simulation systems is the representation of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and partial differential equations (PDE) that describe the dynamics of a process as a MathWorks Simulink™ block set. The study was aimed at developing an approach to the synthesis of matrix dynamic models of elements of technological systems with perfect mixing and plug-flow hydrodynamics that allows for transition from PDE to an ODE system on the basis of matrix representation of discretization of coordinate derivatives. The process of synthesis of the dynamic matrix mathematical model was considered by the example of a sugar syrup cooler, the quality indicator of the finished product are selected as sucrose crystals and their portion in the total volume of caramel mass. Taking into account the dependence of syrup viscosity on temperature, thermal effects as a result of the process of crystallization of sucrose from syrup, design features of a typical caramel machine made it possible to clarify the dynamics of the process of syrup cooling. The model developed with this approach allows to obtain real-time estimates of temperatures at the outlet of the cooler, which makes it possible to study the dynamics of the technological process and synthesize the control system. The presented approach allows to implement mathematical models of ideal reactors in Simulink system and to move to matrix ordinary differential equations, which makes it possible to convert them into Simulink blocks. The approach is also applicable to other models of ideal reactors, which allows to form libraries of typical ideal reactors of Simulink system for synthesis of heat and mass exchange equipment. The proposed approach significantly simplifies the study and modernization of the current and the development of new technological equipment, as well as the synthesis of algorithms for controlling the processes therein.

In many cases, extraction is accompanied by thermal phenomena. We have established the possibility of intensifying the process through the use of heated cheese whey. Lupine has a geometric shape (sphere, cylinder, plate) loaded into an extractor filled with cheese whey. Due to the temperature difference between the solid and the liquid, temperature gradients are observed. As the body warms up, the temperature gradient decreases and then disappears. For example, an organized step temperature mode. However, such a regime should be technologically and energetically justified. Thus, during extraction there is a periodic non-stationarity. The emergence of this period is noted in the main works. The expression for the increase in entropy per unit time is written. Given the changes in entropy, the Gibbs equation is written. The basics of equations are the second laws of thermodynamics. As a result, the results obtained as a result of thermodynamic driving forces were obtained. The equations of energy (heat) and mass transfer of substances are written. Thermodynamic forces contribute to the formation of heat flux and mass flow of substances. The consumption of a substance depends not only on the gradient (diffusion), but also on the temperature gradient (thermal diffusion). Air temperature is defined as a temperature gradient. The differential equations of heat and mass transfer of Lykov were rewritten taking into account the extraction process. The numerical values of the coefficients Dт and aс they relate to the assessment of the effect of superposition effects (thermal diffusion and diffusion thermal conductivity). The overlay effect can be neglected, since the relatively small gradients of temperatures and concentrations arising in the lupine. It is noted that the possibility of simplified differential equations is associated with small values of the Lykov criterion. Because of this, there should be little.

The strategy for improving the quality of food products in the Russian Federation until 2030 determines the trend towards improving the diet of the country's population through the production of new types of food products enriched with valuable food additives. According to the results of a comprehensive study, the addition of flour from milk thistle seeds to soft curd (1.0–2.5 %) makes it possible to obtain a product of high consumer value. Flour from the seeds of milk thistle, as a source of flavolignans, helps to increase the nutritional value of cottage cheese soft unpressurized Packed 5% fat with an increase in protein content by 0.11–0.24%, fat by 0.06–0.12%, carbohydrates – by 0.13–0.28% and silymarin – up to 3.39–7.26 mg/100 g of product and prolongation of shelf life up to 8 days. Acidity and microbiological indicators correspond to the established level. Enriched cottage cheese is soft with a mass fraction of flour from milk thistle seeds of 1.0 and 2.5%, combining animal components (cottage cheese as a source of protein and beneficial microflora) and vegetable (flour from milk thistle seeds as a source of silymarin), is an integral food biosystem that complies with safety requirements in accordance with TR TS 033/2013 “On the safety of milk and dairy products” and provides improved consumer properties of a food product for various categories of the country's population (healthy people and those in the rice group) and of different ages, at the same time does not apply to specialized products.

The use of probiotic additives in the livestock industry, including rabbit breeding, contributes to the normalization of the microbiocenosis of the animal body, as well as their resistance to pathogenic microflora, which ultimately affects the increase in meat productivity and meat quality. The influence of probiotic additive "Prostor" on the productivity, chemical composition and biological value of rabbit meat was studied. The influence of probiotic - sorbent complexes on the number of rabbits (males) of the hybrid form "Hiplus" of the French selection at the age of 45 days in the conditions of the industrial complex of LLC "Lipetsk rabbit" of the Khlevensky district of the Lipetsk region, which were divided into control and experimental groups by the method of pairs-analogues, was studied. The control group of rabbits received the main diet, consisting of feed PZK-90, rabbits 1 experimental group received feed PZK-92-60-18, which was introduced synbiotic " Prostor " in a dosage of 0.5 g/kg of feed, and rabbits 2 experimental group 1 g/ kg of feed, respectively. Meat quality was assessed at the age of 105 days after control slaughter in the amount of 3 heads from each group. Morphological composition data showed that the mass of the muscular tissue of the rabbits of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was superior to the rabbits of the control group by 12.17 and 23.84%, respectively. Analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition of muscle tissue showed that the use of feed additives "Prostor " in a dosage of 1.0 g per kg of feed has a positive effect on meat productivity, and the quality of rabbit meat, which opens up prospects for the use of these drugs in the rabbit industry.

The productive qualities of rabbits and meat quality depend on proper feeding. But due to the intensive technologies introduction in rabbit breeding, the animals stress sensitivity increases, their physiological status decreases, causing pathological conditions. Probiotic additives enhancing the animals immune status and resistance and having a positive effect on their productivity are introduced into the production cycle to increase the safety of young animals, as well as to restore and maintain the microflora of the digestive tract. This approach allows to reduce the consequences of the uncontrolled antibiotics use , which contribute to increased variability of pathogenic microflora and their accumulation in the breeding object tissues. The effectiveness of the Sporothermin probiotic complex application to increase the physiological status and efficiency of rearing young rabbits was studied in the work. The studies were carried out on a cross-breeding stock of rabbits obtained by industrial crossing of the parental forms of the breeds Soviet chinchilla and New Zealand red at the age of 60 days in the industrial complex LLC Lipetsk rabbit. The effect of the probiotic complex on the immune and clinical status was studied in 60 rabbits, divided into control and experimental groups using the pair-analogue method. Rabbits of the control group received PK-90 compound feed, the experimental group rabbits were fed with PK-90 compound feed with the introduction of the Sporotermin probiotic complex in a dosage of 0.6 and 1.0 g / kg of compound feed. The application of a probiotic complex in an optimally selected dosage of 1.0 g / kg of compound feed had a positive effect on the growth rate, physiological status of the organism and the quality indicators of rabbit meat, which is the basis for its use in industry

The possibility of using tiger nut flour (chuf) in the production of wheat bread is considered. During the experiment, trial baking of bread with different dosage of tiger nut flour and wheat flour was carried out. The parameters of mixtures of tiger flour and wheat flour of the first grade in the ratios were studied 5:95; 10:90; 15:85. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department "technology of storage and processing of agricultural raw materials and flour public catering" of Volgograd state agrarian University. During the experiment were studied: problems at the present stage in the baking industry; geography of growth, yield and quality of tiger nut; chemical composition of tiger nut and flour derived from it; the impact of tiger nut on human health and well-being; organoleptic indicators of bread quality; physico-chemical indicators of bread quality; change in baking properties of wheat bread with the addition of tiger nut flour. As result of the study, the possibility of producing wheat bread using tiger nut flour was established, as well as the optimal dosage of tiger nut flour and wheat flour allowing to obtain bread with high organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters.

The results of quality research on the Russian soft wheat (67 samples), grown in different soil and climatic conditions and having a wide range of quality factors: the amount of gluten varied from 5.7 (Southern federal district) to 33.2% (Volga federal district), gluten quality - from 9 (Central Federal District) to 128 units. IDK (Southern Federal District), the falling-number value - from 66 to 449 s. (Volga Federal District). The rheological properties of dough were studied using the mixolab device in a classic «Chopin Wheat+» mode. According to the profiler indicators (radial chart), it was established that the test grain was characterized the average by increased water absorption capacity, maximum starch viscosity and retrogradation, as well as by reduced amylolytic activity and dough resistance. Correlation analysis established a close association of the quality factors of grain, especially of the gluten amount, with the quality factors of bread. The calculation of the pair correlation of the profiler indicators and wheat grain quality factors detected a moderate interrelation of water absorption with the gluten amount (0.466) and falling-number value (0.384), of the dough resistance with the gluten quality (-0.438), as well as a strong interrelation of the starch viscosity, amylolytic activity and retrogradation with the falling-number value (0.659; 0.821 and 0.866, respectively). There was not detected a stable interrelation of the «gluten +» index with any of the grain quality factors, but there was a loose correlation of this index with the falling-number value. Regression analysis established the strongest curvilinear relationship between the torque and the falling-number value in the areas of the starch gelatinization, jellification and retrogradation.

The relevance of the use and development of sweeteners is reflected in the article. The main requirements for sweeteners were given: the sweetness quality, color and odor absence, a pleasant taste, harmlessness, complete elimination from the body, good solubility in water, chemical resistance. Due to its beneficial properties, the sweetener obtained from stevia leaves is increasingly used. A method of obtaining stevia extract with subsequent drying is presented. The leaves and stems of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant were used for the experiment. The extract was obtained using water-alcohol extraction at a temperature of 85–87 ?С, a water module of 1.0: 4.5, and a duration of 115–118 min. using three rinsings, the water and alcohol extracts were combined. The extract filtered from suspended impurities on a deep filter was concentrated under a vacuum of 0.08 MPa at a temperature of 60 ° C to a content of 35%. The resulting concentrate was dried on an experimental spray dryer. The temperature of the dried particles did not exceed 60 ° С, and the drying process lasted 15–30 s. High-quality stevioside powder was obtained due to instant drying and low temperature of sprayed solution particles. Thus obtained sweetener from stevia does not need intermediate purification from ballast substances and does not require further modification to improve organoleptic properties - to enhance sweetness and reduce the residual bitter aftertaste characteristic of some natural glycosides. The authors believe that the resulting sweetener makes it possible to develop new products with dietary and therapeutic purposes.

In the modern world, an increasing number of people prefer poultry sausages, since this product has a low calorie level. In addition, poultry sausages contain less fat and cholesterol, which is ideal for people who have a healthy and balanced diet. The creation of new recipes for products from poultry meat with the inclusion of components of animal and vegetable origin is aimed at increasing meat resources and improving the quality of finished products. In many cases, the addition of new components, as well as changing the ratio and methods of introduction into the recipe, can increase the nutritional value of the finished product. A chicken roll recipe was developed using chicken offal, Unicell-500 hydrated wheat fiber and heat-treated carrots. Kiwi was used to soften offal. Organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological studies of chicken rolls, developed according to classical technology and a new recipe, were carried out. The research results showed that the use of carrots and offal in chicken roll improves the taste of the product, allows you to reduce calorie content and get the product with the necessary consistency, improve functional properties, improves economic performance by reducing the cost of finished products from poultry meat. The use of Unicell-500 dietary fiber reduces the consumption of expensive meat raw materials due to the high moisture-binding ability of fiber. Enrichment of chicken roll allowed to improve physico-chemical, organoleptic, microbiological indicators.

Kinetic studies of the thermal inactivation of test crop spores are necessary to develop optimal heat treatment regimes for fruit juices. The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of changes in the thermal stability parameters DT and z depending on changes in the soluble solids content in canned fruit products using the example of certain types of apple juice products with a pH of 3.80. The regularity of thermal inactivation of ascospores of the mesophilic mold Aspergillus fischeri in concentrated apple juice (JAC) with a soluble dry matter (RSV) content of 70%, in restored apple juice with RSV – 11.2%, and in restored apple juice with pulp with RSV – 16% was studied. The parameters of thermal stability were determined by the capillary method at temperatures of 80, 85, 90, and 95 °C. It was experimentally established that the heat resistance of A. fischeri spores in clarified apple juice was DT 95 °С = 0.16 min, and the parameter value z = 6.76 °C, in apple juice with pulp parameters: DT 95 °C = 0.24 min, z – 7.12 °C, in YaKS – DT 95 °C = 0.39 min, and z – 7.8 °C. The dynamics of thermal stability parameters D and z of A. fischeri mold fungus spores (test cultures) versus RSV concentration of juice products was established. The research results showed that with an increase in the concentration of RSV, the thermal stability of spores increases exponentially. The rate of increase in thermal stability decreases with increasing concentration of RSV. Since the concentration of RSV affects the rheological properties of the product (viscosity), this leads to a change in the kinetics of heating in products with convection heat transfer. Therefore, an increase in the concentration of RSV should inevitably lead not only to an increase in the thermal stability of spores of microorganisms, but also to a shift in the region of optimal modes of heat treatment of products toward an increase in the thermal load to ensure regulatory requirements for microbiological safety.

The objects of study were chokeberry berries, mashed chokeberry berries, snacks sublimated from chokeberry, and snacks sublimated from chokeberry with the addition of 5% pectin. Organoleptic indicators, soluble solids, sugars, titratable acidity, content of vitamin C, dietary fiber, total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, anti-radical activity by DPPH method, restoring ability by FRAP method were determined for the studied samples. Determination of the total content of flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic substances, as well as the restoring activity of the studied samples as indicators characterizing the antioxidant activity of the compounds, showed the positive effect of grinding as mechanical processing and freeze-drying as heat treatment on the antioxidant properties of chokeberry. As a result of determining the content of dietary fiber, soluble solids, sugars and titratable acidity, antiradical properties in the studied samples, an increase in the values of these indicators by 3-6 times in the process of freeze-drying was revealed, which shows the feasibility of using this type of heat treatment in the production of functional products based on chokeberry. Determination of the vitamin C content in the test samples allows us to conclude that the freeze-drying has a negative effect on the vitamin C content in aronia. A methodology for organoleptic evaluation of a new type of freeze-dried snacks based on mashed chokeberry is developed. It has been established that a new kind of snacks has high organoleptic characteristics, which makes their production a promising direction.

Pasta in comparison with other flour products has a number of advantages: high digestibility of essential nutrients, long shelf life, low cost and availability for all segments of the population. The most rational way to create functional pasta is to introduce into the recipe natural ingredients of plant origin, non-traditional for this industry, which can increase nutritional value, improve organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, create a group of new varieties, intensify production processes, improve quality in the processing of raw materials with low pasta properties, to ensure the saving of primary and secondary raw materials. For the experiments, wheat flour of the highest grade, obtained by grinding soft wheat of the Ertys 97 variety, and pasta flour (grain), obtained from durum wheat of the Kargala 69 variety, were used. According to the results of the analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical, biochemical parameters of grain and flour, it can be stated that the quality of grain and flour meets the requirements of the standards. Corn, chickpea, amaranth flour and carrot powder obtained by grinding whole grains of Budan 237 maize, Kamila chickpea, A. cruentus amaranth (obtained and grown locally in the Almaty region) and Abako carrots in a mechanical activator mill were used as additives. The results of studies of the chemical composition of polydisperse corn, chickpea, amaranth flour and carrot powder indicate high nutritional value, the possibility of using as biologically active additives for enriching pasta with proteins, minerals, organic acids, vitamins and natural dyes.

Information is presented on the study of the probiotic properties of fermented milk products of heteroenzymatic fermentation, namely their antimutagenic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant activity, and the ability to suppress pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria. Data on the effective use of koumiss, kefir, chegen, kurunga in the treatment of acute intestinal infections, their ability to limit the intensity of peroxide metabolism are presented. Thus, their bactericidal action against tubercle Bacillus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus fastidiosus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. was established.the data of clinical trials proving their influence on the normalization of human lipid metabolism are Presented. Antioxidant effect is associated with the action of vitamins C, E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc. produced by the microflora of dairy products. Many researchers indicate that multicomponent probiotics have a high adaptive potential in the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, artificially created communities of lactobacilli isolated from spontaneously formed microflora of "artisanal" fermented milk products exhibit antimirobial action against pathogenic microflora.

Examples of the integrated analytical system "electronic nose" use to discover early signs of bakery products deterioration are studied in the article. The development of physical and chemical analysis methods goes along the path of samples composition differentiating and making decisions on the components set content that determine the product safety and quality. However, the differentiation and descriptor assessment of the integral organoleptic properties, especially of smell and taste, does not reflect the product true state. The development of innovative methods is based on the approximation of instrumental analysis of smell and taste to human perception. The results of quality assessment and changes in the state of white and black bread during storage by the signals of an array of chemical sensors based on highly sensitive piezoelectric scales are presented. Piezoelectric quartz microscales are modified with nanostructured phases of various nature and mass. Modifiers were selected taking into account their selectivity and sensitivity to easily volatile biomolecules, the content of which can be changed with the maturation or spoilage of bread, or during storage. As such phases, biohydroxyapatite, multilayer carbon nanotubes oxidized with nitric acid, zirconium nitrate are used. It was shown that the MAG-8 electronic nose signals based on eight piezosensors with nanostructured phases it is possible to detect changes in the state of bread by the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mixture of volatile biomolecules that the array is tuned to. For samples of a loaf of wheat flour and black bread, the composition of marker substances was determined, reflecting the nature of the products and their change during storage and spoilage. Changes in the content of water, acetic acid, ketones, alcohols, acetates and amines were noted in the article. The calculated parameters of the "electronic nose" associated with the content of these compounds and allowing them to be recognized in a mixture in the presence of other compounds were offered in the work.

The process of processing and selling fresh vegetable and mushroom products is accompanied by a high risk of rapid bacteriological damage and, as a consequence, short shelf life. The search for methods of processing lightly damaged varieties of plant materials is an urgent problem of the food industry. Studies have been carried out to study the effect of relativistic electrons on a 10 MeV facility (Tekleor company) on the dynamics of inhibition of native microflora during storage of delicate types of plant materials. Fresh mushroom champignons and fresh spinach greens were chosen as objects of study. Product samples were Packed weighing 200 g in plastic bags brand RA / PE. Storage and transportation of samples was carried out at a temperature of 8–10 ° С. After processing the experimental data, a plateau zone was revealed during processing with a beam energy of 1 kGy with a further decrease in the number of microorganisms with an increase in dose to 2 kGy. Studies of changes in the dynamics of inhibition of the initial number of microorganisms in mushroom and green products showed that in the microflora of mushroom and green products, there are stable types of microorganisms that are characterized by the presence of a plateau zone. Processing spinach with a beam energy of 1 and 2 kGy allows extending the shelf life compared to control samples from 5 to 12 and 15 days. The treatment of champignon mushrooms with a beam energy of 2 kGy, despite the high initial level of seed contamination with native microflora, allowed us to maintain the upper limit of the norm (1 · 105 CFU / g) of microbiological seed for up to 5 days.

Inclusion of minor components in the formulation of homogeneous food systems should inevitably result in some shift of redox equilibrium under conditions of interaction as "all with all." Chemical nature of components combined with properties of elements of medium chemical composition should determine direction and expression of such displacement. But due to the multicomponence of the medium itself and the small initial expression of redox properties for the added components, predicting the resulting properties of the formed food system becomes difficult. The aim of the work was to study the regularities of the influence of neutral minor components on the change of redox properties of homogeneous canned products from vegetable raw materials. Puree-shaped single-component natural canning products (puree) from fruit (apples, plum) and vegetable (pumpkin, carrots) raw materials are taken as research objects. Table salt (NaCl), sucrose and apple pectin were used as minor components. In the obtained canned product, active acidity (pH) and redox potential (Eh) were determined, and the reducing power index (RH) value was calculated. The studies showed that there was no statistically significant effect of NaCl on the redox properties of the food systems studied. There was a statistically significant effect of sucrose on the reducing power index of homogeneous canned puree from plums (in the range up to 18%) and carrots (in the range up to 10%). It has been found that inclusion of pectin in the composition of fruit and vegetable puree does not have a statistically significant effect on the reducing capacity of the product, except for stone fruit puree, for which there was statistically significant single step increase of RH within a weight fraction value of the minor component as 0.61-0.62%. In order to determine the mechanism of such a response, it is necessary to carry out an additional set of targeted studies.

The article presents the results of studies obtained in the study of the quality of milk processed with the use of high-frequency acoustic cavitation and dairy products produced with its use. The research was carried out with the use of General scientific and special research methods in the laboratory of the Department of technology of storage and processing of animal products of the K. A. Timiryazev and in the accredited laboratory of technochemical control of the all-Russian research Institute of dairy industry. It is shown that the treatment of cow's milk-raw materials high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations (above 45 kHz), the generated electric ultrasonic device immersion type pulse impact ouzo "Activator-150", the number of bacteria of group of intestinal sticks (coliforms) decreased by almost 40%, which allows to make a conclusion about the appropriateness of the selected method of exposure for the destruction of microorganisms E. coli and coliform bacteria. Processed, using high-frequency acoustic cavitation, cow's milk was used for the production of brine cheese-cheese. It is shown that cheese cheese had a high nutritional value, which is due to the preservation of essential substances in the raw material (in particular, calcium, which in the production of cheese cheese precipitates if pasteurized milk is used), elastic consistency, safety of consumer characteristics - microbiological and physico-chemical.

Chocolate glaze consists mainly of sugar (50%) and fat (35%) and is a high-calorie semi-finished product with a high content of simple carbohydrates. The standard for glaze provides the possibility of producing chocolate glaze with fruit and vegetable components, which reduces the content of simple carbohydrates. Studied and justified the criteria for the production of chocolate glazes with different contents of fruit and vegetable powders. Analysis of the rheological parameters of chocolate semi-finished products showed that the introduction of fruit and vegetable powder instead of part of the sugar leads to a significant change in the nature of the rheological behavior of the semi-finished product. The yield strength increases from 3.4 to 12.6 Pa as the proportion of fruit and vegetable powder in the formulation increases. In order to determine the effect of the production method on changes in the yield strength of fruit and vegetable chocolate glaze, a series of experiments was carried out. It was found that with a constant content of fruit and vegetable powder (11%), temperature, processing time and machine support, the resulting chocolate glazes differed in their rheological characteristics. It was found that the greatest reduction in the yield strength of fruit and vegetable chocolate glazes during the production process can be achieved by stage-by-stage grinding of the formulation components in a ball mill and the additional introduction of PGPR emulsifier at the conching stage. The quality of chocolate semi-finished products depends not only on rheological parameters, but also on crystallization properties. The developed chocolate glazes with different contents of the fruit and vegetable component were processed at a temperature of about 30 °C in a laboratory tempering machine in order to form and stabilize fat crystals in ?-form. Then, the temperindex was determined. It was found that, subject to the same tempering conditions, with an increase in the proportion of fruit and vegetable powder, the temperature of glazes increases. Glazes with a mass fraction of fruit and vegetable powder of more than 7% were distinguished by the properties of re-tempered semi-finished products - the presence of large fat crystals, a rough structure and the absence of surface gloss. In order to obtain the optimal temperature index of glazes with a content of fruit and vegetable raw materials of more than 7%, their tempering modes were developed.

Interest in the consumption of berries is largely due to the content of biologically active substances in them and their importance as dietary antioxidants. Polyphenolic compounds found in blackcurrant berries are known as agents that act prophylactically and therapeutically on the human body. The following were determined: total content of phenolic substances, flavonoids, anti-radical activity according to the DPPH method, restoring power according to the FRAP method, anthocyanins, organoleptic characteristics, dietary fiber content, vitamin C content for feedstock, semi-finished products (blackcurrant berries, blackcurrant puree, two types freeze-dried snacks from blackcurrant berries). According to the results of the study, it was found that the freeze-dried berry (snacks of two types of freeze-drying) showed good results: 42.05 mmol Fe2 +/1 kg (snacks with a structure-forming agent, 5% pectin), 38.6 mmol Fe2 +/1 kg ( snacks) restoring power according to the FRAP method, 47.1 Ec 50 mg/ml (snacks), 79.4 Ec 50 mg/ml (snacks with a builder, pectin 5%) anti-radical activity according to the DPPH method, 766 mg HA/100 g ( snacks), 835 mg HA/100 g (snacks with a builder, pectin 5%) total phenolic content, 374 mg K/100 g (snacks), 392 mg K/100 g (snacks with by a touring agent, 5% pectin) total flavonoid content, 166.07 mg CG/100 g (snacks), 174.21 mg CG/100 g (snacks with a structuring agent, 5% pectin) anthocyanins content, 50.1% (snacks), 66.9% (snacks with a builder, pectin 5%) vitamin C content, 76.8% (snacks), 90% (snacks with a builder, pectin 5%) dietary fiber, 1.92% (snacks), 2.13 % (snacks with a builder, pectin 5%) – titratable acidity. Thus, we can conclude that vacuum drying provides samples with good physicochemical properties and is better than a dried sample.

An important route of metal intake from NP preparations is the pathway through absorption by bacterial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. This changes the composition of the microflora. Thus, giving animals NP Cu is accompanied by an increase in the total number of bacteria and lactobacilli, and a decrease in the population of E. coli and Clostridium spp. When it enters the intestine, part of the NP is able to form a pool on the inner wall of the intestine, in connection with which it can act with microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal microbiota is known to play a vital role in the nutritional and immunological functions of host animals. However, in the literature there is not enough data on the influence of NP on the intestinal microbiocenosis of various representatives of the animal world and humans. The aim of the study is to study the effect of Fe nanoparticles introduced by per os on representatives of the main physiological groups of microorganisms. 30 male Wistar rats aged 4 months, identical in weight (from 180 g), were selected on the basis of analogues. up to 250 g.), physiological state, were in the previous period of experience in a balanced diet on the recommendations. Preparations of NP Fe for the introduction of per os were prepared in isotonic saline solution, treated for 30 minutes on an ultrasonic dispersant. Nanoparticles in the required amount were mixed with rice. The frequency of giving NP Fe to animals in order to correct microbiocenosis with deficient diets is 1 time in 7 days. In this case, the introduction of 10 mg of iron per kg of animal weight showed the best results.

The use of traditional corn silage in the diets of lactating cows during the winter-stall period leads not only to the animal productivity decrease, but also to the milk quality. An increase in these indicators can be achieved by improving the feed quality, in particular by using non-traditional crops for silage, amaranth being one of them. A comparative assessment of the effect of amaranth and corn silages on animal health, blood biochemical parameters, milk productivity and quality during the wintering period was carried out. Scientific and economic experience was conducted on the basis of peasant farm by I.I. Korovnikov, in Khokholsky district of the Voronezh region. Two variants of silage were put: from the green mass of amaranth to the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds and corn silo. Two groups of dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed with an average productivity of about 4200 kg of milk, selected by the principle of analogues, were used in the experiment. Body temperature, heart rate and number of respiratory movements per minute, scar reduction were within normal limits for cows of both groups. Moreover, a reliable difference in clinical and physiological parameters between the experimental and control groups was not found out both at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The inclusion of high-protein amaranth silage in the diet of lactating cows leads to normalization of the liver and, as a result, normalization of all metabolic processes. Amaranth silage had a positive effect on the quality of milk. So the milk obtained from the cows of the experimental group had a significant advantage in comparison with the control one in terms of fat (by 0.46%) and protein (by 0.18%). Feeding amaranth silage to cows showed that it is well eaten by animals, and its use increases the productivity of cows by 11.9% compared with the contro group. The results obtained allow us to recommend amaranth silage as the main bulk feed in the winter-stall period when preparing balanced diets for lactating cows.

The composition of the initial substance was determined using an electronic sensor “electronic nose”, consisting of 8 sensors, to which air was supplied with a syringe with alcohol vapor containing various kinds of impurities. The signal from the sensors was recorded with a sampling frequency of 1 s for 120 s. The output of the device was presented in two different interpretations - in the form of curves obtained from each sensor, or the areas under the curves. The purpose of the work is to build a recognition system for 11 impurities and water in the starting material. The composition of the initial substance was determined using an “electronic nose”, which allows one to obtain 120 values from each of 8 sensors in the form of curves or the values of the areas under the curves. A large number of classes (12), the dynamic presentation of the source data information make it advisable to build a pattern recognition system based on a neural network - a multilayer perceptron trained on the basis of the error back propagation algorithm. When training the network, existing samples are used, indicating which class they belong to. The properties of each analyte are represented as a vector of 120 values of 8 attributes defining one of 12 classes. To reduce the dimensionality of the input data of the neural network, the authors proposed the use of convolution of the available information without significant loss of information capacity of signs by constructing 8 polynomial regressions of the 19th order that describe the curves from each of the 8 sensors of the “electronic nose”. The input matrix obtained as a result of convolution consisted of 20 polynomial regression coefficients of each of 8 curves for 12 classes under consideration. A two-layer neural network with 43 neurons and a sigmoidal activation function in the hidden layer and 12 neurons and a linear activation function in the output layer was constructed. As a result of network training, 2 classification errors were obtained, which allows us to use the approach proposed by the authors to build a recognition system based on preliminary convolution of data dynamically obtained from the “electronic nose”

Currently, the need to create new multifunctional materials that meet the requirements of technology and the needs of society has sharply increased. In addition, with the increase in the number of various "gadgets", communication systems, sources of electromagnetic "pollution" of the environment caused by the functioning of cellular communications, personal computers and other sources, protection against radiation and electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency range from 30 Hz to 3000 GHz becomes relevant. For these purposes, you can use modified fibers and fabrics by metallization. As the objects of study, we chose a woven material based on a polyacrylonitrile flagellum for special purposes (START LLC) with factory properties: nominal linear density of elementary fiber, 0.12 tex, specific tensile load of the fiber 450 mN/tex, elongation of the elementary fiber at break 18 % In the work, chemical copper plating was carried out in two ways: the first was a classical metallization scheme for plastics; the second method was carried out according to a new low-stage and low-component technology, which included two main stages: surface activation and chemical copper plating. The analysis of the surface of a fibrous material metallized by a galvanic method with preliminary chemical copper plating, both by traditional technology and by low-stage, showed that in two cases the coatings are uniform over the entire surface of the fibrous material and have a characteristic copper color, and metallic copper has a granular structure with a dense Packed grains to each other. At the same time, the electrical resistivity of PAN-fibrous materials is reduced. Metallization of woven materials based on PAN-fibrous materials in a low-component electrolyte using a low-stage chemical copper plating technology is promising, since the resulting coatings are characterized by high electrical properties, while reducing environmental stress due to the absence of harmful electrolyte components (acids during etching) and washing water.

In this paper, a composite material based on LDPE filled with 30 vol.% wood microcellulose (MC), in order to assess the possibility of its use as a biomass carrier treatment facilities.The material was obtained in industrial conditions by means of a twin-screw extruder with a leaf head, then samples of a composite biomass carrier in the form of discs with a diameter of 4 cm and a thickness of 1.5 mm were obtained from the sheet by means of a cutting press.Investigated the microstructure and morphological parameters of the composite, it was found that the porosity is about 58%, the surface roughness is 3.5 units of density about 450 kg/cubic m. the basic technological parameters of the melt of the composite by the method of capillary viscometry, the dependences of the shear stress and the melt viscosity of the test material in the velocity range processing, it was found that the composite refers to satisfactory recyclable thermoplastics. Bagley correction was performed. The thermomechanical stability of the material was investigated, the critical temperature of processing-200 °C. the operational properties of the material were Investigated: the tensile strength was 1.6 MPa, the elongation at break-12%, water absorption for 24 hours of soaking-31.2%. The dry biomass residue of activated sludge for 10 days of its immobilization on a composite biomass carrier amounted to 5.54%, which exceeds by 2.4 times the biomass growth on the traditionally used material-pure polyethylene. The material has a relative chemical resistance, does not lose its performance over a long period of operation. In particular, the loss of tensile strength after 5-fold freezing, soaking in 0.01 n solutions of sulfuric acid, acetic acid and sodium hydroxide (for 6 months), exposure to UV solar radiation (for 12 months), soaking in water (for 12 months) did not exceed 10-12%. Thus, the composite composition of LDPE: MC (70: 30 vol.% ) can be recommended for use in biological treatment plants as a highly efficient carrier material-biomass.

The development of new and modernization of existing technological systems aimed at increasing the efficiency of treatment of surface storm water and industrial wastewater is an important area. Since individual objects are connected to each other in wastewater treatment systems, a change in the operation parameters of one of them will affect the others. For example, carrying out the correct effective regeneration of the quick filter, selected for a certain grade of filter material and the type of pollution, will relieve the work of the treatment plant as a whole. The actual direction is the introduction of environmentally friendly technical solutions and technologies. Therefore, special attention is paid to a natural surface-active substance (surfactant), which can be used as an active substance in a regenerating solution. The process of regeneration of an oil-contaminated sample of silica sand with a surfactant solution in a vibrated fluid bed is studied. Simulation of water flushing was achieved using an experimental setup with a vibrodrive. A quartz sand sample was taken from the quick filter of the Kotlyakovo-Kolomna group facilities of the Promotkhody waste facility after it was flushed. As an active component of the regenerating solution, a substance of natural origin, gum arabic polysaccharide, which has high surface activity against oil-fat deposits, was chosen. The concentration of gum arabic in the regenerating solution was chosen at the level of 1%. The results of the influence of the frequency and amplitude of vibrations on the regeneration process are obtained. To assess the effectiveness of the regeneration process, a dimensionless simplex is proposed, which is the ratio of the volumetric weighing force to the force of vibrations. A high degree of regeneration of a quartz sand sample in a fluidized bed is shown.

Increasing of the competitiveness of rubber membranes is determined both by their quality, reliability and durability, and by the time required to create a new product. Therefore, researchers need to have a clear picture of current and perspective areas of exploration, as well as the creation and using of rubber membranes. In this work, a systemic-functional analysis was carried out that revealed the functions of rubber membranes, the classification and their characteristic features. The main aspects of the rubber membranes classification are: the principle of action (direct action membranes, designed to convert pressure changes into displacement, and inverse action membranes, designed to convert movement into pressure changes are distinguished), the purpose and conditions of use (allocate power, compensation, pumping and damping are distinguished), as well as design features (flat, convoluted, dished, conical, envelope-shaped, spherical are distinguished). A matrix of interconnected classification features was compiled: purpose, application conditions, and design features with indicators such as strength, elasticity, large reversible strains, tear resistance, fatigue endurance, chemical inertness, oil resistance, gas impermeability, durability, low toxicity and low cost. A morphological analysis of possible technical solutions in the design and creation of rubber membranes through the use of various rubbers has been performed. The concretization of the morphological analysis of possible technical solutions in relation to classification criteria shows the necessity of a combination of rubbers to obtain rubbers with specified technical properties and the possibility of expanding the range of analyzed rubbers for developing promising technological solutions.

Ferronordic is the official dealer for Volvo Construction Equipment, Dressta, Mecalac and Rottne. In addition to sales and after-sales support for Volvo Construction Equipment, the company is a dealer for servicing Volvo and Renault Trucks, as well as a dealer for Volvo Penta for servicing industrial and marine engines in some regions of Russia. The company collaborates with other well-known brands and several suppliers of attachments. The Swedish concern Volvo Group supplies to the Russian market trucks equipped with diesel engines with Common Rail injection system, as well as with pump nozzles. Diesel mechanical and electronic pump nozzles perform timely and metered injection of the working mixture into the combustion chambers of the cylinders of a diesel engine. The mechanical nozzles are driven by a high-pressure fuel pump, while the electronic ones are controlled by the Common Rail electronic injection system and are constantly under intense mechanical stress. Poor quality diesel fuel leads to: loss of power, lack of traction and instability of the engine; overexpenditure and fuel leakage from sprayers; change in spray angle and time; change in the amount of injected mixture; the appearance of knocks and noises, black and bluish smoke during exhaust. The results of research work on the study of the quality of diesel fuel of the company LLC Ferronordic Trading House are presented. The physicochemical properties of diesel fuel were studied experimentally, such as: density, fractional composition, mass fraction of sulfur, mass fraction of water, flash point, limiting filterability temperature and cloud point.

Production of synthetic analogues of natural compounds, including high-molecular ones, as well as study of processes of their structure formation, is a pressing task of organic substances technology. To a large extent, this applies to synthetic humic substances, important products characterized by plant growth effect, chelating and other important properties. Simple carbohydrates and aromatic amines as oxygen and nitrogen-containing constituents during condensation in ethanol media produce water-fractionated products, the soluble fractions of which are studied herein by thermal degradation in combination with IR-Fourier transform spectroscopy. Spectral band profile is confirmed mainly by aliphatic structure with high degree of functionalization by carboxyl, hydroxyl and amine groups. As the isolated water-soluble solid products are thermally decomposed in the range of 100-180 °С temperatures in an inert atmosphere, the intensity of bands at 1030 and 1090 cm-1 decreases, and the intensity of the first band drops to almost zero at 180 °С. This experimental fact indicates the progress of thermal dehydration processes, indicating the presence of hydroxyl functions in the structure of the products. The latter are both OH-groups of carbohydrate residue and groups, formed during condensation processes. Additionally, the intensity of the absorption band in the region of 1600 cm-1 corresponding to the fluctuations of double bonds resulting from dehydration is increased. It can be assumed that unlike products of insoluble fractions, as well as products of acid-catalyzed condensations, water-soluble products are formed in neutral ethanol media, the main processes of formation of which are processes of direct retro-aldol cleavage of N-glycosylamines with subsequent condensation of decomposition products. Such a set of processes is an alternative to the experimental difficulty of Amadori rearrangement and lead to formation of products structure differ from one for acid catalyzed condensation products.

The task of isolating and separating amino acids from aqueous solutions exists in various industries. The traditional method of isolation is ligand exchange chromatography. When choosing a cation for ligand-binding chromatography based on its binding strength with the ion exchanger, often used as a sulfonated polystyrene ion exchanger keeps the copper (II) firmly enough, and therefore, it is easily replaced by other cations. Chelating ion exchangers charge cations of copper (II), which hold these ions firmly enough. In this case, separating a mixture of substances, it is due to differences in the constants of complexation agents and complexes distribution coefficients. The study of the interaction of amino acids with the aliphatic carboxylic acid, the exchange of phosphoric acid cations and the amino carboxylic and amino phosphonic polyampholytes has shown a significant effect of the pH of the medium on the nature of the sorption equilibria. Under certain conditions, in the phase of the ion exchanger in the form of complexing metal cations, the formation of new sorption centers is possible, which occur upon sorption of amino acids in the formation of mixed ligand compounds: the sorbent complex may simultaneously comprise amino acids and attached functional groups of the sorbent as ligands. The influence of the hydrogen index of the medium primarily affects the change in the nature of the formed complex compounds in the sorbent phase and the equilibrium solution and the ratio of their stability constants. If the stability constant of the ion exchanger complex is higher than the stability constant of the compound with a low molecular weight ligand, then the sorbed copper cations interact with incoming methionine ions without breaking the metal – functional group of the ion exchanger coordination bond. If the ratio of stability constants is the opposite, then the predominant elution of copper (II) cations occurs with the formation of complex compounds with an amino acid in an aqueous solution.

The introduction of an automated control system on the production line of the rubber compound will reduce the influence of the human factor on the quality of rubber products, which will lead to a significant improvement in the operational and physico-mechanical characteristics of the final product. Also, the development of this system will create a centralized data collection system for creating reports on technological operations of the production process. To obtain high-quality products, it is necessary to control and maintain all technological parameters during equipment operation at the same level, modern means of registration and parameter management. In the production of rubber compounds, it is necessary to ensure a high degree of automation of the main technological equipment, which will make it possible to more accurately dose the ingredients, including dusting ones, to conduct the process in a given temperature regime for the time required to obtain high-quality products. The implementation of automatic control during the use of high-performance equipment is not possible without the use of measuring and control equipment. The article is devoted to the problem of automation of a system for measuring technological parameters on a rubber compound production line in order to improve the quality of manufactured products. The analysis of the technological process is carried out, the controlled parameters of not only the modes of the technological process, but also of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are selected. The choice of instruments and local automation equipment is presented, as well as the choice of an industrial microcontroller with which control is carried out at the lower level of an integrated automation system. A functional diagram of the automation of the rubber compound production process is proposed, which will allow to obtain a product with quality indicators corresponding to the regulated level.

With the help of glycine-nitrate technology, nanoparticles of barium-lanthanum cuprate complex oxide were obtained and its properties were studied. According to x-ray phase analysis, the synthesized sample is single-phase.The complex oxide has a perovskite structure with the spatial group Pmmm (47). The parameters of the crystal lattice calculated from the diffractogram are determined. The microstructure of the obtained compositions was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The sample has a porous foam-like microstructure, consists of aggregates having a size of 15-98 nm. Using thermal analysis, it was found that during heating the mass of the sample was lost (4.19%). The greatest loss of mass is observed in the range 318-372 °C, the process is accompanied by an endothermic effect, which corresponds to the loss of bound water, which was sorbed into the pores and entered the structure of the complex oxide. The possibility of the perovskite layered structure to intercalate water and ions into the interlayer space, the structure of which is a "nanoreactor" for further chemical transformations, is confirmed. The enthalpy of deintercolation corresponds to 2.052 kJ/mol, this value correlates with the enthalpy values of deintercolation for perovskite structures (1.5-17.0 kJ/mol). The technology can be applied to solve practical problems of synthesis of nanopowders of mixed oxides as import-substituting components of automotive catalysts and promising ceramic materials with specified functional properties.

The first part of the analytical review presents the main directions of application of modern Multisensor systems such as "electronic nose". The review is based on the results of the umbrella search for information on the given words and phrases. Umbrella search has shown its effectiveness in organizing publications in the selected area, reducing the number of repetitive links and unrelated to the topic of the search. The search was carried out on the electronic catalogs of Russian and international search engines. The tendency of growth of interest to the chosen subject for the last 10 years is traced. Traditional research directions for artificial smell systems are noted. After a slight decline in 2005-2010, the share of work to address the challenges of improving quality and safety in all sectors of human activity, including the food industry, agriculture and the environment, is growing. Some solutions in the field of analysis of food products, raw materials, finished products are systematized. A new direction of research using "electronic nose" systems based on sensors of different types of action is discussed. This direction is medicine, while there is a significant breakthrough in the intensity of the use of EN in medical practice for the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods. The positive properties of such devices and approaches are a short study time, minimal sample preparation and recovery of the system after measurement, as well as a small mass/volume of the sample, the possibility of non-invasive diagnosis. The most frequently published research on the results of the use of such systems in the analysis of bioassays, especially interesting non-invasive diagnosis. Among the diagnosed lead direction oncological, gynecological, psychiatric. However, there are single publications and to solve problems in Pediatrics, dentistry, endocrinology and others.

Intensive exploitation of placer gold deposits in Primorye led to the depletion of their geological reserves, which was reflected in a sharp decrease in the production of precious metals. An alternative source of precious metals is the never before exploited placer deposits of the Primorsky shelf, which have concentrated a significant amount of gold and titanomagnetite. The importance of gold as the basis of the economic security of our country can hardly be overestimated. Titanomagnetites are solid solutions of titanium dioxide in magnetite containing a rich gamut of impurities V, Cr, Zr and other alloying elements. Russia has gained vast experience in processing gold-bearing ores, but the problem of developing gold-titanomagnetite coastal-marine placers has not yet been solved. The objectives of our research included assessing the possibilities of industrial processing of metal-bearing sands of the Rudnev Bay of the Sea of Japan using pyro-hydrometallurgy and fluoride opening methods. For this, a four-stage scheme for the extraction of useful components was developed. In the first of them, the initial sands underwent gravitational enrichment, followed by separation by electromagnetic separation into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. In the second stage, the magnetic material represented by titanomagnetite underwent fine grinding, reduction firing in hydrogen, and sintering of the powder material. In the third stage, non-magnetic components, which include the bulk of gold and zircon, served as the feedstock for exposure to a thiocarbamide-thiocinate solution. In the fourth stage, the insoluble cake concentrating zircon was fluorinated with ammonium bifluoride. The use of this scheme for processing metal-bearing sands made it possible to extract native gold, zirconium concentrate and iron powders of various fineness.

On installation stabilize the condensation of the Orenburg gas processing plant (OGPP), OOO "Gazprom pererabotka" acute problem of deposition of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) resulting in worse job of heat transfer equipment, asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits build up on the plates and in the bottom of the column stabilization, the formation of pyrophoric compounds, complicating the steaming system in the preparation of the equipment to repair. Currently, water vapor is used to clean the heat exchange equipment from the ARPD at the plant, which adversely affects the technological mode of the stabilization unit and the storage tank Park of stable condensate. In accordance with the technique of chromatographic analysis, the composition of "disulfide oil" obtained at the Orenburg gas processing plant and unstable condensate mixed with oil was determined, physical and chemical parameters were determined. An easy – to-implement Express technique is proposed to determine the solvent capacity of disulfide oil (DO). The technique does not require the use of complex instrumental methods of analysis and mathematical modeling and allows in a short time with minimal cost to determine the solvent capacity. The carried out measures on dissolution of ARPD allows to recommend to use a new type of solvent of ARPD on the basis of disulfide oil. At the same time, the tasks of both the qualified use of this by-product and the increase in the efficiency of equipment cleaning from ARPD will be solved. Disulfide oil is currently pumped into stable condensate, so its injection into expanded condensate will not violate the technological mode of operation of the condensate stabilization unit, which is confirmed by calculations.

At present, there are no effective methods and models of enterprise management, which are relations of an economic entity, which implies a relationship in the provision and consumption of goods and services. Application of an innovative approach makes it possible to obtain specific results of enterprises, such as the offer of goods and services of high quality, competitive advantages, allowing more flexible response to changes in the internal and external environment. Important in the context of managing the development of the regional services market are the definition and analysis of the investment attractiveness of the service industry. The higher it is, the greater the likelihood of an influx of financial resources into the economy of the industry. The main aspects of state influence on the services market are considered. Scientific and technological progress and immediate information exchange, increased interest in the service sector, which is developing in the post-industrial world as an alternative to the sphere of material production, as one of the most important forms of stabilizing social relations, contribute to solving problems associated with limited resources. Market regulators do not create conditions conducive to the development of the service sector. Therefore, a model is proposed that allows regulating the relations of an enterprise on the basis of an innovative enterprise management strategy, expanding the possibilities and ways to improve the management efficiency of both the services market and the economic sector as a whole. An assessment of the competitiveness of the services market is given, the economic potential of the regional services market is determined, an algorithm for developing a management strategy is presented, a model for the development of a regional services market is proposed.

The issues of the relationship of modern characteristics of the manufacturer and consumer with the innovation activity of both the enterprise and network structures are considered. The problems caused by new types of innovative labor in a competitive environment are identified; competition between the chains and inside them, the transformation of competitive forces, the interpenetration of the results of the manufacturer and consumer offers are considered. The ways of traditional income increase are investigated: increase in wages, payment of bonuses, various surcharges, allowances, guarantee compensation payments related to the performance of tasks. The mechanism of the influence of time costs and financially significant results of the activity on labor activity and incomes of workers of market structures in comparison with the activities of public sector employees is studied. The directions of solving the problem of increasing employee incomes that lie in the plane of the combination of production and consumption are identified. The authors propose a detailed study of the concept of increasing income, which is aimed at the processes of joint creation of common values of market participants: producers and consumers. It is due to the departure from the traditional scheme to the implementation of innovative activities at the enterprise, which became possible due to the formation of new competencies based on external sources of intellectual capital, including through the creation of a creative network of participants to generate unique value with the involvement of consumers. The considered incomes of producers as a result of market interaction with consumers have the effect of creating new values along with the ownership of a trademark, patent, franchise rights. The development of relations with consumers and the new competencies of manufacturers have an unlimited time perspective, in contrast to the use and ownership of traditional resource objects that have a final effect.

In modern conditions, the concept of «security» is widely used in all spheres of activity, it is firmly embedded in our live. The economic security of organizations, in particular, is closely related to the production of products, performance of works and provision of services. The efficiency of economic entities determines the economic state of the state as a whole. Ensuring the system of economic security of the enterprise is a complex process that requires huge organizational, economic, political, financial, logistical, information and other efforts of the security subject. The system of economic security of the organization should be built taking into account the individual characteristics of the enterprise, its structure and essence depends on the legislative framework, the understanding of security policy by employees, practical experience and knowledge of managers, and at the same time comply with the norms and principles of legality. Effective provision of the system of economic security of the organization is the process of implementation of functional components of economic security, the purpose of which is to prevent possible damages and achieve the maximum level of economic security of the enterprise at the present time and in the future. It is a well-formed system of economic security that allows you to concentrate maximum efforts on the strategic development of the enterprise, to ensure its full economic protection and independence.

Local food markets represent the interaction of local producers and consumers of food products. Scientists show solidarity, highlighting demand, supply, prices and competition as the main elements of market conditions, and producers and consumers of goods specific to a particular market as the main subjects of market interaction. The peculiarity of the local food market is the concentration of market agents on the territory of a certain region and the implementation of their interaction in accordance with the restrictions and, conversely, the prerequisites for the development of local communities that form the supply and demand of food products, taking into account the technological features of their production. The spread of integration processes leads to the fact that there is competition between integrated structures. Within the framework of alliances and partnerships, the subjects of local markets strengthen their competitive positions by combining the resources, skills, experience, i.e. the competencies of the participants. Actors in food markets have the opportunity to fight for international leadership, gain market positions that ensure the sustainability of their future position. At the same time, there is cooperation between participants who previously competed with each other. The conceptual provisions of the functioning and development of the local food industry market are a set of author's views on the problem of integration interaction of regional actors in the form of holdings, clusters, networks and other geographically localized structures, with the participation of regional economic entities that form and regulate supply and demand in the food industry market in accordance with the targets of regional development, taking into account the limitations and prerequisites for meeting the needs of the population in high-quality food products of their own production.

Information and instrumental support of business analytical procedures involves the selection of methods and the development of tools, which together constitute a methodological justification (scheme) for the formation of accounting information. The sequence of hierarchical procedures consists of evaluating strictly justified parameters and indicators, identifying deviations that characterize compliance with norms and standards, normative and planned values. It is proposed to carry out the algorithmization of procedures in accordance with the sequence of implementation of the main business processes, which includes four stages: procurement of materials, production of products, sale of products, determination of financial results. Due to the lack of a unified methodology for accounting for deviations for the purposes of indicative management in domestic practice, as well as to eliminate contradictions and shortcomings in the existing approaches, it is proposed to supplement the tools of the Standard-cost system with new accounting and analytical attributes. Enhanced systematization of the revealed deviations by their types (quantitative, qualitative and cost (monetary)) and by the stages of the implementation of business processes are provided by the developed multi-level analytical accounts and specific accounting records. Detailing by level and accounting for deviations make it possible to generate data with a high analytical capacity and using summarizing tools to obtain summarizing information for making effective management decisions. Implementation of the proposed information-instrumental approach in business analytical practice will provide an opportunity to proactively monitor the vector and level of deviations, identify the causes of their manifestations and those responsible, more accurately predict the results of efforts and take operational measures to ensure the proper level of achievement of goals in accordance with strategic and operational interests organization.

Currently, the issues of studying the polarity and polarization of the economic space are relevant, as there is an increase in inter-territorial imbalances in the development of territorial entities. The goal is to study the polarity and leveling of polarization according to the main indicators: gross output per capita and industrial production per capita in municipalities (MO) and urban districts (GO) of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The object of research is the economic space of Belarus. The subject of research is the essence of polarity, polarization and leveling of polarization of territorial entities. Methodological tools are based on the dialectical method of cognition. Economic analysis used statistical methods. The methodology for calculating the polarity and polarization is described, the indicators of polarity, polarization and leveling of polarization are found by the main indicators of the republic: gross output per capita and industrial production per capita, cartographic profiles of the polarization of the Republic of Belarus are constructed by these indicators, the groups of MO and GO by polarity are compared and polarization for the same indicators. Polarity shows the direction of economic relations, is determined in statics, polarization characterizes the process of economic relations. The composition of the groups of municipalities and municipalities of the Republic of Belarus in terms of polarity in terms of gross output per capita and industrial products per capita is identical, which is evidence that industrial production makes a great contribution to the gross product of the republic. The highest polarity is demonstrated by the indicator "industrial production per capita." The composition of MO and GO in polarization groups by gross output per capita and industry per capita is different, development occurs at different rates. Polarization leveling occurs in industrial production per worker employed in the industry and in the production of innovative goods.

Aspects and features of a process approach aimed at the interaction of departments and officials, removing the barriers between them and combining the efforts of all enterprise structures to achieve strategic goals are considered. The process approach is considered one of the most effective tools for increasing business efficiency. The essence of this approach is that all the activities of the enterprise are considered as a set of processes, which are a combination of interrelated and interacting activities. Each process, in turn, has inputs that translate into outputs, resources, internal and external customers, suppliers, and other interested parties. Based on the study, the relevance and importance of applying the process approach at one of the largest enterprises producing engines for aircraft, gas pumping stations, power plants, for the rocket and space industry and outboard motors for small boats is substantiated. By industry affiliation, it belongs to machine-building enterprises. At this enterprise, significant achievements in the field of quality were noted, obtained through the introduction of a process approach, a process management methodology was recommended for use, which is suitable for enterprises in various fields of activity. This method is necessary for the tactful formation of process management. The systematic implementation of the process approach enables enterprises to increase efficiency, improve the quality of products and significantly increase their competitiveness, which is especially important in the context of the integration of the national economy into the world. The implementation of these measures will allow enterprises to achieve their goals as soon as possible at the lowest possible cost.

The digitalization process of the modern economic system tightens the conditions for the functioning of enterprises. Domestic enterprises operate under severe restrictions on time, organizational and financial resources. Organizations are urgently faced with the need to increase the number of opportunities for developing key business processes in a strategic perspective. It is necessary to develop tools to support the adoption of a strategic choice of development priorities based on the use of analytic methods of a multifactorial information array aimed at creating an information data array that provides a single vector of strategic development of an enterprise (PJSC NII PM). The final informational array for determining the strategic development vector of the enterprise is primarily focused on the implementation of the strategy under resource constraints and target key performance indicators. In the course of consistent identification and formulation of the main goals through the definition of goals of a lower order, a hierarchical target system of development strategy is created. The phased digitalization of the domestic economy forms a tendency to increase the demand in the product markets for unique and technologically sophisticated products, which determines a significant number of possible directions for the strategic development of the enterprise. The recommended mechanism for supporting the adoption of a strategic choice of enterprise development priorities contains a number of measures aimed at achieving sustainable development. Formed array of priorities allows you to achieve the goals of forming the optimal integrated development strategy of the enterprise. Implementation of development directions is carried out through the formation and implementation of a development program that allows us to assess the required time intervals for achieving strategic development goals, sources of financial and resource support for the enterprise.

The practice of using free economic zones in Russia is not straightforward. The regime of the free economic zone was tested back in the 12-13 centuries in Europe. The first full-fledged free economic zone began to operate in Germany. In Russia, such zones began to appear in the late 90s of the 20th century. The Russian practice of applying the above mechanism is still not effective enough. This is a consequence of the lack of development of the regulatory framework. The object of research is the institute of free economic zones in world practice, the subject of research is the activity of free economic zones on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. The goal of creating free economic zones - catalysts for the economic growth of regions and its participants - is updated economic relations. The goals of free economic zones are to stimulate the economic development of the country, to establish foreign economic relations. In the course of the study, differences between free and special economic zones from other regions were revealed. It has been established that the countries of the free economic zone differ from other territories in the following: maximum tax privileges, temporary exemption from them in general; the effect of benefits on the import of products necessary for the company; reduced utility tariffs; simplified business registration procedure. The bonuses offered to entrepreneurs and legal entities working in such areas are characterized: the ability to attract highly qualified domestic personnel; preferential tax regimes, which has a beneficial effect on reducing costs and allows you to obtain more favorable conditions in the market; reducing the cost of import and export, which significantly increases the profitability of the enterprise.

Agent based models (ABM) and multiagent systems (MAS) can be used to solve problems in many fields of research - from natural and computer to economics and social sciences. Many natural and social phenomena can be represented in form of complex simulations so over time agent models and multi-agent systems have proven to be a really powerful tool in areas such as economics and trade, health, urban planning and social sciences. In addition multi-agent systems can be represented as an artificial society similar to a human one and consisting of entities with characteristics similar to human ones, for example in terms of autonomy and intelligence. ABM are based on the principle of objective orientation as well as the evolution (training) of agents in the process of modeling various variants of the proposed events. Despite the apparent simplicity of the rules of interaction between agents the results are usually non-obvious and quite meaningful. ABM can be developed both at the micro level and represent models with multiple agents at the macro level. The concept of multi-agent systems which immediately gained followers and support in both scientific circles and industrial communities, first started talking in the mid-1980s. Over the past thirty years, the methodology of IAU creation has been constantly improved: technologies and tools for its promotion and use in the management of large-scale network structures (such as defense systems, energy, health, transport, logistics, urban management, collective robotics, etc.) have been actively developed. The scope of application of MAS is very wide. The analysis of implemented MAS proves that currently the tool is the most advanced technology for managing any objects built on the principles of self-organization. However, despite all the evidence of positive prospects for the introduction of AOM technology the number of examples of its successful application to date is small. In this regard creation of new platforms for discussion of international experience and improvement of the approach to simulation modeling in general is especially important for further dissemination of AMB and MAS. Creation of an open consortium for agent-oriented modeling as well as promotion of development, communication and dissemination of research results as well as implementation of educational activities together will contribute to the development of agent based modeling. The analysis and review of existing methodology of social modeling with use of agent based approach in the application to scientific and technical development, implementation of R&D and maintenance of innovative potential showed that models characterized by complex multi-level processes and interactions of agents have more capacious software structures which depend more on the "fine" tuning of the agents themselves. Such models can contain and use a voluminous set of data, and in the field of economic research tend to focus on the analysis and forecasting of various socio-economic processes at the macro level.

The small business sector is an integral, objectively necessary element of any developed economic system, without which the economy and society as a whole cannot normally exist and develop. Although the indicator of any developed state is made up by large corporations, and the presence of a powerful economic force (big capital) largely determines the level of scientific, technical and production potential, the real basis of life for countries with a market-based economic system is small enterprises as the most massive, dynamic and flexible form of business life. It is in the small business sector that the majority of national resources are created and circulate, which are the breeding ground for medium and large businesses. High adaptability and mass coverage of almost all areas of the domestic market of the country ensure the sustainability of economic development and contribute to the stability of the political climate.

The entry of the Russian economy into the 6th technical and technological structure is a matter that affects ensuring the national security of the state and its transition with the help of artificial intelligence to the creation of new developments and increasing the efficiency of work in many areas of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). This will ensure a transition to a qualitatively new level of management of the global economy. Issues related to the growing role of implementing effective IT technologies in agricultural enterprises and the need for timely recognition and use of the opportunities for continuous improvement of business processes are considered. The analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of IT solutions, including the necessary resource base for this, was carried out as part of the investment of IT projects. A formula is presented for analyzing the cost-effectiveness of implementing integrated IT systems in food industry enterprises with the need to assess the total costs of an IT system for the entire life cycle (development, implementation, commissioning and development, and decommissioning costs). The introduction of information and communication technologies in food production will reduce the production costs of agricultural enterprises, as well as focus on factors of time, quality and surveillance, since the introduction of a suitable IT system will speed up the optimization of organizational and analytical processes. Significant cost savings and long-term productivity gains are key concepts that form the basis of enterprise success in a modern market economy. The necessity of developing a new integrated methodology is substantiated, allowing to take into account separately the development of software and hardware for digital transformation of enterprises and separately calculate the surplus value from the introduction and use of IT solutions in food production enterprises.

A system model of human capital management has been developed, which, according to the authors, can be an important addition to building an effective decision support system in the field of socio-economic development of the region. The interaction of the subjects of the model can occur in order to implement innovative processes in IT organizations. The developed system model of human capital management takes into account the peculiarities of human capital management in the digital economy and includes three subsystems: “The structure of human capital”, “Tools for the development of human capital”, “Organizational and economic tools for managing human capital”. The work used data obtained in the analysis of more than 100 innovative enterprises engaged in research, including in the field of information technology. As a result of the study, marked-up data were generated on the level of development efficiency of human capital based on the initial processing of financial statements of innovative organizations. To determine the directions of improving the quality of human capital, an approach to assessing the level of efficiency of its development based on the machine learning model is presented. The values ??of the quality metrics of the following machine learning algorithms for solving the problem are presented: linear regression; Random Forest; nearest neighbors method. To classify the region’s enterprises according to the level of development efficiency of human capital based on open financial information, the Random Forest algorithm was chosen. 11 most accurate classification rules in a hierarchical sequential structure were identified and formulated. This will allow for more complete consideration of all aspects of intellectual resources management in the digital economy.

The topic of increasing labor productivity for Russia is the most important task, without which the country will have no prospects for reaching the level of developed countries in the world. The results of labor productivity growth have a positive effect on personnel, capital, manufactured products, increased competitiveness, reduced costs, increased sales and profits. In this regard, at the federal level, a national project “Labor productivity and employment support” was developed and approved. The paper considers approaches to the concept of labor productivity, which differ among specialists of various profiles. Many of them mix the terms “efficiency” and “productivity”. A significant number of publications on the topic of labor productivity are actually devoted to efficiency, although efficiency and labor productivity are concepts that are not identical. It should be noted that labor productivity is associated with almost all performance criteria and is the most important of them. The factors that affect the productivity of a subsidiary to develop proposals for updating strategic documents determining its development in the future are analyzed. The factors of labor productivity according to the principle of taxonomy are considered. The main constraints to the growth of labor productivity are determined. The issues of increasing labor productivity are considered. The calculation of the total weight development coefficient of the personnel of one of the subsidiaries showed its growth of over 30%.

A methodology has been developed for assessing the region’s human capital based on the calculation of an integral indicator. The modern economic development trends, expressed in the activation of digitalization processes, are considered. The place of the Voronezh region in terms of digitalization among other regions is determined. The region occupies a leading position among the studied areas, but at the same time, further development in the direction of digitalization is necessary, since the region has the resources for higher rates of digitalization in the long term. Under the assumption that human capital plays a key role in the process of transformation of the modern economic system of the region, the authors propose a system of indicators for an integrated assessment of the human capital of the region. Indicators are united in enlarged groups (demographic, labor and educational, research, sociocultural). To calculate the integral indicator of the state of human capital in the region, the coefficients of significance of each of its components are determined. Significance factors were established using an expert method. Next, we calculated the weighted indicators for assessing the components of the region's human capital and the integral indicator. The calculations made it possible to determine the key components in the structure of indicators of human capital: labor and educational, which made it possible to orient the directions of development of human capital in the regions. Particular attention is paid to the development of the innovation sphere, which cannot be realized without the development of human capital. The results of empirical studies have confirmed the possibility of practical use of the developed methodology for assessing the human capital of the region, allowing to assess its condition and identify key areas of development.

We studied the safety of food products in the face of increasing risks of falsification. The methods of identification and quality assessment of some groups of goods are considered. The statistics of supplies of imported goods during the economic crisis are given. The problem of falsification of products arose in Russia in the 90s due to the abolition of the mandatory application of standards and state acceptance of products, the introduction of free enterprise, the reorganization of control and veterinary services. The production of domestic products at the state level has stopped. The amount of agricultural land used has decreased. To streamline the problem, laws and technical regulations (TR) were adopted, which are designed for potentially hazardous products and provide for its circulation on the market only after confirming that the products comply with the TR requirements. However, the problem of falsification of products today remains quite acute. Various aspects of product safety are considered. The information on the types of hazards arising from the consumption of food products associated with factors such as: packaging materials; the use of harmful technologies in the production of food products; growing agricultural products of plant and animal origin with excessive use of stimulants for various purposes. In order to protect public health, this information should be available to consumers of these products. Marking should carry complete information about the product. Eco-labeling should appear on safe products. The government should tighten control over the production of food raw materials and food products, as well as encourage producers of environmentally friendly products.